状语从句的分类.docx

www.pedu.love状语从句的分类一、时间状语从句Awhen, while, as, whenever;when, while, as表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。1whenwhen表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。When I got home, my family were already having dinner.我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。（when表示点时间）When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。（when表示段时间）He waved hello when he saw her.当他看见她的时候，就挥手打了个招呼。（when表示点时间）When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something.当你认为自己一无所知的时候，就开始知道一些事情了。（when表示段时间）【注意】当when意思是正当时候（and at that moment）时，when只能跟在前一分句之后。He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.他正要上床，忽然门铃响了。They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.他们正看着世界杯比赛，突然灯灭了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。有时when表示虽然，尽管的含义，相当于although或since。He walks when he might take a taxi.尽管可以打的，但他还是步行。How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none既然你不宽恕别人，你自己又怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？2whilewhile通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.她在看报的时候睡着了。while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。I am fond of English while he likes math.我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。We slept while the captain kept watch.我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是虽然。While they love the children, they are strict with them.虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。虽然during 与 while 意思很相近，但是during是介词，不能引导从句。3asas表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket.小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room.吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。as表示 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。They talked as they walked.他们边走边聊。He looked behind from time to time as he went.他一边走，一边不时地往后看。as表示随着，此用法不用when或while替代。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom.随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。4when, while, as的用法区别只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。I got the news on the radio when /while /as I was having breakfast.我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用：aas更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱。I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.你一张嘴我就知道你要说什幺As he grew older, he became less and less active.随着他年龄的增长，他变得越来越不活泼了。【提示】状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。【注意】as 引导时间状语从句表示“当的时候”“在期间”时，该从句的谓语通常是那些表示动作意义的动词，而不能是be(是、在), have(有)，like(喜欢)，belong(属于)等表示状态或静态意义的动词。【误】Im going to the post office.As you are there, can you get me some stamps?【正】Im going to the post office.While you are there, can you get me some stamps?我打算去邮局。当你在邮局的时候，请帮我买几张邮票好吗?正因为 as 引导时间状语从句表示“当的时候”“在期间”时，从句的谓语不能是表示状态或静态意义的动词，所以当下面第一句变为第二句这样的状语从句时，不能再用 as，而应用 when：As a student he had known great poverty.When he was a student he had known great poverty. 他当学生时，经历过很贫困的生活。bwhen更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作，此时不用as或while。When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone.当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态）When I finally got there, the meeting had been on for ten minutes.当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。（从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态）cwhile从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talkingabout my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。d若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用as场合多于when。As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause.他结束讲话时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。5wheneverwhenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。1. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps. A. while B. when C. since D. after2. Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If3._ the days went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As4. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked5. I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurredBbefore, after1beforebefore表示在一段时间之前。I must finish all the work beforeI go home.回家之前我必须干完所有的活。You must first learn to walk before you try to run.在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。He had learned English for three years before he went to London.他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。She didnt go out before she finished her homework.她把作业做完才出去的。(=notuntil)提示：before 从句往往带有否定的含义，常译为：还没等到.就.；还没来得及就趁着还没就。作此意时，从句中常见情态动词can/ could。He ran off before I could stop him.我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。The man hung up the phone before I could answer it.我没坐多久他就回来了。He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我还来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。Ill water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁着天还没黑把花浇好水。Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，后做先生。【必背】before 常用句型 It will be + 时间段+before+ 一般现在时：要等多久才.It will be five years before we meet again.五年以后我们才能再见。It wont be long before+ 一般现在时：等不了多久就会It will not be long before you regret what you have done.不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到后悔的。It was +时间段+before +一般过去时：等了多久就It was minutes before the police arrived.过了几分钟警察才到。It wasnt long before+ 一般过去时：没等多久就It was not long before I realized I was wrong.不久我就意识到我错了。其他变形句型：The war last three years before it finally ended.战争在结束前持续了三年。Three years passed before I finally realized my mistake.