虚拟语气讲解student.doc

英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气the Indicative Mood用来说明事实或就事实提出询问；祈使语气the Imperative Mood用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等；虚拟语气the Subjunctive Mood是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。考点一 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的。句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用陈述语气。Oil floats if you pour it on water.非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， 句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反If 主语_主语_+动词原形与过去事实相反If 主语had +_主语should/would/could/might+_+过去分词与将来事实相反If 主语_ _ _主语should/would/could/might_1 表示跟现在事实相反从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），构成If I （we, you, he, they）动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用would（第二、三人称）/should（第一人称）/might/could动词原形。要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。_如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。_2 与过去的事实相反 从句的谓语用had过去分词，构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/might have 动词过去分词。如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。_.昨晚如果有时间，我就会来看你的。_假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。_.3 与将来事实相反从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/ might 动词原形。假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？_假如他看见我， 就会认识我。_4 特别注意（1）If从句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它们放在句首，与主语颠倒形成倒装.否定时not位置不变。Were to 中的to 位置不变。如果他在，他会来帮助我们。_假如你按照我说的去做，你就会成功。_ Had you not done as I told you, you wouldnt have succeeded.假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这一切。_ Were I to see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.（2）错综时间条件句：虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：_如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。_从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。_要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。（3）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由with, without, but for等。What would you do with a million dollars?=if you had a million dollarsWe couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (if we hadnt got your help)But for rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work.（4）有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。_那天我病了，否则我就会参加运动会。_他打电话通知我你的生日，要不，我一点也不知道。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）（5）If it werent for和If it hadnt been for，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如： 要是没有水植物就无法生长。_如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。_ 考点2 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1. wish句用法（1）表示与现在事实相反的愿望构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 （be 一律用were）例如：我希望我知道世界上所有的事。_I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。我们希望有翅膀。_ （2）表示与过去事实相反的愿望构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词例如：我希望你昨天来过。_我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。_I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。 （3）构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词例如：I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。I wish that someday I should live on the moon.2. 在一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order, command）,三个建议（ suggest, advice, propose）,四个要求（ ask,demand request, require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”， *这几个词的其他名词性从句形式中也用(should)+ V.我建议马上动身。I suggest that we (should) set off at once.学生们坚持要多上英语课。The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他去大连观光的建议。但是，当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。3. l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望我宁愿你明天(现在)去。_用过去完成时表过去的愿望我真希望你没有这样说过。_4. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 考点3 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法1. advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, suggestion, idea, plan, order2. it is/was +形容词+that 从句 necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, eager, essential, impossible, improper, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, requested/suggested/desired/proposed高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。_很遗憾他居然没有在。_我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。_ 考点4 其他常考要点1. 在It is (high) time (that)的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现在该” It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。你早该上班了。_2. if only表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是就好了”，相当于主语wish。 要是今天是星期天就好了。_3. 由as if(as though) 或even though(even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had过去分词”。 他那样对待我，好像我式陌生人似的。_ 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。_ 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。_注意 It isnt as if的翻译：It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。4. 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。_. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。_5在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。 6. 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。_Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定 考点5 情态动词+ should have done 表对过去发生事情的虚拟高中英语虚拟语气习题精选1. If I had had enough time, I_ my work. A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finishedD. had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A. will catchB. would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught 3. Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A. would passB. could passC. had passedD. would have passed 5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his room. A. knowB. knownC. knewD. should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day. A. haveB. would haveC. must haveD. will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will dieB. would dieC. would have diedD. would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. Had I knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known 9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A. should finishB. finishedC. would be finishedD. be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A. you stayedB. you stayC. stayedD. stay 11. _ in your position, I would help him. A. Was IB. Were IC. If I amD. If I had been 12.I _, but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A. mean to comeB. meant to comeC. had meant to comeD. meant coming 13.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel. A. not to stayB. not stayingC. staying notD. that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would_. A. understand itB. have understoodC. be understoodD. have been understood 15. If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watchedB. hadnt watchedC. didnt watchD. wouldnt have watched 一、单项选择1.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished2.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_atonce_Iraq.A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for3.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone4.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset5.Isuggestedthere_beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse_.A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/6.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_thebasketballgame_putoff.A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being7.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_toBeijingfortheSarssoon.A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent8.Itisimportantthatwe_wildanimals.A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting9.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen10._anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe11._today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave12.Shoulditrain,thecrops_.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved13.You_comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have14.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_hisownson.A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere15.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent16.Afewminutesearlierandwe_therain.A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch17.-“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”-“No,butIwishI_”A.haveB.willC.doD.had18.ImgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_.A.ImayhavefailedB.IdfailC.IdhavefailedD.Illhavefailed19.-“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”-“Idontknow,butitshightime_something.”A.ImdecidingB.IlldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide20.Whatwouldwedoifit_tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow21.IfonlyI_mywatch!A.hadntlostB.haventlostC.didntlostD.dontlose22.You_suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmakeC.shouldnthavemadeD.mightnothavemade23.We_theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.A.hadnthadfinishedB.didnthavefinishedC.couldnthavefinishedD.canthavefinished24.-“Wherehaveyoubeen?”-“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_sooner.”A.IwouldbehereB.IhavebeenhereC.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere25.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe26.Itshightimethatwe_toschool.A.wouldtoB.wentC.goD.willgo27.Itseemsasifit_rain.A.willtoB.isgoingtoC.istoD.were 28.Idratheryou_rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.toleave29.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe_.A.failsB.failedC.wouldfailD.fail30.Itisreallystrangethatthegirl_soearly.A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry31.SupposingI_thisgift,whatwouldhesay?A.acceptB.acceptedC.shouldacceptD.wouldaccept32.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven33.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_yourbirthdayparty.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended34.Heinsistedthathe_mebefore.A.seeB.shouldseeC.hadseenD.saw35.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen36.We_ourliveshaditnotbeenforthepoliceman.A.wouldhavelostB.shouldloseC.mightloseD.couldhavelost37.-Ithoughtyouwouldcomebacktomorrow. -IwouldifI_toattendameeting.A.donthaveB.didnthaveC.willnothaveD.wouldnothave38.Hewishes_mistakes.A.hedoesntalwaysmakeB.heisntalwaysmakingC.hedidntalwaysmakeD.hewouldntalwaysmaking39.It_veryniceifonlyitwerepossible.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.were40.Withoutyourhelp,ourteam_thelastmatch.A.wontwinB.willloseC.wouldnthavewonD.cantwin41.IwishI_whattodo.A.knewB.haveknownC.knowD.wouldknow42._,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.A.HadIbeenyouB.IwereyouC.WereIyouD.Ihadbeenyou43.IfIhadhurried,I_thetrain.A.wouldcatchB.couldcatchC.wouldhavecaughtD.hadcaught44.TominsistedthatJohn_it for no one was in the room except him.A.doB.doesC.didD.woulddo45.Itishightimewe_off.A.areB.wereC.beD.willbe46.Hefeltasifhe_moretimetostudyforthetest.A.needsB.wereneededC.neededD.need47.ItisimportantthatI_withMr.Williamsimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak48.Jameswisheshe_thefootballgameinsteadofthefilm.A.sawB.seeC.hadbeenseenD.hadseen49.Iwish_ since I have so much work to do tomorrw.A.heleftB.heleavesmealoneC.hebeleftD.hewouldleavemealone50.IfIhadknownthat,I_so.A.wouldntdoB.wouldnthavedoneC.wontdoD.havenotdone51.Thedoctorproposedthatshe_.A.willnotsmokeB.notsmokeC.wouldnotsmokeD.didnotsmoke52.IfI_you,Iwoul