河北省石家庄新乐市高考英语阅读类含语法填空练习（4） (2).doc

河北省石家庄新乐市2016高考英语阅读类含语法填空练习（4）【2015高考复习】阅读理解as more americans go to mainland china to take jobs，more chinese and americans are working side by side.these crosscultural partnerships，while beneficial in many ways，are also highlighting tensions that expose differences in work experience，pay levels and communication.in the last few years，a growing number of americans in their 20s and 30s have been heading to china for employment，attracted by its fastergrowing economy and lower jobless rate.their chinese coworkers are often around the same age.but the two groups were raised differently.the americans have had more exposure to freemarket principles.“young americans were brought up in a commercial environment，”said neng zhao,28，a senior associate at blue oak capital，a private firm based in beijing.“we werent.so the workplace is a unique learning process for my generation.”managers hiring workers in china appear to be paying for western experience.foreigners tend to earn 10 to 15 percent more than their chinese counterparts，said michael norman，senior vice president as sibson consulting，an american firm.that imbalance does not go unnoticed by chinese workers.“there is definitely the belief that americans get paid more for the same work，”said ting wang,25，an associate at wild china，a travel company based in beijing.on the other hand，chinese workers have a deeper understanding of the influences，like confucianism and communism，which play a part in their countrys culture and economy. it is important and necessary for americans working in china to adjust，said mr.norman，who works on management and work force issues for multinational companies operating in asia.“in the west，there is such a bonus on getting things done quickly，but when you come to work in china，you need to work on listening and being more patient and understanding of local ways of doing business，”he said.1more americans go to china to take jobs because_.athey want to experience different culturesbchinese workers are easier to cooperatecthey cant find proper jobs in americadthe economy of china is developing rapidly解析细节理解题。根据文章的第二段第一句“.attracted by its fastergrowing economy and lower jobless rate.”可知答案为d。答案d2what is mainly talked about in the passage?acrosscultural conflicts.bcrosscultural partnerships.cmultinational companies in china.ddifferent pays for the same work.解析主旨大意题。文章的第一段就点出了主题“these crosscultural partnerships，while beneficial in many ways，are also highlighting tensions.”故选b。答案b3what can we learn from the passage?aamericans benefit more from working in china.bchinese and american employees have the same experience.cyoung chinese can benefit from crosscultural partnerships.dmore americans working in china cause higher jobless rate.解析写作意图题。本文讲的是这种跨文化的合作存在许多益处，由文章的第三段可知中国的年轻人在这种跨文化的合作中得到的好处多。故选c。答案c4what does the underlined word“imbalance”in paragraph 3 refer to?aunfair pay levels.bdifferent working experience.cunequal opportunities.ddifferent upbringing environment.解析词义猜测题。由第三段“foreigners tend to earn 10 to 15 percent more than their chinese counterparts.”知这种不平衡是指薪酬的不平衡。答案a。【阅读理解】 jacqueline bouvier kennedy onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else.after the death of her second husband，greek shipping magnate (巨头) aristotle onassis lacquelines close friend and former white house social secretary letitis baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career (职业) in publishing.after consideration，jacqueline accepted it.perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life. she became not less but more interested in reading.for the last 20 years of her life, jacqueline worked as a publishers editor, first at viking，then at doubleday, pursuing(追求)a latelife career longer than her two marriages combined.during her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books.among the first books were in the russian style and inventive paris clothes.she also succeeded in persuading tv hosts bill moyers and joseph campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ，the power of myth.the book went on to become an international bestseller.she dealt，too with michael jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传)，moonwalk.jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations，but she soon proved her worth.her choices，suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to jacqueline herself.in the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.her books are the autobiogaphy she never wrote.her_role_as_first_lady，in_the_end，was_overshadowed_by_her_performance_as_an_editor.however，few knew that she had achieved so much. 本文主要讲述jacqueline在选择了编辑这一职业后所做出的成就。在这一行业里她的光芒甚至压过了她作为第一夫人的头衔。1we can learn from the passage that jacqueline_.abecame fond of reading after working as an editorbwas in charge of publishing 100 bookscpromoted her books through social relationsdgained a lot from her career as an editor答案：d。推理判断题。由文章内容可知，在第二任丈夫去世后 ，朋友推荐jacqueline考虑在出版业谋一职位，没有想到她在此行业取得了成功，即d项正确。2the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that_.ajacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as first ladybjacquelines life as first lady was more colorful than as an editorcjacqueline was more successful as an editor than as first ladydjacquelines role as first lady was more brilliant than as an editor答案：c。句意理解题。解本题的关键在于正确理解overshadow一词。通读全文可知，jacqueline作为编辑取得了巨大成功，光芒超过了她第一夫人的头衔，故c项正确。3what can be inferred from the passage?ajacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 years.bjacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually.cjacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited.djacquelines achievements were widely known.答案：c。推理判断题。由文章最后一段信息“in her books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.”可知她的一些个人观点在自己编辑的书中有所表露，故c项正确。4the passage is mainly_.aan introduction of jacquelines life both as first lady and as an editorba brief description of jacquelines lifelong experiencesca brief account of jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 yearsdan analysis of jacquelines social relations in publishing答案：c。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述jacqueline作为编辑所取得的成就，故c项正确。【阅读理解】getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. however, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.in the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. a particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. by 1538, the french king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. so did the king of england in 1546. thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. henry iv, king of france, was famously dirty. upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since world war . advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.on the contrary, mary ruebush, an american immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. and the latter position is gaining some ground.1. the kings of france and england in the 16th century closed bath houses because .a. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.b. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in c. they believed disease could be spread in public bathsd. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease2.which of the following best describes henry ivs attitude to bathing?a. afraid. b. curious. c. approving. d. uninterested.3. how does the passage mainly develop?a. by providing examples. b. by making comparisons.c. by following the order of time. d. by following the order of importance.4. what is the authors purpose in writing the passage?a. to stress the role of dirt.b. to introduce the history of dirt.c. to call attention to the danger of dirt.d. to present the change of views on dirt.【参考答案】14、ca cd【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】dwhats your earliest childhood memory? can you remember the first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? adults seldom recall events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four rarely retain any memory of specific, personal experiences.a variety of explanations have been proposed by psychologists for this childhood amnesia( 记忆缺失,健忘).one argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature（成熟）until about the age of two. but the most popular theory maintains (主张）that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot access childhood memories. adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories. but when they search through their mental files for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the pattern. its like trying to find a chinese word in an english dictionary.now psychologist annette simms offers a new explanation for childhood amnesia. she argues that there simply arent any early childhood memories to recall. according to dr. simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten impressions of these experiences into long-term memories. in other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about them - mother talking about the afternoon spent looking for crabs(蟹) at the beach or dad asking them about their day at ocean park. without this verbal reinforcement, says dr. simms, children cannot form permanent memories of their personal experiences.69. according to the passage, it is widely believed that_.a. it is impossible for an adult to recall his(or her) childhood experiencesb. adults virtually have no access to their childhood memoriesc. adults think in words while children think in imagesd. adults and children have different brain structures70. trying to find a chinese word in an english dictionary is stated in the passage to show that_.a. chinese and english are totally different languagesb. it is unlikely to find a chinese word in an english dictionaryc. adults and children have different memory patternsd. memories are in some way connected with languages71. according to annette simms,_.a. verbal reinforcement is necessary for children to have permanent memoriesb. there does not exist such things as childhood memoriesc. childrens brains are mature enough to form permanent memoriesd. children are generally inexperienced and unable to remember things they dont understand【参考答案】6971、bca 科普知识型阅读理解(一)scientists at harvard university and bates college find female chimpanzees(黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own.young males engage in such behavior much less frequently.the new work by sonya mkahlenberg and richard wwrangham, described this week in the journal current biology, provides the first evidence of a wild nonhuman species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animals choice of playthings.the two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks.doll play among humans could have its origins in objectcarrying by earlier apes(猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization.“in humans, there are obvious sex differences in childrens toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures，” says kahlenberg.“while socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”in 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the kibale national park in uganda, kahlenberg and wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stickcarrying.some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick.“we have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls，” says wrangham, a professor at harvard.“if the doll hypothesis (假设) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying stickswhen they had their first child.we have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.” ()1.what does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?ashe gives them to her child to play with.bshe treats them as dolls.cshe makes useful tools from them.dshe treats them as weapons.()2.what causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage?asex difference.bsocialization.cenvironment.dcultural difference.()3.we can infer from the fourth paragraph that _.asocialization has nothing to do with humans choice of playthingsbsex difference is the only factor in humans choice of playthingscthe biology factor may also influence toy choicedpeople choose different toys in different cultures()4.wrangham probably believes that _.aobserving so many chimpanzees has been enough for them to make a conclusionbthe study proves human beings have evolved (进化) from chimpanzeescall chimpanzees treat the sticks as dollsdchildren playing with sticks are abnormal()5.it can be concluded from the passage that _.aboth humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex differencebdifferent factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthingsconly female chimpanzees have playthingsdchimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children【解析】 本文是科普文。研究发现，雌性黑猩猩喜欢把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃。1b细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，雌性黑猩猩把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃。2a细节理解题。综合分析文章可知，性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因。3c推理判断题。从第四段可知，这两位科学家的研究表明生物学因素也可能影响对玩具的偏好。4a推理判断题。从第五段最后一句可知答案。5a推理判断题。综合文章信息可知，无论是人类还是黑猩猩，性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原因。【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】a century ago in the united states, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect that company. but perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. nearly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. and the railroads usually won.most of the cases were decided in sate courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.court decisions always went against railroad workers. a mr. farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchmans negligence ran his engine off the track. the court reasoned that since farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a pure accident. in effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.in one case where a pennsylvania railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. but the court overturned the jurys decision because it argued that the railroads negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.as the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads-against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness toward individuals.72. which of the following is not true in farwells case?a. farwell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.b. farwell would not have been injured if the switchman had been more careful.c. the court argued that the victim had accepted the risk since he had willingly taken his job.d. the court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.73. what must have happened after the fire case was settled in court?