新标准大学英语综合教程4unit5答案.pdf

Gender studies Unit 5 Unit overview Unit key featuresOrganizing suggestions Passage 1 Sex differences in English gossip rules Passage 2 Marked women in the workplace Both passages are academic writing Passage 1 focuses on the research about gender differences in English gossip rules by starting with an overview of the topic and then going into more details Passage 2 follows the same text structure but presents a more detailed and abstract discussion on gender differences portrayed in English language Passage 2 may require slightly more time for teaching since the discussion is more detailed and abstract T needs to signal to Ss the academic writing structures used in both passages to help them with their academic writing in English Reading skills a Following the academic writing structures used in this unit for predicting and understanding the passages b Looking for key words and the theme of a passage to improve reading comprehension Use all passages for a and b Ss learn to see how a theme is exploited in a passage By learning how a piece of academic writing is structured Ss can have a better awareness about the content of the passage Speaking skills Using the knowledge revealed in the passages to improve Ss speaking skills Learning to discuss issues with figures facts and relevant information Get Ss to talk and discuss issues by using certain tones and expressions Ss use the cases in Talking point to show their debating ability in order to solve problems for women in workplace Writing skills and tasks Guided writing Reporting research Unit task Carrying out a press survey Highlighting the ways of expressions and the passive voice used in academic writing Ss follow the examples of academic writing to practise their academic writing for research reports and essay writing Ss learn to understand the reasons for using the passive and see how the first person and the active are used in the two passages Cognitive skills Demonstrating how academic points are cognitively presented in writing and speaking Ss practise to use academic writing structures for presenting their research ideas and findings Reading across cultures Feminism the last 50 years This is a passage presenting the recognition of women s positions in society over the last 50 years Ss receive a brief account of the development of women s roles in society They may reflect to see how women s roles have changed in China Unit 5 Gender studies 164 Teaching suggestions and answer keys Starting point 1 Work in pairs Discuss the statements and decide which ones you agree with Teaching tips Ss can choose more than one here encourage Ss to make comments to give some ideas about why they haven t chosen some items 1 Men are natural leaders women are not One reason for agreeing with this might be that there seem to have been fewer women as outstanding leaders in many fields history but the obvious reason for this is that they had relatively little opportunity and did not have the appropriate background When they have education and opportunities there are always some women who are good leaders 2 Women are natural carers men are not Well some women are not natural carers They are not good at caring roles and do not like caring for children older or sick people On the other hand many women are very good at these things and in the past society expected them to be so they had lots of opportunities In contrast men were less expected to take caring roles although some men are clearly very good at caring This is really the reverse of No 1 If there are opportunities or the need many men will make good carers 3 Men should never show their feelings in public There are social and cultural reasons why people do not show their feelings in public especially in China unless there are extreme circumstances or unless everybody is showing the same feelings So for these reasons neither men nor women show their feelings openly in public Perhaps men show their feelings even less than women because they believe this is a manly thing to do but this is because of social expectations 4 It s important for women to look attractive all the time Well I would say it is important for anybody to look smart all the time unless they are relaxing with their family at home or doing sports or something similar Looking attractive sounds a bit like a male comment though because it probably means attractive to men Well if this is true then the reverse should be true too that men should look attractive for women But I really prefer the word smart 5 It is not easy for men to work for a woman boss I don t see why this would make any difference You could say that it is not easy working for any boss male or female Some men may feel uncomfortable that their boss is a woman if so I suppose this is because they have old fashioned ideas about women s roles and they should change their ideas 6 It is harder for women to reach the top of their profession than men This is probably true but it is not because of women s abilities but because of traditional attitudes of those who are at the top mostly men In different countries you can find top women leaders in politics business education medicine and health care and so on but there are clearly fewer in many other Gender studies Unit 5 165 countries I hope that as time goes by it will be easier 7 Men prefer action to words Surely this depends on the context Sometimes men like to talk and at other times it is better to get on with the action The same is true for women isn t it 8 Women like talking more than men do This is what some men say but again it depends on the context In general this does not seem to be true but seem like a stereotype 2 Work in groups of the same sex and answer the questions 1 Which of the statements in Activity 1 are stereotypes They all seem to be stereotypes and some of them depend on the context No 6 seems to be true but this is because of the stereotyped attitudes of some people at the top