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徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）任务书 机电工程 学院 机械设计制造及其自动化 专业设计（论文）题目 矿用固定式带式输送机设计 学 生 姓 名 周刚 班 级 05机本（1）班 起 止 日 期 2008.12.262009.05.27 指 导 教 师 陈凤腾 教研室主任 发任务书日期 2009年 月 日1.毕业设计的背景： 带式输送机是连续运行的运输设备，在冶金、采矿、动力、建材等重工业部门及交通运输部门中主要用来运送大量散状货物，如矿石、煤、砂等粉、块状物和包装好的成件物品。带式输送机是煤矿最理想的高效连续运输设备，与其他运输设备相比，不仅具有长距离、大运量、连续输送等优点，而且运行可靠,易于实现自动化、集中化控制,特别是对高产高效矿井，带式输送机已成为煤炭高效开采机电一体化技术与装备的关键设备。2.毕业设计(论文)的内容和要求： 带传动是机械设备中应用较多的传动装置之一，主要有主动轮、从动轮和传动带组成。工作时靠带与带轮之间的摩擦或啮合实现主、从动轮间运动和动力的传递。带传动具有结构简单、传动平稳、价格低廉、缓冲吸振及过载打滑以保护其他零件的优点。 设计内容：1.减速器的设计2.输送机的设计 工作量：1.与课题有关的外文文献翻译不少于4000字；2.设计说明书的字数不少于15000字；3.毕业答辩图纸总量不少于3张A0图纸，其中包括计算机辅助绘图的工作量；3.主要参考文献： （1）陈立德主编，机械设计基础，高等教育出版社。（2）李光布主编，带式输送机动力学及设计，机械工业出版社，李光布主编。（3）汪宗华主编，带式输送机，机械工业出版社。（4）机械制图.大连理工大学工程画教教研室 高等教育出版社（5）陈炳耀,祁开阳主编，带式输送机输送带与滚筒之间的打滑分析煤矿机械出版社。4.毕业设计(论文)进度计划(以周为单位)：起 止 日 期工 作 内 容备 注第 1 周第 2 周第 3 周第 4 周第 5 周第 6 周 第 7 周第 8 周第 9 周第10周第11周第12周第13周第14周第15周第16周了解设计的基本要求，查阅相关资料查阅相关资料，写开题报告外文资料翻译设计方案比较选择机械部分总体设计机械部分设计计算机械部分设计计算带式输送机设计计算带式输送机设计计算驱动装置的选用与设计绘制机械图绘制机械图撰写毕业设计说明书撰写毕业设计说明书答辩准备答辩教研室审查意见： 室主任 年 月 日学院审查意见： 教学院长 年 月 日徐州工程学院大学毕业设计（论文）开题报告（学生填表）院系： 机电工程学院 2009 年2 月18 日课题名称矿用固定式带式输送机设计学生姓名周刚专业班级机本一课题类型设计类指导教师陈凤腾职称讲师课题来源1. 设计（或研究）的依据与意义 带式输送机是煤矿最理想的高效连续运输设备，它与其它运输设备如机车类相比，不仅具有长距离、大运量、连续输送等优点，而且运行可靠，易于实现自动化、集中化控制，特别是对高产高效矿井，带式输送机已成为煤炭高效开采机电一体化技术与装备的关键设备。随着我国高产高效矿井的出现，原有的带式输送机无论是主参数还是运行性能都已不能满足高产高效的要求，必须向长距离、高带速、大运量、大功率的大型化方向发展。目前国外带式输送机的主参数已达到：运距L=30.4Km，运量Q=37500t/h，带速V=615m/s，带宽B=4m。比国内要大得多，运行性能尤其是工作可靠性更要好得多。带式输送机大型化与高可靠性要求，对设计者和制造者提出了更高的要求，只有解决了带式输送机发展的关键技术，才能制造出高性能高可靠性的大型带式输送机。2. 国内外同类设计（或同类研究）的概况综述 八十年代末期以来，我国的煤矿用带式输送机也有了很大的发展，对其关键技术研究和新产品开发都取得了可喜的成果。输送机产品系列不断增多，从定型的SDJ、SSJ、STJ、DT等系列发展到多功能、适应特种用途的各种带式输送机系列，如国家“七五”攻关项目-大倾角带式输送机成套设备、“九五”攻关项目-高产高效工作面顺槽可伸缩带式输送机等都填补了国内空白，开发了大倾角、长距离输送原煤的新型带式输送机系列产品，并对带式输送机的关键技术及其主要元部件进行了理论研究和产品开发，应用动态分析技术和中间驱动与智能化控制等技术，研制成功了多种软起动和制动装置及以 PLC为核心的可编程电控装置。但与国外相比其机型一般都偏小，特别是带速通常均不超过 4m/s，对高带速输送机及其动态设计与计算机监控等关键技术问题缺乏实践经验，由于带速普遍较低，许多设计单位仍延用以往的静态设计法，用加大输送带安全系数的方法来提高设计的可靠性，其结果不仅增大了设备成本，而且降低了设备运行的可靠性，此外，我国输送机制造企业追求小而全模式，未能像国外一样形成大规模的元部件专业生产厂或加工中心，致使元部件设计与制造水平得不到有效提高。国内外高产高效矿井的原煤运输系统，基本上都是采用带式输送机作连续运输，且输送机的主参数正在向大型化与自动化方向发展。以刚体动力学为基础的带式输送机的一套常规的标准设计，已不适用大型带式输送机的设计。大型带式输送机主参数要比一般带式输送机大得多以及煤矿井下运输的某些特殊工况要求，使得关键技术显得尤为突出，但往往某些关键技术在国内还不被人们所重视。当今国内外带式输送机技术发展迅速，其中某些技术如带式输送机动态设计与分析技术已进入当今世界高新技术领域，但在国内刚起步，还没有真正应用到设计中去，因而国内外大型带式输送机技术水平存有一个不小的差距。只有采用新技术，大力开展输送机关键技术的研究，尽快攻克这些关键技术，才能使我国煤矿井下用大型带式输送机设计水平、运转性能与可靠性有一个质的飞跃，真正满足煤矿高产高效的要求。3. 课题设计（或研究）的内容 选择电动机；计算传动装置的运动和动力参数；传动零件、轴的设计计算；轴承、联轴器、润滑、密封、和联接件的选择及校核计算；箱体结构及其附件的设计；绘制装配工作图及零件工作图；编写设计计算说明书。4. 设计（或研究）方法在带式输送机传动滚筒的设计中, 国内外已开始应用的较为流行的现代设计方法有弹性力学方法、有限单元法及优化设计方法。其中以有限单元法的应用最为常见, 同时它也是一种分析复杂结构或多自由度系统的十分有效的方法5. 实施计划：第67周 查资料，写任务书和开题报告。：第810周 设计，画图，写论文草稿。：第1116周 完整图纸，包括A1计算机图。：第17周 整理论文，打印，装订。：第18周 准备答辩。6. 主要参考文献 （1）陈立德主编，机械设计基础，高等教育出版社。 （2）北京起重运输机械研究所主编，DT（A）型带式输送机设计手册，冶金工业出版社。 （3）汪宗华主编，带式输送机，机械工业出版社。 （4）机械化运输设计手册编委会，机械化运输设计手册M，机械工业出版社. 1997年5月。 （5）陈炳耀,祁开阳主编，带式输送机输送带与滚筒之间的打滑分析，煤矿机械出版社。 （6）张文芳,段志强,边会杰主编，带式输送机防跑偏辊及清扫器的使用与研究，河北煤炭。 （7）李光布主编，带式输送机动力学及设计，机械工业出版社，李光布主编。指导教师意见指导教师签字： 年 月 日研究所（教研室）意见研究所所长（教研室主任）签字： 年 月 日附录英文原文A Comparison of Soft Start Mechanisms for Mining Belt ConveyorsMichael L. Nave, P.E.CONSOL Inc.1800 Washington Road Pittsburgh, PA 15241 Belt Conveyors are an important method for transportation of bulk materials in the mining industry. The control of the application of the starting torque from the belt drive system to the belt fabric affects the performance, life cost, and reliability of the conveyor. This paper examines applications of each starting method within the coal mining industry.INTRODUCTIONThe force required to move a belt conveyor must be transmitted by the drive pulley via friction between the drive pulley and the belt fabric. In order to transmit power there must be a difference in the belt tension as it approaches and leaves the drive pulley. These conditions are true for steady state running, starting, and stopping. Traditionally, belt designs are based on static calculations of running forces. Since starting and stopping are not examined in detail, safety factors are applied to static loadings (Harrison, 1987). This paper will primarily address the starting or acceleration duty of