外文翻译--冷冲模使用寿命的影响及对策 英文版

Die Die Die Die Life Life Life Life of of of of cold cold cold cold stamping stamping stamping stamping die die die die and and and and mprovements mprovements mprovements mprovementsOverview ofstampingdieStamping Die - Stamping in the cold, the material (metal or non-metallic) processing into parts(or half) of a special technical equipment, called cold stamping die (commonly known as Die).Press - is at room temperature, using the die installed in the press to put pressure on the materialto produce a separation or plastic deformation, and thus to obtain the necessary parts of apressure processing method.Stamping die in the form of many, the general categories according to the following mainfeatures:1.According tothetechnical nature of(1) Die along the closed or open contour the material are derived from mold. If blanking die,punch die,cut off themold,cut mode, cuttingmode, split mode,etc.(2) bending mode to blank or blank sheet along a straight line (curved line) to bend, deform, andthus obtain acertain angle andshape oftheworkpiece inthemold.(3) The drawing die is made of the blank sheet opening hollow, or hollow pieces of furtherchanges totheshape andsize ofthemold.(4) Die rough or semi-finished workpiece is convex according to plan, direct copy the shape ofthe die shape, the material itself, generate only local plastic deformation of the mold. Such as thebulging mode,reducing thedie,expansiondie, formingdierolling, flanging mold,plasticmold.2.According tothedegree classification process combination(1) single process model inapress tour,just completed a diestamping process.(2) composite model is only one station, in a press tour, at the same station at the same time tocomplete more than two ortwo die stamping process.(3) Progressive Die (also known as the modulus of continuity) in the feeding direction, rough,with two or more of the station, at the press of a visit, work in different places on the completionoftwo or two successive Road overstamping die process.Chongcalled coldstamping dieDie-wide.Cold stamping die is used in cold stamping die mold industry, and accessories required forhigh-performance structural ceramic materials, preparation methods, high-performance ceramicmaterials, molds and accessories from the zirconium oxide and yttrium aluminum powderincreases, Pr element composition, Preparation is the solution of zirconia, yttria solution,praseodymium oxide solution, according to a certain percentage of alumina solution when mixedliquor, ammonium bicarbonate infusion, by co-precipitation synthesis of ceramic materials,molds and accessories needed for raw materials, reaction precipitate generated by the treatment,drying, calcining and accessories by high performance ceramic mold material superfine powder,and then after forming, sintering, finishing, they will have high-performance ceramic materials,molds and accessories. Advantages of this invention is the invention made of cold stamping diesand parts and long service life, the process does not appear in the press and its parts andstamping die bond generated the phenomenon of stamping surface is smooth, no glitches, canreplace traditional high-speed steel, tungsten steel.Diewiththemain partsDie stamping tools is the main process equipment, stamping rely on the relative movement underthe mold completed. Processing time because the upper and lower mold between the constantdivision and, if continued operation of the fingers of workers to enter or remain in the moldclosed, there will certainly posea serious threat totheir personal safety.(A) ofthe moldmainparts, functionand safety requirements1. Working parts is a direct punch to blank forming the working parts, therefore, it is the key tomold parts. Punch not only sophisticated and complex, it should meet the following requirements:(1) beof sufficient strength, can not bebroken or destroyed duringstamping.(2) should be appropriate to its material and heat treatment requirements, to prevent too highhardness and brittle fracture.2. Positioning parts positioning part is to determine the location of the parts installed blank, thereare pins (board), gauge pin (plate), lead is sold, guide plate, knife set from the side, side pressureetc. Design should be considered when positioning parts easy to operate and should not havehad orientation, location to facilitate observation, preferably in the forward position, contouringtocorrect thepinlocation and positioning.3.Binder,unloading and discharging parts binder components are blank holder,binder board.Blank holder pressure can drawing blank holder force, thereby preventing billets under the actionof the tangential pressure arch formed folds. The role of pressure plate to prevent movement andbounce blank. Top of the device, discharge boards role is to facilitate the pieces and clean upwaste. Them by the spring, rubber and equipment, putting on the air-cushion support, can moveup and down, knocking out pieces of the design shouldhave enough top output,movement tothelimited spaces. Stripper plate area should be minimized or closed position in the operatinggroove milling out empty-handed. Exposure of the stripper plate should have protection aroundthe plate, to prevent finger inserted into or foreign objects inside, exposed surface edges shouldbe bluntdown.4. Guide parts and guide sleeve guide pin is the most widely used part of a guide. Its role is toensure punch the punching clearance when accurate match. Therefore, the guide posts, guidecover the gap should be less than the blanking clearance. Guide Post located next mold base, toensure that the stroke bottom dead center, the lead column in the template on the face over thetop for at least 5 to 10 mm. Guide columns should be arranged far away from the module and thepressure plate inthearea, sotheoperators arms donotget totake over thelead columnmaterial.5. Supporting and clamping the upper and lower parts which includes templates, die handle,fixed plate punch, plate, stopper,etc.Up and down the template is the basis of the cold die