who may not encourage women to join them Directly or indirectly all of the statements can be stereotyped but the way these statements work in different countries is probably different 2 Would your answers be different if you were the opposite sex Well the statements are largely stereotypes and so anybody discussing them may have these stereotypes in their mind It is hard to say whether the stereotypes are more popular among men than among women We hope that men or women would give similar answers and that their answers are that these are stereotypes which are changing in the modern world Active reading 1 1 Work in pairs and decide who is gossiping In fact anybody could be saying these things As sterotypes the first is said by a male football fan the second is a women gossiping about the weather as part of small talk the third is a young man women gossiping to another man about other people s personal relationships 2 Check the statements about gossip which you think are true 1 Men gossip just as much as women No men seem to gossip less than women 2 Men talk more about politics than women Yes this seems to be true 3 Men talk more about football than women Yes surely this is the case 4 Women talk more about themselves than men No I am not sure Maybe men talk about themselves as much 5 Men don t admit they gossip Yes I think this is true Unit 5 Gender studies 166 6 Women don t admit they gossip No I don t agree I think they like gossiping and do admit it Sex differences in English gossip rules Background information This is from the bestselling 2008 book Watching the English by Katie Fox who is a social anthropologist and director of the Social Issues Research Centre at the University of Oxford The book is a cultural description of English ways of communicating on topics like the weather or when using mobile phones and behaving at home or in the workplace when eating and the social behaviour in pubs She uses her own behavior and observes that of others but also as a social scientist interviews people and conducts social experiments to reveal the social rules or underlying codes and customs Other topics in the book include dress codes ways of shopping queuing and the extract here social gossip Her other books are about horse racing etiquette in pubs and drinking and public disorder The extract here is about gossip or social talk To gossip is a social way to talk about other people and their private lives or about things that are not important The writer and other researchers have found that when people gossip there are social patterns in the choice of topic and the way of talking about it The phrase in the title gossip rules refers to the rules or patterns that are found in how people gossip but it is ambiguous and might mean that gossip rules or governs our lives Language points 1 As sport and leisure have been shown to occupy about 10 per cent of conversation time discussion of football could well account for the difference Para 1 In one study males gossiped 55 per cent of the time and women for 67 per cent of the time however this difference could be explained by another research finding that about 10 per cent of conversation time is spent talking about sport at least this explanation works if you think that men talk about football and women do not 2 On further questioning however the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice What the women were happy to call gossip the men defined as exchanging information Para 4 When they asked a bit more the difference was more about the meaning of the word than about what they actually did What the women called gossip the men called exchagning information although the women and men were talking about the same activity 3 Clearly there is a stigma attached to gossip among English males and unwritten rule to the effect that even if what one is doing is gossiping it should be called something else Para 5 English men feel there is something wrong or embarrassing about gossip and that there is a rule which is not written down that is if you are gossiping you should give the activity another name 4 For women this detailed speculation about possible motives and causes requiring an exhaustive raking over history is a crucial element of gossip Para 8 For women there is an extremely important aspect of gossip this is that they make guesses with details about why something might have happened This means they feel they have to go over unpleasant aspects of the story in the past that other people do not want to talk about Gender studies Unit 5 167 Reading and understanding 3 Choose the best answer to the questions 1 What does the research quoted in the passage show a Men talk more about politics than about football b Women don t like speaking about politics and art c Men gossip just as much as women d Men and women gossip in exactly the same way 2 What do men do when women are present a They tend to talk about themselves b They change their tone of voice c They speak more about politics and art than usual d They let women do most of the speaking 3 What is the main difference between male and female gossip a Women don t realize they are gossiping b Men only gossip outdoors c Women speak more about themselves than men do d Men speak more about themselves than women do 4 What is the tone rule in women s gossip a Use a special tone of voice to show that you are gossiping b It is important to keep a flat unemotional tone c Don t change your tone of voice when you start gossiping d Always start gossiping by using a low whisper 5 What is the detail rule a You should avoid boring details when you gossip b When gossiping about people it s important to quote what they actually said c You should avoid talking about why people did something d It doesn t matter if your gossip is vague 6 What does the feedback rule say about listeners a They should keep quiet while someone is gossiping b They shouldn t show surprise c They should believe everything they hear d