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毕业设计/论文外 文 文 献 翻 译院 系 电气与控制工程学院 专 业 班 级 电气09级3班 学 号 0906060310 姓 名 折增亮 指 导 教 师 鲁坚丘 2013年 6 月 6日在线Skivers science direct 数据库矿山安全科学与工程国际研讨会卢奇伟，林帅，鑫甜，王苏科，王聪中国矿业大学（北京） ，北京市海淀区100083 ，中国一种提高矿用局部通风机供电安全的新方法摘要本文所提出的提高局部通风机供电的安全性，是将应急电源（ EPS ）增加到供电系统中。本文对它的关键技术和建可行性进行了详细分析，此外，将设计的方案与现有方案进行相比。这个设计是将应急电源提供的电力增加到局部通风机供电系统中，并尽量减少瓦斯聚集或爆炸事故造成的停电事故，以防止出现双电源同时故障的情况。比较现有方案和“煤矿安全管理办法”双电源和双局部通风机是实际情况需要的。新的供电方法能大大改善局部通风机的供电安全。关键词：应急电源，矿井局部通风机，电力安全2011年由Elsevier有限公司发布。中国安全生产科学技术院选择和审查，中国矿业大学（北京） ，麦吉尔大学，卧龙岗大学。1介绍局部通风机通风是利用局部通风机和气槽在通风巷道中进行通风，这种方式已被广泛使用在中国的煤矿中。局部通风机给掘进工作面提供新鲜的空气，并将有毒气体和灰尘排除去，以防止爆炸和窒息。如果局部通风机供电中断，井下工作人员将受到有毒气体的伤害，甚至引起瓦斯聚集，发生严重的爆炸事故。根据“煤矿安全规程” 要求，在高瓦斯矿井和高气体地区的低瓦斯矿井，为确保局部通风机供电安全，应配置两个相同容量局部通风机并且能够自动切换。当其中一个停止工作，另一个可以自动启动。两个局部通风机一个是主通风机，另一个是备用局部通风机。主局部通风机必须安装专用开关、专用电缆和专用变压器。专用变压器最多能够同时为掘进工作面四个不同的局部通风机的提供电源。备用局部通风机的电源必须来自另一个电压回路，当住局部通风机不能工作时，备用局部通风机能够自动启动，使掘进工作面通风正常。1通过上面叙述的要求，我们能够看出主要是主局部通风机而不是备用局部通风机需要专用开关、专用电缆、专用变压器。但是因为局部通风机在煤矿中的重要性，在大多数煤矿中备用局部通风机也安装专用开关、专用电缆、专用变压器。两个局部通风机供电电路如图1所示，根据图1所示，一台变压器为四个在不同掘进面工作的局部通风机供电，这也与“煤矿安全规程”要求相适应，但仍有一些原因可能会导致局部通风机停电，例如，四个局部通风机的专用开关故障，电缆因长距离供电和井下潮湿的环境发生故障，越级跳闸故障将使四个局部通风机同时断电。据不完全统计，自从2005年， 至少有16起爆炸事故是因为局部通风机供电故障或送风故障引起的，死亡人数至少200人2。事实上，局部通风机还有很多停电事故，但是这些事故不会引起瓦斯爆炸，而且还有好多事故是没有统计的。因此，局部通风机的供电安全是非常重要的，要引起人们更多的注意。为进一步提高局部通风机的供电安全，并且尽可能阻止发生因无计划停电和因为送风故障而引起的停电故障，本文提出了一种为煤矿井下重要掘进工作面的局部通风机增加应急电源的方法。具体的供电电路图如图2。2 拟定设计的特点与图1相比较，图2将应急电源（EPS）加在1#供电电源专用开关输出侧，并同时检测2#供电电源的状态，EPS的内部原理图如图3。其工作原理如下：当系统控制器检测到1电源供电是正常的，系统控制器将通过逆变器控制1#供电电源向局部通风机供电，系统控制器将同时控制电池充电器对电池进行充电。一旦1电源出现异常或供电故障，如果2# 供电电源是正常的，则2#开关将会自动启动，则2#供电电源将为备用局部通风机供电。当1#供电电源和2#供电电源同时故障，系统控制器将立刻通过开关设备控制电池组向逆变器供电，并立即启动逆变器为主局部通风机供电，使其正常工作。应急电源的工作时间是由电池组的容量确定的。系统控制器通过掘进面瓦斯气体浓度调整局部通风机的转速。应急电源。系统包含电池管理系统，它可以检测每个电池的电压和温度，如果某些电池工作异常，电池巡检装置将及时把信息反馈到系统控制器中。该系统控制器还具有远程监控界面，该界面能够与系统监控系统实时交流。并且能够通过远程监视界面，控制应急电源的启动和停止。 因此，即使是1#供电电源和2#供电电源同时发生故障，但EPS应急电源仍然能够启动主局部通风机实现掘进面的通风和瓦斯抽放，为井下工作人员离开或通风机设备保养争取更多的时间，并且能够避免瓦斯聚集或发生爆炸事故，提高了井下局部通风机供电安全。总结来说，EPS供电电源具有以下特征：i 如果两个工作电源同时发生故障，逆变器的工作电源将有电池组提供。它能够确保局部通风机通风不断为井下工作人员离开或设备维护争取更多的时间。ii 因为用到了逆变器，无论是在正常的供电模式或应急电源模式，主局部通风机能够确保逆变器根据瓦斯浓度输出旋转速度。为了在应急电源模式，延长电池的工作时间，旋转速度能够根据瓦斯浓度控制。iii 应急电源的工作时间是由电池组供电能力确定的。据统计，一般非计划停电大多不超过一个半小时3。因此，电池的容量可以根据一个小时的紧急时间选择。iv 应急电源设备是相对独立的，不会影响电网供电系统。3升级技术的关键技术根据图3，应急电源是由：电池充电器，电池组，逆变器，开关装置，系统控制器，电池管理系统等组成。在中国的许多煤矿，局部通风机通常与变频器联合使用，智能的实现瓦斯气体排放，这是将逆变器应用在这个设计的良好基础。EPS采用可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）作为主控制器，它具有很高的可靠性和抗干扰能力。电池组、电池管理系统和电池充电器的设计分析如下：3.1 电池组和电池管理系统的选择根据“煤矿安全规程”的要求，掘进工作面中所用的电池组必须是防爆型。目前，只有一个关于中国防爆电池的行业标准，这就是JB / T 8200-2010 “专用防爆铅酸电池煤炭矿用电源装置”。但是此标准仅仅是适合于使用铅酸电池的煤矿电动机车4。因为电池组在充电时回释放氢气，根据“煤矿安全规程”的要求，铅酸电池充电必须在电气化的独立通风室或者是有新鲜空气的地方。此外，在GB3836.2- 2010“ 爆炸性环境-第二部分：隔爆外壳“d”保护的设备”，释放氢气电池组禁止用于防爆外壳的设备5，因此，专用防爆铅酸电池是不是适合这个方案。随着时代的发展，煤炭行业和采矿设备的技术进步，磷酸铁锂电池被用于越来越多的监控通讯系统中，应急设施，地下运输车辆，等等。磷酸铁锂电池的安全性较高并且充电过程中没有氢气释放。为了满足煤矿设备的迫切需要，国家安全标准中心现在正在接收关于“矿用隔爆型锂离子电池供电的安全技术要求”的意见。因此，在煤矿井下使用的磷酸铁锂电池将成为时代的潮流。但是，为了提高安全性，在使用电池时，电池管理系统需要设立监测每个电池组的电压和温度。一旦这些参数出现异常时，系统控制器可以迅速断开电池组，并防止由电池电而造成意外。3.2 电池充电器因为局部通风机在掘进面的地理位置比较狭窄，电池充电器的体积和重量的应尽可能小并且容易操作。随着高频率的优势，体积小，电压精度高，高频开关电源已广泛应用于通信和电力行业。而近日，高频开关电源已投入应用的煤矿在某些场合。因此，使用高频开关电源电池充电器是一个不错的选择。这里有两个充电设计方案，一个是使用一个充电器为整个电池组，而另一个是给每一个电池组安装充电器。对于第一个充电方案，它的优势是只用了一个充电器，但是它的输出电压和功率必须非常高。另外，利用一个电压平衡控制电路用来保持每个电池的电压平衡和热设计是非常复杂的。第二种方案的优点是，它可以很好地确保的每个单元的电压平衡。而且可以独立的控制每个电池单元的电压；散热设计很简单，因为每个充电器的功耗都比较小。但是它的缺点是充电器的数目太多。并且为了确保电池组的安全性，在控制系统中应设置充电保护，放电保护。这就是当电池组的电压或单个电池的电压高于最大允许的极限，控制器应能断开与充电器连接的电池组。并且当电压下降到低于允许的最小电压，控制器应能断开连接电池组和逆变器。