parts, other parts are respectively fixed atthe top.Template plane size, especially around the direction to be compatible with the workpiece,toolarge ortoosmall are not conducive toaction.Some molds (blanking, punching type mold) to the pieces of convenience, be set up under themold plate. At this time the best and the template plate connected between the screw, the twoplate thickness should be absolutely equal. Plate spacing out the pieces to be able to prevail, nottoomuch,soas not tobreak thetemplate.6. Fastening parts which includes screws, nuts, springs, pins, washers, etc., are generally usedstandard parts. Die more with the amount of standard parts, design choice and flexibility shouldbe tightened to ensure the top out of the need to avoid exposure to the surface fastener operatingposition,the staffand impedeoperation toprevent bumps.Diewiththedevelopment ofSince reform and opening, with the rapid development of the national economy, the marketdemand with the growing Die. In recent years, Die with the industry has been around 15%growth rate of the rapid development of industrial enterprises with ownership Die componentsalso changed dramatically, in addition to the professional mold factory outside of state-owned,collective, jointventures, wholly-owned andprivate has been arapid development.As with the accelerating pace of international integration, the increasing competition in themarket, it has been increasingly recognized product quality, cost, and new product developmentcapacities. The cold die manufacturing is the most basic elements of the chain, one of the colddie manufacturing technology to measure a countrys manufacturing sector has become animportant symbol of thelevel, andlargely determine theviability ofenterprises.Die with enterprises to increase in recent years many technological advances for investment,technological progress will be seen as an important driving force for enterprise development.Some domestic enterprises have popularized the two-dimensional mold CAD, and graduallybegan to use UG, Pro / Engineer, I-DEAS, Euclid-IS and other international common software,individual manufacturers have also introduced Moldflow, C-Flow, DYNAFORM, Optris andMAGMASOFT etc. CAE software, andsuccessfully applied instamping diedesign.A car cover mold as the representative of a large stamping die manufacturing technology hasmade great progress, Dongfeng Motor Corporation mold factory, mold manufacturers such asFAW mold center has been able to produce some car cover mold. In addition, many researchinstitutions and universities to carry out technology research and development of mold. Afteryears of effort, in the mold CAD / CAE / CAM technology has made remarkable progress; inimprovingquality andreducing mold diedesign and manufacturing cycle, andso contributed.Although China Die with the industry over the past decade has made remarkable development,but in many ways compared with the industrialized countries there is still a large gap. Forexample, the precision machining equipment, processing equipment in Die with the relativelylow proportion; CAD / CAE / CAM technology penetration is not high; many advanced moldtechnology not widely so, resulting in a considerable number of large, sophisticated, complexand longDie life withdependence on imports.With the continuous progress of science and technology, modern industrial production ofincreasingly complex and diverse, product performance and quality is ever increasing, thus thecold stamping technology put forward higher requirements. In order to adapt to the coldstamping technology industry needs, cold stamping technology itself also in innovation anddevelopment. cold stamping technology idea is to improve and expand as much as possible theadvantages of the cold stamping process, to overcome its shortcomings. in the cold stampingtechnology development, shouldnotethefollowing aspects:(1) cold stamping technology process parameters should be properly identified and Die with thework of some of the shape and size, to improve the quality of stamping parts and shorten the newproduct production cycle should be in strengthening the metal forming the basis of theoreticalstudies, to metal forming theory to practice can produce a direction, and gradually establish aclose connection with the actual production of the advanced process of calculation. abroad havebegun to use plastic finite element method, automobile parts forming process of the stress andstrain analysis and computer simulation to predict the forming part of a process plan on thepossibilities andpotential problems.(2) to accelerate product replacement, mold design to overcome the shortcomings of a long cycle.Should vigorously carry out computer-aided design and manufacture of molds (CAD / CAM)Research. In my country, paying particular attention to strengthening the multi-positionprogressive dieCAD /CAMTechnology.(3) to meet the needs of mass production, and reduce labor intensity. Should strengthen coldstamping of mechanized and automated, so that the average, small pieces of high-speed pressesin a multi-position progressive die production, production reached a high degree of automationtofurther improvestamping productivity.