过了三年我才意识到我的错误。【对比】It is/ has been +时间段+since +一般过去时：自从以来到现在已经有多长时间It is three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发以来已有三年。2afterafter表在一段时间之后。Lets play football after school is over.放学后我们踢足球吧。The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。1.He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. since D. that2.It was some time _ we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before3. How long do you think it will be _ China sends the second manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before4. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after5.We decided to take a vacation after the whole project_. A. finished B. had finished C. was finished D. had been finished Ctill, until1until till用于肯定句时，表示直到 为止，主句必须为持续性动词。We shall wait until till he comes back.我们将一直等到他回来。 (注意它们的拼写)Everything went well until till that accident happened.直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。2 Notuntil /till表示直到才 ，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till 可用before代替。Not 有时被no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定词所取代。I didnt leave until/till before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。Bells dont ring till /until you strike them.铃不打不响。People do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it.人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散会才能离开。I could hardly understand the theory until my teacher explained it to me.直到老师向我解释我才理解了那个理论。必背：not until句型的倒装句：当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。(Not until+助动词+主语+ 其他)Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了，我才离开的。【注意】until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。not until 句型的强调句：在强调句型(It is/ was not until.that)中一般只能用 until， 不用till。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。1.I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out2.Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when3.“You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. A. because B. since C. when D. until4.It was not _ he took off his dark glasses _ I realized he was a famous singer. A. when，that B. until，that C. until，when D. when，then5.Dont leave the building until youre instructed to do so.(变强调句和倒装句)Dsince, ever since1since自以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。It has been just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。Where have you been since I last saw you自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里？Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。It is three years since he began to smoke.他开始抽烟到现在已三年了。【比较】有时since 从句中也可以用延续性动词，注意它的译法。Tom is now working on the farm. Its two years since he was a college student.汤姆现在农场上班，他大学毕业已有两年了。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟已有三年了。I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以来取得了很大的进步。2ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.自一九五零年结婚以来，他们一直生得很幸福。3since还可以用作副词或介词。The big clock was damaged during the war and has been silent（ever）since.这只大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s. He has been living there（ever）since.我叔叔五十年代就去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。You have made great achievements in your work since graduation.你们自毕业以来已经在工作中取得了巨大成就。Eas soon asas soon as.可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。He will come and see you as soon as he can.他一有空就来看你。He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。【必背】一就还可以用on /upon doing 结构来表示。On arriving home he called up Lester.=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.他一到家就给莱斯特打电话F immediately instantly directly 相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。They phoned her immediately they reached home.他一到家马上就给她打了电话。I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。Gthe moment, the minute, the instant, the second这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一就相当于as soon as。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机。Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.告诉他，他一到我就要见他。The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。Telephone me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一有结果，马上给我打电话。I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 我很累，一合上眼就睡着了。Hhardly when, no soonerthan这两个短语都表示刚就，可以互换,主句通常用去完成时。He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.他刚出发就想起家来。He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points.他刚开始发言,就有人站起来反驳他的论点。【注意】当hardly（=scarcely）, no sooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒。No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.地上的霜一消散，人们就开始工作了。Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.=No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我一回到家，天就开始下起雨来。Ionceonce作连词时，也相当于as soon as，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。Jnext time, the first time, the last time, every time, any time, each time Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你进城一定来看我们。He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。The second time I saw her, she looked like an old woman. 我第二次见到她时，她看上去像一个老太婆。The third time I went there, I found all of them had left and the offices were all empty. 我第三次去那儿时，我发现他们都离开了，所有的办公室都是空的。Every time I see him he looks miserable.我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。Any time you come to London do look me up. 你无论什么时候到伦敦来，一定要来看我。