They should show interest and enthusiasm 4 Number the different parts of the passage in the order in which they occur 1 Refer to recent research to dispel the myth about male gossip 2 Reveal that men change topic of conversation when women are present 3 Focus on the difference of content between male and female gossip 4 Suggest that the myth about male gossip is really a problem of terminology 5 Present a detailed technical account of how women gossip 6 Conclude that the vital difference between male and female gossip lies in the positive response of the audience Unit 5 Gender studies 168 Dealing with unfamiliar words 5 Match the words in the box with their definitions 1 in a way that is impossible to doubt and easy to see decidedly 2 the reason that you do something motive 3 main or most important principal 4 with qualities thought to be typical of men masculine 5 to criticize something or to suggest it is not good enough for you sniff 6 lively or active animated 6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5 When Simona Ventura became the host of the Italian TV soccer programme a lot of people 1 sniffed at the decision What could a woman do in such a 2 decidedly male dominated world They argued But the 3 motive behind the choice of Simona as the new presenter soon became apparent Rather than change to fit the programme there is nothing 4 masculine about her she created a new more modern show the 5 principal aim of which is to entertain the whole family The old style lengthy and rather technical analyses of football matches has been replaced by a lively TV programme which is 6 animated by guest celebrities dancers and singers as well as extracts from the day s top matches 7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words You may need to make other changes 1 Cultural and intellectual programmes tend to be broadcast very late in the evening highbrow 2 At the beginning I was very shy but I soon got to know everyone and made friends initially 3 The course I enjoyed most when I was studying linguistics was the one on the relationship between words and meanings semantics 4 To find out more about English as a world language we need reliable people who are able to give information informants 5 She sent me a bunch of roses when I got the job and I did the same when she got promoted reciprocated 6 For some men there is still a feeling of embarrassment and unease about taking orders from a female superior stigma 7 After the goal was disallowed most of the words I could hear were swear words expletives 8 You can t speak like that to someone you don t know It s a matter of rules of social behaviour etiquette 9 Only after a very careful and time consuming editing will this book be ready for publication exhaustive 8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions 1 Does scandalous behaviour a make you feel uncomfortable or b leave you indifferent 2 If you bemoan something do you a express pleasure or b complain about it 3 If you rake over something do you a want to forget it or b keep talking about it 4 If you are appreciative of something someone has done for you do you a thank them or b criticize them 5 If a man has an effeminate manner does he make you think of a a child or b a woman Gender studies Unit 5 169 6 Is camp behaviour a typical of or b different from established norms about the traditional male way of doing things Reading and interpreting 9 Check the writer s main purposes in writing the passage 1 to summarize findings from recent research Most of the passage is taken up with research findings from both the writer and others If you are not sure about this look at how many times words like study research findings found interviews interviewed informants etc are used and read the last two sentences of paragraph five and see how verbs in the past tense in the second part are all reporting research findings 2 to present the writer s own research findings These are clearly included and they are most of the second part but this is the main purpose is not to present them they illustrate how gossip works 3 to dispel a myth about males and gossip The first part of the text does this but the second part reports research only about women s gossip so No 1 is a better answer 4 to show that women are superior to men No the writer does not intend to show this and doesn t do so 5 to encourage people to learn to gossip properly No the passage is about rules but these are not the kind that people are supposed to learn but the descriptive rules that describe common behaviour There is nothing about encouraging people to behave like this 6 to draw attention to the different ways in which men and women gossip This is a reasonable answer but the passage is really reporting research see No 1 7 to analyze the way in which women gossip This is the point of the second part but not the main idea of the whole passage 10 Work in pairs Discuss whether the writer of the passage is a man or a woman Teaching tips T may have already told the class about the writer see Background information which gives details The writer is a female social scientist Whether or not Ss actually know who the writer is it is still a good exercise to go through the features below and to think about the kind of evidence from the actual text that would help a person to draw conclusions about the gender of the writer style of writing The style of writing is a style which popularizes academic findings but this could be written by either a male or female writer you can t really tell which here attitude The general attitude is one which shows that gossip is an interesting thing to study Any social scientist Unit 5 Gender studies 170 might study this but it seems more likely that a woman would do so because of popular ideas about gossip which is exactly the topic of the study here vocabulary Some of the vocabulary seems more feminine but this is mostly quoted from other people and is not the writer s own words the wri