4 结论在中国煤矿目前的供电模式情况下，为了减少意外停电事故和局部通风机事故，本文提出了新的解决安装即为井下局部通风机安装单独的EPS应急电源，进一步提高了井下供电系统的安全性。设计方案满足即使是两个工作电源同时故障，也能够为井下工作人员离开或设备维护赢得更多的时间。本文提出的设计以及方案将大大减少事故发生的可能性，造成瓦斯积累或瓦斯爆炸。本文探讨比较和分析了现有的方案和设计的方案，关键技术问题的讨论和分析。此外应急电源EPS对局部通风机是一种新的供电保护来防止故障时引起的瓦斯爆炸，对电源安全和煤矿的安全生产具有重大的价值。参考文献1国家安全生产监督管理局，煤矿安全规程。北京：中国法制出版社， 2010年（中国）2 国家煤矿安全监察局，2004-2009年煤矿事故分析报告R 2010（中国）3李永学，天才，“探索高气体矿井掘进工作面局部通风机电源的控制模式与实践”煤炭工程。11，2007卷， pp.51 - 53 （中国）4中华民国工业和信息化部，专用防爆铅酸煤矿电池电源装置S ，北京：中国机械工业出版社，2010（中国） 5 国家标准化管理委员会中华民国人民，爆炸性环境第2部分：设备保护隔爆外壳“ D” S ，北京：中国标准出版社，2011（中国）Procedia Engineering 26 (2011) 1104 11081877-7058 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.doi:10.1016/eng.2011.11.2280Available online at First International Symposium on Mine Safety Science and EngineeringA New Method to Improving the Security of the Power Supply of Mine Local VentilatorQiwei Lu aChina University of Mining & Technology(Beijing),Haidian District,Beijing 100083,China*, Shuai Lin, Zijing Yang, Tian Xin, Suke Wang, Cong WangAbstractTo improve the security of the power supply for local ventilator, adding an emergency power supply (EPS) to the local ventilator is proposed by the paper. The key technology and the feasibility of the proposed scheme wereanalyzed in detail. Also, the proposed scheme was compared with the existing scheme. This scheme was proposed can start the emergency power to provide power for the local ventilator, and minimize the gas accumulation or explosion accidents caused by the power failure, in the case of the double powers failure. Compare to the existing scheme that double powers and double local ventilator machines at the driving face required by “Coal Mine Safety Regulations” . The new scheme can improve the security of the power supply for local ventilator greatly. 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), McGill University and University of Wollongong.Keywords:Emergency Power Supply; Mine; Local ventilator machine; Power safety1. IntroductionThe ventilation of the local ventilator is a method to ventilate the laneway using the local ventilatorsand the air-ducts, which has been widely used in the coal mines in China., The local ventilator provides fresh air for the driving face, to exhaust the gas and the dust which are toxicant, asphyxiate and explosive.Once the power supply of the local ventilator is failed, the underground workers will be harmed by thetoxic gas, and there even be gas accumulation, which would cause serious explosion.In order to ensure the security of the power supply for local ventilator, two local ventilators which areautomatic switching and with equal capacity must be equipped with in the high gaseous mine, the coal * Corresponding author. Tel.: +086-10-62339084; fax: +086-10-62339084.E-mail address: lqw.1105Qiwei Lu et al. / Procedia Engineering 26 (2011) 1104 1108and gas outburst mine and the high gaseous area of the low gaseous mine , according to the requirements of “Coal Mine Safety Regulations”. When the one doesnt work, the other can start automatically. The two local ventilators are called main local ventilator and spare local ventilator separately. The main local ventilator must be equipped with special switch, special cable and the special transformer. The special transformer can supply power for different local ventilators in four different driving faces at most. The power of the spare local ventilator must be from another power. When the main local