Kby the timeby the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到 时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 (从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)I shall have finished my work by the time you return.在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。(从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时)1.DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?Yes,Igaveittoher_Isawher.A. while B. themoment C. suddenly D. once 2.Iwasjustcomingalongtoseeyou_IranintoMr.Wilson A. as B. while C. then D. when 3. Ithoughtherniceandhonest_Imether. A. firsttime B. forthefirsttime C. thefirsttime D. bythefirsttime 4. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worseAuntil Bwhen Cbefore Das5.Itwaslong_shereturnedmybooktome. A. when B. since C. that D. before 6.Helookedatthetrainmovingoutofthestation_ithaddisappeared. A. when B. until C. after D. since 7.Thisisthefirsttime_here A. Iwas B. Iwillbe C. Ihavebeen D. Ihadbeen 8.He will return the book to you as soon as he _it .A. read B. have read C. reads D. will read9.No sooner had the game begun _ it rained heavily.A. when B. while C. than D. as soon as 10. The bridge _by the time next summer is coming.A. will be finish B. will have been finished C. has been finished D. would be finished 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever（where的强势语）, anywhere和everywhere引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。A. wherewhere 在地方，去地方Wuhan lies here the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。I found my books where I had left them.我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)Keep it where you can see it. 把它放在你看得见的地方。He lives where the climate is mild. 他住在一个气候温暖的地方。【注意】在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】You should put the book at where it was.【正】You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】We should go to where we are needed most.【正】We should go where we are needed most.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。区别where引导的定语从句和状语从句。Put the book where it was. （状语从句）= Put the book at the place where it was. （定语从句）I will go where I am needed most. （状语从句）= I will go to the place where I am needed most. （定语从句）B. whereverwherever在任何地方，无论哪里Wherever you go, you should do your work well.不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。You may sit down wherever you like.你爱坐哪儿就坐哪儿。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。C. everywhereEverywhere they went, they were kindly received.他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。Everywhere Jenny goes shes mistaken for Princess Diana.无论詹妮走到什么地方，她都会被误认为是戴安娜公主。D. anywhereIll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。You cant camp where /wherever /anywhere you like these days. 如今你可不能随意在哪儿宿营。Anywhere she goes, he goes too. 不论她去哪儿，他也去哪儿。【注意】有些地点状语从句中有的词可以省略。Where possible, they tried to acquire colonies. 只要可能，他们就设法取得殖民地。Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 只要可能，就要避免这种结构。1.She found her wallet _ she lost it.A. where B. when C. in which D. that2.The school was built _ there had once been a church.A. where B. when C. in which D. that3.Now he works in the factory _ his father used to work.A. where B. when C. at which D. that4.You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.A. when B. where C. then D. there5.We thought there were 35 students in the dinning hall, _, in fact, there were 40.A. while B. whether C. what D. which三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that等。Abecausebecause因为Because I like it, I do it.因为我喜欢，所以我才干。He couldnt have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。【注意】because等词不能与 so连用。【误】Because he was careless, so he failed in the exam.【正】Because he was careless, he failed in the exam.由于他粗心，所以他考试不及格。【正】He was careless, so he failed in the exam.由于他粗心，所以他考试不及格。because 除用于引导原因状语从句外，还可引出表语从句。It is because he is too foolish. 那是因为他太蠢了。That is because youre eating too much. 那是因为你吃得太多了。汉语说“之所以是因为”，说成英语通常是The reason (why)is that 其中的that最好不用because代替。The reason (why) Im late is that because I missed the bus. 我迟到的原因是因为我没有赶上公共汽车。because后接陈述句；复合介词because of后不能直接跟that从句或者是没有引导词的从句，其后可接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我们对此只字未提。He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting. 他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话。【正】I cant do the work because of my illness. 【正】I cant do the work because Im ill. 【误】I cant do the work because of Im ill.【误】I cant do the work because of that Im ill.由于我的病我不能干这工作。【比较】because 和for的区别。1for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished.【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。2for 表示的是推断解释，because强调动作发生的直接原因。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因）The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因）He went to bed early, because he was tired由于他累了，所以他很早就上了床。（直接的理由）3在强调结构It is wasthat和关联词notbut 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用because。Its because he helped you that Im prepared to help him.正是因为他帮助过你，所以我乐意去帮助他。He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not wantto but because his wife was ill.他决定放弃出国的机会，不是因为他不想去，而是因为他妻子病了。Bsincesince 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不允许你开车。Since you are al here, lets try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。Casas 由于。一般多用于句首。As she was ill, she didnt come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。As he was not well enough, I