河北省秦皇岛市卢龙县高考英语阅读理解含语法填空练习（7） (2).doc

河北省秦皇岛市卢龙县2016高考英语阅读理解含语法填空练习（7）【2015高考复习】阅读理解research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment.childrens relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school，and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school，becoming depressed and other problems.making and keeping friends is more than childs playwhen 6yearold rachel returned to school on a recent monday morning，her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend abbie.“though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each others arms and hugged，”recalls rachels mother kathryn willis of gilbert.“it was like a scene from a movie.”most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child.experts agree that friendship is not simply childs play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.a skill for life “childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood，” says dr.robbie adlertapia，psychologist with the center for childrens health & life development at the east valley family resource center.researcher william hartup states，“peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.the work of arizona state university professor of developmental psychology gary ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.good friendships dont just happenexperts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality friendships.but，researchers warn，these friendships dont necessarily just happen.often，a good friendship begins with involved parents.psychologist dr.lynne kenney markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.bad companymany parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their childs friendships.“when she was in 1st grade，her supposed best friend began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，” says mindy miller.“my daughter wasnt allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class.it really crushed her spirit.i told my daughter she didnt need a friend like that.”“ill bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend i think is good for him，” adlertapia says.“i dont look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”【语篇解读】研究表明，童年时期的友谊对孩子的将来有着非常重要的意义。5the example of rachel and abbie is used to illustrate that_.achildhood friendship is of great significance to their growthba positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problemscit is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout lifedrachel missed her friend abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend解析细节理解题。文中六岁的rachel与她的朋友abbie之间的友谊例证了本部分的标题making and keeping friends is more than childs play，再结合文章首句可知应选a项。答案a6the underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by_.aaggressivebdisappointing cridiculousdharmful解析词义猜测题。根据文中的“the work of arizona state university professor of developmental psychology gary ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.”可知，“detrimental”与句中的“beneficial”相对应，因此“detrimental”与“harmful”同义。答案d7we can learn from the passage that highquality friendship most probably results from_.asocial skills and good study habitsbschool grades and classroom behaviorscacademic success and social adaptationdpositive parental involvement and social skills解析细节理解题。根据good friendships dont just happen中的“a good friendship begins with involved parents”与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading”可知，d项正确。答案d8from the last paragraph we can conclude that dr.robbie adlertapia agrees that_.aparents should regard making friends as something that just happensbits wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationshipscparents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situationsdparents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can解析推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友的问题上给予指导，避免其受到不良影响，因此选b。答案b阅读理解。the year 2009 is the year of ox. the ox is a representative of the fanning culture of china. in the farming economy （经济）, oxen are the major animals pulling plows（犁）. of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. in fact, they are seen as boats on land for their ability to carry loads. besides, the whole body of an ox is full of treasures. their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. with all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures. in the past, oxen played an important role in the spiritual life of the chinese. even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities. for example, some people who1ive in southwest china will cook cattle bone soup and share it among family members when holding the ceremony for children who reach 13. they believe that the cattle bone soup represents the blood relationship among family members. in order to express their love for oxen, people in some other areas will run to shake off diseases on the 16th day of the first month by the lunar calendar （农历）, and during their run they will take their oxen along, which indicates they regard the creature as human. because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the chinese people are very grateful to the animal. in addition, the use of oxen in ceremonies and the thanks people owe to oxen help to develop various traditional customs, which becomes an important part of the folk culture of the chinese nation. 