the conveyor. The belt designer must control starting acceleration to prevent excessive tension in the belt fabric and forces in the belt drive system (Suttees, 1986). High acceleration forces can adversely affect the belt fabric, belt splices, drive pulleys, idler pulleys, shafts, bearings, speed reducers, and couplings. Uncontrolled acceleration forces can cause belt conveyor system performance problems with vertical curves, excessive belt take-up movement, loss of drive pulley friction, spillage of materials, and festooning of the belt fabric. The belt designer is confronted with two problems, The belt drive system must produce a minimum torque powerful enough to start the conveyor, and controlled such that the acceleration forces are within safe limits. Smooth starting of the conveyor can be accomplished by the use of drive torque control equipment, either mechanical or electrical, or a combination of the two (CEM, 1979).SOFT START MECHANISM EVALUATION CRITERIONWhat is the best belt conveyor drive system? The answer depends on many variables. The best system is one that provides acceptable control for starting, running, and stopping at a reasonable cost and with high reliability (Lewdly and Sugarcane, 1978). Belt Drive System For the purposes of this paper we will assume that belt conveyors are almost always driven by electrical prime movers (Goodyear Tire and Rubber, 1982). The belt drive system shall consist of multiple components including the electrical prime mover, the electrical motor starter with control system, the motor coupling, the speed reducer, the low speed coupling, the belt drive pulley, and the pulley brake or hold back (Cur, 1986). It is important that the belt designer examine the applicability of each system component to the particular application. For the purpose of this paper, we will assume that all drive system components are located in the fresh air, non-permissible, areas of the mine, or in non-hazardous, National Electrical Code, Article 500 explosion-proof, areas of the surface of the mine.Belt Drive Component Attributes Size.Certain drive components are available and practical in different size ranges. For this discussion, we will assume that belt drive systems range from fractional horsepower to multiples of thousands of horsepower. Small drive systems are often below 50 horsepower. Medium systems range from 50 to 1000 horsepower. Large systems can be considered above 1000 horsepower. Division of sizes into these groups is entirely arbitrary. Care must be taken to resist the temptation to over motor or under motor a belt flight to enhance standardization. An over motored drive results in poor efficiency and the potential for high torques, while an under motored drive could result in destructive overspending on regeneration, or overheating with shortened motor life (Lords, et al., 1978).Torque Control. Belt designers try to limit the starting torque to no more than 150% of the running torque (CEMA, 1979; Goodyear, 1982). The limit on the applied starting torque is often the limit of rating of the belt carcass, belt splice, pulley lagging, or shaft deflections. On larger belts and belts with optimized sized components, torque limits of 110% through 125% are common (Elberton, 1986). In addition to a torque limit, the belt starter may be required to limit torque increments that would stretch belting and cause traveling waves. An ideal starting control system would apply a pretension torque to the belt at rest up to the point of breakaway, or movement of the entire belt, then a torque equal to the movement requirements of the belt with load plus a constant torque to accelerate the inertia of the system components from rest to final running speed. This would minimize system transient forces and belt stretch (Shultz, 1992). Different drive systems exhibit varying ability to control the application of torques to the belt at rest and at different speeds. Also, the conveyor itself exhibits two extremes of loading. An empty belt normally presents the smallest required torque for breakaway and acceleration, while a fully loaded belt presents the highest required torque. A mining drive system must be capable of scaling