河北省辛集市高考英语一轮起航阅读理解训练（6）(1).doc

河北省辛集市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（6）【2015高考复习】阅读理解toni morrison was known as one of the most famous fiction writers in america.she has written nine novels，many essays and lectures and several childrens books.toni morrison was born in 1931 in lorain，ohio.she took the nickname toni in college.she started reading early in life and it was always a huge pleasure.in 1949，she entered harvard university in washington，d.c.she studied english literature and later received a masters degree from cornell university in ithaca，new york.after college she married harold morrison and had two children.their marriage ended in 1964.morrison became an english professor and she loved nothing more than to discuss new books with students.but she realized that she needed to write when she discovered she wanted to read a book that had not yet been written.that book turned out to be the bluest eye，published in 1970.toni morrison wrote about a little black girl who believes she would be beautiful and happy if she only had the blue eyes of a white girl.morrisons next novel，sula，was published in 1973.it received great praise and was nominated (提名) for the national book award.her third novel，song of solomon，won the national book critics circle award.many people think beloved is toni morrisons best work，which was published in 1987 and won the pulitzer prize for fiction.beloved tells the story of a slave haunted by the horror of killing her own baby girl.morrison says she does not have a favorite among her own books and that whatever book she is currently working on is the one that interests her most.however，in 2008，she told the television host charlie rose that there was a book she considered her best.she achieved the goals she set for herself in the novel jazz and it had the finest writing and ideas.toni morrison won the nobel prize for literature in 1993.she was the first african american to receive the award.the nobel committee said the imaginative force and poetic voice of her writing gave life to an imporant part of american reality. 【语篇解读】 莫里森是第一位荣获诺贝尔文学奖的美国黑人作家。颁奖者说，她在“富有想象力和诗意的小说中”对美国黑人生活进行了“生动的描述”。本文介绍了莫里森的主要生平事迹。20the underlined word “it ”in paragraph 2 probably refers to _.awriting bher nicknamecreading dgoing to college答案c代词指代题。根据第二段中的第三句可知，it指上文中的“reading”。21as a professor，what did morrison love to do most?ato discuss new books with students.bto write english essays.cto analyze writing styles.dto give lectures on literature.答案a细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一句可知莫里森最喜欢和学生讨论新书。22beloved is thought to be toni morrisons best novel probably because _.ait received widespread praisebit was awarded the pulitzer prizecit won the national book awarddit won the national book critics circle award答案b推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，很多人认为beloved是莫里森最好的作品，而她的这部作品获得了普利策奖，故b项正确。23which is the correct order in which the following events happened?amorrison won the pulitzer prize.bmorrison married harold morrison.cmorrison received a masters degree.dmorrison entered harvard university.emorrison won the nobel prize for literature.ac，a，d，b，e bd，c，b，e，a cc，d，b，e，a dd，c，b，a，e答案d细节判断题。根据文章的内容可知，莫里森1949年上了哈佛大学，之后在康奈尔大学获得了硕士学位，然后结婚生子，1987年获普利策奖，1993年获得诺贝尔文学奖。阅读理解-deven plant can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. but unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3, 000 feet away straight up. a decade ago, adopting the infrared （红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist stephen paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. the goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide （杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest （害虫）problems.even better, paleys remote scanning services company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. the data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running“fevers”. farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.the bad news is that paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. farmers resisted the new technology and long - term backers were hard to find. but with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, paley hopes to get back into operation. agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “this technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the united states, ” says george oerther of texas a & m. ray jackson , who recently retired from the department of agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. but only ff paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.16plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are_.a. sprayed