ventilator goes wrong, the spare local ventilator can start automatically, keeping normal ventilation of the driving face 1.From the above requirements, it can be seen that just the main local ventilator instead of the spare local ventilator needs to be equipped with the special switch, special cable and the special transformer. But because of the importance of the local ventilator in the coal mine, the spares local ventilators are also equipped with the special switch, special cable and special transformer in many coal mines. The power supply mode of the two local ventilators is shown in Fig.1. According to Fig.1, one transformer providespower to four local ventilators at different driving faces, which is also corresponding with the requirement by the “Coal Mine Safety Regulations”. But there are still some reasons can cause the power failure of the local ventilator, for example, the switch of the four local ventilators fault, the cable fault caused bythe long distance and the damp, and the override trip fault can cause power cut in four different mining faces at the same time. According to the incomplete statistics, since 2005, there had been at least 16 gas explosion accidents due to the power failure and the wind blowing-out failure of the local ventilator, and the death number is more than 2002. Actually, there are still many power failure accidents at the local ventilator, but they did not cause the gas explosion accidents, and the number cannot be well counted. Sothe security of the power supply of the local ventilator is much serious, and deserves much close attention.To further improve the power supply security of the local ventilator and prevent the accidents caused by the unplanned power cut-off and the wind blowing-out failure as far as possible, the paper put forward a new method which is adding a separate emergency power supply for the local ventilator in the important driving faces of the coal mine. The specific power supply mode is shown in Fig.2.2. The characteristics of the proposed schemeCompared with Fig.1, an emergency power supply (EPS), which detects the status of 2# power at the same time, is added to the output of 1# switch in Fig.2, The internal principle of the EPS is in Fig.3. Its operating principle is as follows: When the system controller detects that the 1# power is normal, the system controller will control the switching devices to supply power for local ventilator through the inverter of the 1# power. The system controller will control the battery chargers to charge the battery at the same time. Once the 1# power appears abnormal or failed, the 2# switch will automatically start if the 2# power is normal, and the 2# power supply for the spare local ventilator. When both 1# power and 2# power go wrong, the system controller will instantly control the switching devices to supply power for inverter using battery pack, and start the inverter immediately to keep the main local ventilator working. The work time of the emergency power supply is determined by the capacity of the battery pack. Thesystem controller adjusts the rotate speed according to the gas density. The emergency power supply system contains battery management system which can detect the voltage and temperature of each battery cell. Once some cells are abnormal, the battery inspection device will transform the information to the system controller in time. The system controller also has a remote monitoring