1. the words boats an land underlined in paragraph 2 refer to _a. animals for taking goods b. creatures for pulling plowsc. treasures of the folk culture d. tools in the farming economy2. from the third paragraph, we know that _ a. oxen are no more important today than in the pastb. ceremonies are held when people cook cattle bone soupc. oxen are treated as human in some areas of chinad. people run with oxen to shake off diseases every month3. which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?a. the special role of oxen in frowning. b. peoples respect and love for oxen. c. the practical value of an oxs body. d. the contribution of oxen to the economy. 4. why does the author write the text? a. to stress the importance of oxen in farming. b. to introduce the chinese folk culture. c. to describe how to celebrate the year of ox. d. to explain how to develop agriculture with oxen. 【参考答案】14、a c b b社会生活类in 1986，when carlo petrini first coined the term “slow food，” he organized locally in his native italy to preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food. today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85, 000 members, addressing worldwide issues like farmer equity and environmental_stewardshipthe actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livablecommunities.characterized by slow food international as “good, clean, and fair food，” slow food must enrich the eaters life，have no negative impact on human or environmental health，and compensatefairly for food producers work.the average american meal travels about 1,500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country. however，cost for food travel and heavy processing are not the only problems in the foodindustry that the environment faces. industrial agriculture also has unsustainable practices likeinefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. our ideas in feeding ourselves are exceptional,but at various points our technologies come into conflict with natures ways of doing things. a great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to our attempts tooversimplify natures complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain. “slowing” food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce theimpact of “food miles” and develop a closer relationship with their food producers.“ we need tochange our food system，” said david prior, organizer of slow food nation eatin. “our currentfood system is sick and we need to support farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has theright to nutritious food.”1the main idea of the passage can be summarized as_.awhy slow food is so important bthe food and wine culture is rich in italycwhat youre eating always travels a long way dslow food makes the current food system sick 2according to the second paragraph, “environmental stewardship”refers to_.ameasures of environmental protectionsbways to establish healthy and livable communitiescpeoples admiration for all the creatures on the earth dactions to protect the rights of all living things and environment3slow foods characteristic doesnt lie in_.aimproving the quality of eaters lifebproviding a fair pay for food workerscbeing friendly to human and environmental health ddeveloping a loose relationship with food producers4what is david priors attitude towards current food system? asuspicious. bunsatisfied. cindifferent. dsupportive.【要点综述】本文的作者告诉我们，如果想吃得更健康、更营养，那就提倡“慢食物”吧！1a主旨大意题。本文主要探讨“慢食物”的重要性，以及“慢食物”给人们带来的好处，故答案选a项。2d细节理解题。从第二段中的“environmental stewardshipthe actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments”可知，环境管理(environmental stewardship)的内容就是“破折号”后的解释，即“人们尊重所有生物和环境的权利的行动”，故d项正确。3d细节理解题。从第三段可知，“慢食物运动”的特色就在于改善饮食者的饮食质量；不对人类健康和环境卫生产生副作用；给食物供应商以合理的报酬。d项则没有提到，故答案选d项。4b推理判断题。从最后一段david prior所说的话可知，他认为当前的食物系统很糟糕，需要改进，所以他的态度应该是不满意的(unsatisfied)。a项表示“怀疑的”；c项表示“漠不关心的”；d项表示“支持的”，都不符合语境。阅读理解概述-题型探究探究点-推理判断题 一、题型特点与命题方式既要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含的意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问：1what can you conclude from this passage? 2whats the authors attitude towards.? 3we can infer from the passage that.4which statement is (not) true? 二、解题思路与应试技巧考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法主观臆断。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用浏览的方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。下面结合最新高考试题，对推理判断题的不同类型加以解读。1抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出所隐含的深层含义。 例 1 【2011课标全国卷】.there existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.mr.basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldnt freeze.and i remember mr.basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.what can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boys house? ahe wanted to have tea there.bhe was a respectable person.che was treated as a family member.dhe was fully trusted by the family.【解析】 d推理判断题。联系文章我们知道，甚至有的住户把钥匙留给送奶员，让他把牛奶放到屋内，这充分说明了人们对他的信任。 2整合全文(段)信息进行推断 做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，最后确定最佳结论。