with pesticides b. facing an infrared scannerc. in poor physical condition d. exposed to excessive sun rays17in order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to_.a. estimate the damage to the crops b. measure the size of the affected areac. draw a color-coded map d. locate the problem area18farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by_.a. resorting to spot-spraying b. consulting infrared scanning expertsc. transforming poisoned rain d. detecting crop problems at an early stage19the application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties _.a. the lack of official support b. its high costc. the lack of financial support d. its failure to help increase production20infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of_.a. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceb. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on cropsc. the forceful promotion by the department of agricultured. full support from agricultural experts 全解全析4145 cdacb 本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了将原用于军事和卫星的红外线扫描技术运用于农业的前景，人们为此所做出的努力及遇到的困难。16c。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段第2行“an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by cropsthe data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were runningfevers”，说明植物在发“高烧”，也就是说，“身体状况”不佳时才会散发热，所以选项c符合题意。17d。推理判断题。本题要求判断使用红外线扫描技术的目的。依据文章第二自然段第4行“showing where plants were running feversfarmers could then spot spray，”说明目的是确定有问题的区域，以使农民有针对性地喷杀虫剂。显然，选项d（确定有问题的地域）为最佳选项。18a。细节理解题。依据文章第二自然段最后一句“farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would”（采取点喷，农民们可以节省平时用量的50至70的杀虫剂），选项a符合题意。19c。推理判断题。依据文章第三自然段的第1句“the bad news is that palelys company closed down in 1984，after only three yearsfarmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find”，从中可以看出红外线扫描技术应用于农业遇到了一些问题，原因有两个：一是农民对新技术的抵制，二是难以找到长期赞助商。文章中还有一处明显的提示出现在最后一句：“but only if palely finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago”从该句提供的信息同样可以反推出10年前的情形，所以选项c正确。20b。细节理解题。依据文章第三自然段第2行“but with the renewed concern about pesticide on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning，palely hopes to get back into operation”，可知b项（出于对杀虫剂过度使用的担心）符合题意。passage 4 development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans has been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of optically stimulated luminescence dating that a human presence in australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. older dates for a human presence in australia have now been shown to be erroneous . the importance of australia as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories lies in the fact that humans arrived there much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the americas and northern eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. what miller et al. have shown is that the extinction of genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeastern australia (indeed probably right across the continent) about 50,000 years ago. this is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in australia. it was also a period of modest climate change, well before the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal pleistocene. the data of miller et al., therefore, support those who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna. genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary. it was an inhabitant of australias inland plains and some coastal regions, but its legs were relatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. proponents of humancaused extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting. a new school of thought has recently established itself in the extinction debate. it advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the worlds megafauna. the new genyornis data also weaken that argument, for the following reason. fifty thousand years ago, australia was experiencing mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, the americas were experiencing rapid warming. these disparate climatic conditions, all coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad for the big animals. under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes indistinguishable from the humancaused extinction model for the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction. 66. the last word “megafauna” in paragraph 2 most probably means a birds. b plants. c big animals. d small animals. 67. genyornis was vulnerable to human hunting because it was a a delicacy. b very weak. c very small in size. d clumsy. 