interface which can communicate with the main monitoring system constantly. It will control the emergency power supplystart or stop through monitor interface.1106 Qiwei Lu et al. / Procedia Engineering 26 (2011) 1104 1108Qiwei Lu / Procedia Engineering 00 (2011) 000000specialtransformer1#mainswitch1#1#switch1#power2#powerspecialtransformer2#mainswitch2#MMain local ventilatorMStandby local ventilatorMM2#switchDriving face1Driving face4StandbyMainspecialtransformer1#mainswitch1#1#switch1#power2#powerspecialtransformer2#mainswitch2#EPSMMain local ventilatorMStandby local ventilatorMM2#switchDriving face1Driving face4StandbyMainFig.1 The power supply mode for the local-ventilators Fig.2 The proposed power supply mode for the local-ventilatorsBattery pack chargerBatterypackInverterSwitchingdevicesBattery management systemLocalventilatorSystemcontrollerDisplay and keyboardMonitoringUPS1# Power1#Powerdetection2# Power detectionFig.3 The principle schematics of the EPSSo even both the 1# power and the 2# power are all failed, the EPS still can start the main local ventilator to realize the ventilation and the gas drainage, Win the time for workers leaving or equipments maintenance, and avoid the gas accumulation or explosion accidents, and improve security of the power supply for the local ventilator as a result.1107Qiwei Lu et al. / Procedia Engineering 26 (2011) 1104 1108To sum up, the power supply method has characteristics as follows:, If the double powers are all stop working, the power of the inverter is supplied by battery pack. It ensures that the local ventilator can ventilate continuously and win the time for the workers leaving andequipments maintenance., Because of using the inverter, the main local ventilator can ensure the inverter output according to the gas density whether in normal power supply mode or emergency power supply mode. In order to extend the work time of the battery in the emergency power supply mode, the rotate speed can be controlled according to the gas density., The emergency time is determined by the capacity of the battery pack. According to the statistics,the time of unplanned power cut is mostly less than half an hour 3 .So the capacity of the battery can be selected according to one hour emergency time., The device is relatively separate, which will not affected by the problems of power grid.3. The key technology of the proposed schemeFrom Fig.3, the emergency power supply is made up of battery charger, battery pack, inverter, switching device, system controller, battery management system, and so on. Many coal mines in China,the local ventilators are usually deployed with inverter to realize the intelligent gas emission, which is a good foundation for the application of inverter in this scheme. The EPS uses the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as the main controller, which has a high reliability and anti-interference ability. The design analysis of battery packs, battery management system and battery chargers are as follows.3.1. Acknowledgements Battery pack and battery management systemAccording to the requirements of “Coal Mine Safety Regulations”, the battery pack that used in thedriving face must be explosion-proof. At present, there is only one industry standard for the explosion-proof battery in China, that is JB/T 8200-2010 “Special Explosion-Proof Lead-acid Batteries for Coal Mine Power Source Device”. But this standard is just suitable