(4) expand the scope of application of cold stamping production. So cold pressing both suitablefor mass production, but also for small batch production; both the general accuracy of productproduction, but also can produce precision parts. Should pay attention to development such asfine blanking (especially thick material fine blanking), forming high-energy, soft mold forming,pressure and processing new superplastic forming process, but also promote the easy mode (softmode and the low melting point alloy mold), Universal Hybrid model, the use of CNC punchpress and otherequipment.In addition, the performance improvement of sheet metal stamping, mold new material, diedevelopment ofnew processing methods shouldbefurther strengthened.DiewithlifeandCountermeasuresDie with the life of the workpiece by punching out the number of terms. Many factors affect thelife Die. There are die structure design, manufacture molds used in the punch and die materials,die quality and surface hardening heat treatment, precision die manufacturing parts and coldstamping materials selection. In addition, there are die installation, adjustment, use andmaintenance.1.Die Design onLife(1) Layout design of layout methods and take the boundary value a great impact on the die life,too small to take the boundary value, often causing rapid wear and convex mold,die bite woundson the. Starting from material savings, take the boundary value smaller the better, but take theedge is less than some value, the cut surface of the mold and the quality of life adversely. Therewill be left behind in the blanking die Q-gap were to produce spare parts glitch, or even damagethe die edge, reduce die life. Therefore, consider increasing the material utilization of the sametime, parts must yield, quality and life expectancy to determine the layout methods and take theboundary.(2) die structure prone to stress concentration on the cracking of the die structure, compositestructure can beused ormosaic structure, andprestressed structure toenhance themoldlife.(3) the impact of clearance when the gap is too small, compressed extrusion of interest, increasedfriction, increased wear, the wear side of aggravated discharge and push pieces after blankingtime, materials and convex, the friction between die will cause wear and tear than the end edgeon the side of the grinding much, but also easily lead to convex, concave mold temperature ishigh, the adsorption of metal debris in the side edge to form a metal tumor, so that male andfemale die chipping or expansion occurs crack phenomenon. Therefore, the gap is too small toDie Life very bad. Gap is too large will increase the punch and the die face the edge of theconcentration of stress, resulting in a sharp increase in stress, so blade edge quickly lose angularyield deformation. Therefore, addition of blanking force, thereby enabling faster edge edge wear,reduce die life. But in order to reduce the male and female die wear, extending mold life, whileensuring quality of stamping pieces under the premise that larger space designed properly it isnecessary.(4) Die-oriented structure of the life of a reliable guide for the working parts reduce wear,prevent male and female die bite wound is very effective. In particular, non-small-Q gap Q gapor Die, compound die and multi-position progressive die even more important. To improve thedie life, must be based on processes and the demand of precision, the correct choice-orientedform and orientation accuracy, the choice should be higher than the accuracy-oriented convex,concave moldwith precision.(5) the impact of cold stamping materials, cold stamping materials selected should meet thedesign requirements of workpieces and stamping process requirements, or easy to mold damageand reduce mold life. Poor surface quality of cold stamping, punching, cracking when theworkpiece is also easy to scratch mold. Bad cold stamping plastic materials, deformation is small,easy to press when the workpiece rupture, but also easy to scratch mold. In addition, the materialthickness tolerances shall comply with national standards. Die because of a certain thickness ofmaterial suitable for forming, bending, flanging, drawing die of the male and female die structuregap is directly determined by the thickness of the material. Therefore, uneven thickness, willresult inwaste generation andmolddamage.2.Die DieLife ofDie Die Life of a mold material properties, chemical composition, structure, hardness andcomprehensive reflection of metallurgical quality.Among them, the material properties and heattreatment affect the quality of the most obvious. Mold material properties on the impact of dielife is great. If the same workpiece, using a different mold material of the bending test, the testresults: The 9Mn2V material, the life of 5 million; with Crl2MoV nitriding, the life of up to 40million. Therefore, the choice of materials, the batch size should be based on workpiece, rationaluse of moldmaterials. The hardness of the die parts toDie Life a great impact. But not the higherhardness, longer die life. This is because the hardness and strength, toughness and abrasionresistance are closely related. Some die demands of high hardness, long life. Such as the use ofT10 steel dies, hardness 54 58HRC, only washed thousands of times a burr on the workpiecegreat. If the hardness to 60 64HRC, the grinding life of up to 2 to 3 million. However, ifcontinue to improve hardness, fracture occurs earlier. Some die hardness should not be too high,as the die manufacturing using Crl2MoV 58 62HRC hardness, the general life of 2-3 million,invalid form of chipping and cracking, and if the hardness down to 54 58HRC, life expectancyincreased to 5 60 000, but decreased to 50 53HRC hardness appears easy to blunt the dieedge phenomenon. Thus, mold hardness must be based on material properties and failure modesmay be. Should enable the hardness, strength, toughness and wear resistance, resistance tofatigue strength neededtoachieve a particular stampingprocess thebest match.3.The surface of themoldheat treatment tostrengthen thequality and impact onlifeMold heat treatment the nature and quality of life of the mold a great impact. Practice shows thatthe die parts of the quenching distortion and cracking, early fracture during use, while themetallurgical and materials quality, forging quality, mold structure and process related, butrelated more to die of heat treatment. According to statistical analysis of failure causes of mold,heat treatment failure due to improper accounting for more than 50%. Practice shows that themold material must be accompanied by high heat treatment process properly, can really play amaterials potential. Parts surface hardening mold work purpose is to obtain the effect of externalhard tough inside, so be hardness, wear resistance, toughness, good resistance to fatigue with.Many ways to die sur