老托福阅读真题及答案 The First Flying Vertebrates-智课教育旗下智课教育.pdf

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 老托福阅读真题及答案 The First Flying Vertebrates 智课教育旗下智课教育 老托福的 阅读真题可以让考生了解托福阅读考试的特点还可以让 托福考生适应托福阅读考试的考试形式 所以老托福阅读真题是托福备 考必备的材料 不积跬步无以至千里 不积小流无以成江河 当我们有一定的阅读 量的时候 我们的托福阅读 水平也一定能提高 托福阅读不仅仅跟词汇 量的积累 阅读技巧的把握有关 从托福练习中积累来的语感也对有很 大的帮助作用 那么就通过今天的老托福阅读真题练习起来吧 The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing These were the pterosaurs literally the winged lizards The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds Like the dinosaurs some the pterosaurs became gigantic the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more larger than many airplanes These flying reptiles had large tooth filled jaws but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement They must have been expert gliders not skillful fliers relying on wind power for their locomotion Birds despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air They are an example of a common theme in evolution the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason in this case for flight Although the fossil record as always is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like it is better in this case than for many other animal groups That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds Indeed had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils they might well have been classified as dinosaurs They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail but in the line grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird All birds living today from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs 1 What does the passage mainly discuss A Characteristics of pterosaur wings B The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx C Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates D The development of flight in reptiles and birds 2 Which of the following is true of early reptile wings A They evolved from strong limb muscles B They consisted of an extension of skin C They connected the front and back limbs D They required fingers of equal length 3 The word literally in line 3 is closest in meaning to A creating B meaning C related to D simplified 4 It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies A in the early Triassic period B before the appearance of pterosaurs C after the decline of pterosaurs D before dinosaurs could be found on land 5 The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to A illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs B compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines C demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight D establish the practical applications of the study of fossils 6 The word They in line 10 refers to A powerful muscles B bodies C jaws D flying reptiles 7 According to the passage pterosaurs were probably not skillful fliers lines 10 11 because A of their limited wingspan B of their disproportionately large bodies C they lacked muscles needed for extended flight D climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power 8 In paragraph 2 the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from A a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs B an evolution from pterosaurs C the dominance of birds and pterosaurs over land animals D a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs 9 The word classified in line 21 is closest in meaning to A perfected B replaced C categorized D protected 10 Which of the following helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur A Its tail B Its teeth C The shape of its skull D Details of its bone structure 11 What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany A It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs B It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time