68. how many models have been put forward for the extinction of genyoris? a one. b two. c three. d four. 69. that australia experienced mild cooling and the americas rapid warming suggests that a the climatic conditions were unfit for genyornis to live. b genyornis were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions. c the two climatic conditions were both bad for genyornis. d the climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of genyoris. 70. the selection is mainly about a the debate over the time of the human presence in australia. b the relationship between the human presence and magafaunal extinction. c the relationship between human activities and climatic changes. d the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.passage 466. 【正确答案】 c big animals. 【本题考点】 词语释义题。 【试题精解】 考生如果有一定的构词法知识一眼就可看出该题的答案。 “mega”在英文中指 “big”；fauna指 “animals” ，显然c 为正确答案。考生如果没有这方面的知识，也可以利用上下文来判断。作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了genyornis,在第三段开始对其进行了描述： “genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary.” 足见其大。 【考点出处】 第二段末句，但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。67. 【正确答案】 d clumsy. 【本题考点】 细节判断题。 【试题精解】 第三段中指出 “it is such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting” “such characteristics” 指的是其 “heavy, short and thick”, 即 “clumsy”。 【考点出处】 根据第三段第二句可知它的腿短而粗，跑得慢，d 项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意一致。68. 【正确答案】 c three. 【本题考点】 细节判断题。 【试题精解】 文中共提到了三种：（1）human hunting;（2）climate;（3）human impact and climate change。 【考点出处】 第二、三、四段中。69. 【正确答案】 d the climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of genyoris. 【本题考点】 推理暗示题。 【试题精解】 澳大利亚经历了 “mild cooling”, 美洲经历了 “rapid warming”, 而两个地方都出现了genyornis的灭绝，说明气候对其灭绝并未产生什么影响。在文中最后一段作者也指出 “the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.” 【考点出处】 第二段和第四段。70. 【正确答案】 d the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction. 【本题考点】 主旨大意题。 【试题精解】 本文重点介绍了造成“magafaunal extinction”的三种原因，所以d 为正确答案。 【考点出处】 考察对全文的理解能力，实际上从第三题的做答中我们就可得出解答该题的部分相关信息。核心词汇 1.chronologyn.年代学 2.luminescencen.发光 3.erroneousa.错误的 同义 false, incorrect, inexact 4.megafaunan.巨型动物 5.fluctuationn.变化 同义 oscillation, rolling 6.ponderousa.笨重的 同义 heavy, weighty, massive, bulky 7.cassowaryn.食火鸡全文精译 澳洲古代巨鸟灭绝探因 要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为接受的年代表同样也是困难的。并且只有在光学模拟发光测定年代的方法发展起来后，人们才确定53，000年到60，000年前澳洲有了人类，现在已证明更久远的年代是错误的。 之所以把澳洲称为试验种族灭绝理论的天然实验室，其重要性在于（lie in）：人类到达这儿的年代要远远先于到达经历过巨型动物灭亡的其他大陆（如欧洲和欧亚大陆北部）的年代。miller等人向我们说明，“巨鸟”于50，000年前在澳洲南部同时灭绝，这和人们普遍接受的人类到达澳洲大陆的时间相当接近。这也是气候温和的时期，随后很久才发生了更新世晚期灭绝性的气候剧变。miller的资料支撑了认为人类捕猎而非气候变化是巨兽灭绝的原因的观点。 “巨鸟”是远古时期一种巨型鸟类，重约80到100公斤，是鸸鹋和食火鸡的两倍重。它是澳洲内陆和沿海地区的动物，但它的腿相对短而粗，证明它不如鸸鹋跑得快。坚持人类导致这种鸟灭绝的人说，它们的这种特性使它们很容易受到（be vulnerable to .）捕杀。 在这一“灭绝争论”中，新的学派又建立了。他们赞成人类及气候因素结合导致（be responsible for .）了世界范围巨型动物的灭绝的观点。新的巨鸟资料也削弱了这种争论，原因如下：50，000年前，澳洲气候逐渐变冷；11，000到12，000年前，美洲气温迅速上升。这些完全相异的气候条件正好与巨鸟灭绝时期相吻合（be coincident with）。这说明，无论气候怎样变化，巨型动物还是难逃厄运。在这种情况下（under these conditions），这种结合两种说法的观点就变得与人类导致其灭绝的观点难以区别了。因为在他们看来，气候影响是那么微弱，只有人类的到来才预示了巨型动物的灭绝。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aa couple of years ago, before a trip to china, nicole davis and her us womens volleyball teammates were warned about the prominence (显著、突出) of coach “jenny” lang ping in her native country.“i was pushed over by chinese journalists while i was just trying to put my luggage on the bus,” said davis.known as the “iron hammer” for her punishing spikes(扣球),lang made it possible for china to dominate in the sport in the early 1980s. she was a key player on chinas 1984 olympic gold medal winning team.when the us team arrived for the olympics, lang, 48, who is from beijing, had to take a different route to avoid a crowd of reporters and fans.then came the greatest moment to lang：while the us team was playing in a packed gym, at least 8,000 chinese fans unfurled an american flag.“that really says it all,” davis said. “they look at her as an icon(偶像)im sure its hard for them to see her coaching another country, but they love her so ly that her success is their success.”the loyalty of the chinese fans was tested on friday, when china lost a match to the us.“its a pity that china lost the match, but im still glad that lang pings team won, since she is the pride of chinas volleyball,” said liu chengli, a spectator. “we also cheered for langs victory.”lang said she just tried to stay professional when the two teams meet. “it doesnt matter if we play china or any other team. its the same.” lang said.davis said she and her teammates could not have imagined the passion for volleyball among chinese because the sport was lack of popularity in the us. the rec