例2 【2011北京卷】.in the essay, i wrote about my desire to skydive, stating george bush sr. did it at age 80.why not me? i was just 84 and in pretty good health.a year went by and i heard nothing.but then at a community party in late april 2009, they announced that i was one of the winners.i just couldnt believe it.inspired by this.i decided to realize my dream, even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it. the author mentioned george bush sr.in her essay to _.abuild up her own reputationbshow her admiration for himccompare their health conditiondmake her argument persuasive【解析】 d推理判断题。根据in the essay，.stating george bush sr.did it at age 80.why not me? i was just 84 and in pretty good health可以推断出选择：make her argument persuasive“让自己的辩论更富说服力”。 3利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断很多文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意、了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。例3 【2011课标全国卷】.recently, an old milk box in the countryside i saw brought back my childhood memories.i took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊)every so often my sons friends will ask what it is.so i start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk. .why did the author bring back home an old milk box?ahe missed the good old days.bhe wanted to tell interesting stories.che missed it for his milk bottles.dhe planted flowers in it.【解析】 a推理判断题。从本段所给材料我们可以知道，作者向别人讲述过去的关于送奶员的故事，表明他非常怀念那段时光。 4根据文章的结论推断作者的态度 作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。例 【2011北京卷】.the lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter.the 21st century development of the american west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region.there are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.what is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?acautious. bapproving.cdoubtful. ddisapproving.【解析】 a推理判断题。根据there are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind.可以推测出最佳答案选a，意为“谨慎的”。语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【辽宁卷题型】alan：do you have anything_1_on this evening?joe：no, ive got a lot of time_2_(kill)alan：well, then. wont you come over to dinner and have a game of mahjong afterwards?joe: with pleasure.alan：you were not so eager about mahjong before.joe：thats _3_ i didnt know the fun of_4_(play) it then. why is mahjong such a popular game, do you know?alan：ive got no idea. i only know that foreigners are beginning to take_5_ interest in it, besides their old card games.joe：thats right. some of them are already_6_(expert)alan：indeed they are. but the trouble about mahjong is once youre_7_(interest) in it, you cant shed it off. joe：yes. once i went crazy over other hobbies such as stamp collecting and reading, but i find them very_8_ (bore) now. alan：im sure your former hobbies are more beneficial.joe：i cant deny that, and i cant help it，_9_.alan：the bells ringing. that_10_ be our partners.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1particular此处用形容词作后置定语，修饰anything。2to killhave got a lot of time to kill中to kill作状语。 3because考查名词。此处表原因，故用because。4playing介词of后应用ving，所以填playing。5an考查冠词。take an interest in.对感兴趣。6experts考查名词。此处指专家(experts)。7interested考查形容词。be interested in 对感兴趣。8boring此处boring作find的宾语补足语。9either由i cant help it，可知，此处表示也不(either)。10must/may考查情态动词。广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。a london-based translation firm is offering parents-to-be the chance to check the meaning of prospective baby names in other languages to avoid causing their offspring future _1_ (embarrass)celebrity couple tom cruise and katie holmes might have thought twice about naming _2_ daughter suri if they _3_(know) that it means “pickpocket” in japanese, “turn sour” in french, and “horse mackerel” in italian, suggests today translations._4_1000 pounds ( $ 1 678 ), the company s linguists will carry out a “basic name translation audit” of names，_5_(check) their meaning in 100 languages, or more for an additional cost.while open to everyone, the firm said _6_ expects the service is likely to attract celebrity clients, who are known for giving their babies unusual names.other names of celebrities babies it has checked include kai rooney, the name of the newborn son of english soccer player wayne rooney，_7_ means “probably” in finnish, “pier” in estonian, and “stop it” in the west african language of yoruba._8_ musicians gwen stefani and gavin rossdale may have known zuma meant “peace” in arabic when _9_(choose) their son s name, they may not have been aware it also translates as “lord frowns in anger” in the aztec language of nahuatl.however, some unusual name choices of celebrities babies are beyond easy translation, the company admits，_10_ as jermajesty the name of michael jackson s brother jermaines son.1解析考查词性转换。空格前为形容词修饰语，而且此处是cause sb.sth.的结构，因此断定此处需要填名词，embarrass的名词形式为embarrassment。答案embarrassment2解析结合语境考查形容词性物主代词。名词前设空答案首先考虑限定词，因为上文提到“tom cruise and katie holmes”，所以用their，意为“他们的女儿”。此处表示“名人夫妇tom cruise和katie holmes要是知道suri这个名字在其他语言里的意义的话，他们也许会三思后再起名字了”。答案their3解析结合语境考查动词的时态。由上文“might have thought”可知，条件句中应用“had过去分词”。答案had known4解析结合语境