跨文化交际Hall’s Culture Context Model.ppt

Hall sCultureContextModel High context Low context EdwardHall thefatherofinterculturalcommunication originatedtheconceptsHigh contextandlow contextcommunicationreferstohowmuchspeakersrelyonthingsotherthanwordstoconveymeaning High context muchinformationisimliedincluesthesituationorsurroundingcircumstances relationshipsofthecommunicators theirfamilybackground title age sex education status socialnetworkslittleprovidedintheverbalmessageitself Low context themajorityoftheinformationiscontainedintheverbalcodethemessageisstatedclearlyandexplicitlywithoutdependingonthecontextofthecommunication CommunicationStyles BackgroundinformationFaceConcernsNonverbalcodes 不用语言的 Mostoftheinformationiseitherinthephysicalcontextorinitializedintheperson Themassofinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode Dense intersectingnetworks long termrelationships strongboundaries relationshipmoreimportantthantask Loose widenetworks shorterterm compartmentalizedrelationships taskmoreimportantthanrelationship High contextculture Low contextculture VS TheStructureofRelationships VS Implicit complicatedpatterns hardtoexplain Explicit consciouslyorganized MainTypeofCulturalKnowledge Relationshipsdependontrust buildupslowly andarestable Relationshipsbeginandendquickly Manypeoplecanbeinsideone scircle circle sboundaryisnotclear Thingsgetdonebyrelationshipswithpeopleandattentiontogroupprocess Thingsgetdonebyfollowingproceduresandpayingattentiontothegoal One sidentityisrootedingroups family culture work One sidentityisrootedinoneselfandone saccomplishments Socialstructureisdecentralized 分散 own Highuseofnonverbalelements voicetone facialexpression gestures andeyemovementcarrysignificantpartsofconversation Messageiscarriedmorebywordsthanbynonverbalmeans Verbalmessageisindirect onetalksaroundthepoint Verbalmessageisdirect onespellsthingsoutexactly Communicationisseenasawayofexchanginginformation ideas andopinions Communicationisseenasanartform awayofengagingsomeone Disagreementispersonalized 个人化 Oneissensitivetoconflictwithanother Conflictmustbesolvedoravoidedbeforework Disagreementisdepersonalized Onewithdrawsfromconflictwithanotherandgetsonwiththetask Focusisonrationalsolutions notpersonalones In groupsandOut groups Inhigh contextculture Out groups In groups Cleardistinction Intimatefriendsgenerally Casualacquaintancesgenerally Inlow contextcultures In groups Out groups notclear cut Changesrapidly ThecommitmentisstronganddeepLoyaltytofamiliesandfriendsSharealotofunspokenrulesincommunication TheextentofinvolvementandcommitmentislowThebondsbetweenpeoplearequitefragileTobeexplicitandarticulateisemphasizedincommunication Inhigh contextcultures Inlow contextcultures OrientationtoTime Inhigh contextculturesTimeisviewedasmoreopenandlessstructured Immediateneeds Timeconstraints Itisokaytola