for the lead-acid battery used in the electric locomotive of the coal mine 4. Because of releasing hydrogen when in charge, the lead-acid battery must be charged in the electrified chamber with the independent ventilation or in the fresh air according to the requirements by the “Coal Mine Safety Regulations”. Also in GB3836.2-2010 “Explosive atmospheresPart 2: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures “d” ”, the hydrogen releasing battery is forbidden to used in the explosion-proof enclosure 5. So the special explosion-proof lead-acid battery is not suitable for this scheme.With the development of the coal industry and mining equipment technology progress, the lithium iron phosphate batteries are used more and more in the monitoring communication systems, emergency facilities, underground transportation vehicles, and so on. The safety of the lithium iron phosphate batteryis higher and without hydrogen releasing. To meet the urgent need of coal mine equipments, The National Safety Standards Centre now is accepting comments on “The Security Technology Requirements for The Mine Explosion-Proof Lithium Ion Battery Power Supply”. So using the lithium iron phosphate batteriesin the coal mine is becoming the trend of the times. But in order to improve the safety when using the battery, the battery management system should be set up to monitor the voltage and temperature of the single cell. Once these parameters appear unusual, the system controller can quickly disconnect the battery pack and prevent the electric accidents caused by the battery.3.2. Battery charger1108 Qiwei Lu et al. / Procedia Engineering 26 (2011) 1104 1108Because the space of the local-ventilator in the driving face is narrow, the volume and weight of the battery charger should be as small as possible and easy to be handled. With the advantages of high frequency, small volume and high voltage precision, high frequency switching power supply has been widely used in the communication and electric industry. And recently, the high frequency switching power supply has been put into application in some occasions of the coal mine. So using a high frequency switching power supply as the battery charger is a good choice.There are two charging schemes, one is using one charger for the whole battery pack, and the other is giving each battery a charger. For the first charging scheme, the advantage is using only one charger, but the output voltage and the power of the changer must be very high. Also a voltage balance control circuit should be used to keep each battery voltage balance and the thermal design is very complex. The advantage of the second scheme is that it can ensure the voltage balance of the each cell very well. And the battery cell voltage can be controlled independently; the thermal design is very simple, because of the low power of each charger. But the weakness is that the number of the chargers is too many. And in order to ensure the safety of the battery pack, the overcharge protection and discharge protection should be set in the control system. That is when the voltage of the battery pack or single cell is higher than the maximum allowed limit, the controller should be able to disconnect the charger and the single cell. And when the voltage drops below the minimum allowed voltage, the controller should be able to disconnect the battery and the inverter.4.
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