the applied torque from a 2/1 ratio for a horizontal simple belt arrangement, to a 10/1 ranges for an inclined or complex belt profile.Thermal Rating. During starting and running, each drive system may dissipate waste heat. The waste heat may be liberated in the electrical motor, the electrical controls, the couplings, the speed reducer, or the belt braking system. The thermal load of each start Is dependent on the amount of belt load and the duration of the start. The designer must fulfill the application requirements for repeated starts after running the conveyor at full load. Typical mining belt starting duties vary from 3 to 10 starts per hour equally spaced, or 2 to 4 starts in succession. Repeated starting may require the dreading or over sizing of system components. There is a direct relationship between thermal rating for repeated starts and costs. Variable Speed. Some belt drive systems are suitable for controlling the starting torque and speed, but only run at constant speed. Some belt applications would require a drive system capable of running for extended periods at less than full speed. This is useful when the drive load must be shared with other drives, the belt is used as a process feeder for rate control of the conveyed material, the belt speed is optimized for the haulage rate, the belt is used at slower speeds to transport men or materials, or the belt is run a slow inspection or inching speed for maintenance purposes (Hager, 1991). The variable speed belt drive will require a control system based on some algorithm to regulate operating speed. Regeneration or Overhauling Load. Some belt profiles present the potential for overhauling loads where the belt system supplies energy to the drive system. Not all drive systems have the ability to accept regenerated energy from the load. Some drives can accept energy from the load and return it to the power line for use by other loads. Other drives accept energy from the load and dissipate it into designated dynamic or mechanical braking elements. Some belt profiles switch from motoring to regeneration during operation. Can the drive system accept regenerated energy of a certain magnitude for the application? Does the drive system have to control or modulate the amount of retarding force during overhauling? Does the overhauling occur when running and starting? Maintenance and Supporting Systems. Each drive system will require periodic preventative maintenance. Replaceable items would include motor brushes, bearings, brake pads, dissipation resistors, oils, and cooling water. If the drive system is conservatively engineered and operated, the lower stress on consumables will result in lower maintenance costs. Some drives require supporting systems such as circulating oil for lubrication, cooling air or water, environmental dust filtering, or computer instrumentation. The maintenance of the supporting systems can affect the reliability of the drive system.Cost. The drive designer will examine the cost of each drive system. The total cost is the sum of the first capital cost to acquire the drive, the cost to install and commission the drive, the cost to operate the drive, and the cost to maintain the drive. The cost for power to operate the drive may vary widely with different locations. The designer strives to meet all system performance requirements at lowest total cost. Often more than one drive system may satisfy all system performance criterions at competitive costs.Complexity. The preferred drive arrangement is the simplest, such as a single motor driving through a single head pulley. However, mechanical, economic, and functional requirements often necessitate the use of complex drives. The belt designer must balance the need for sophistication against the problems that accompany complex systems. Complex systems require additional design engineering for successful deployment. An often-overlooked cost in a complex system is the cost of training onsite personnel, or the cost of downtime as a result of insufficient training.SOFT START DRIVE CONTROL LOGICEach drive system will require a control system to regulate the starting mechanism. The most common type of control used on smaller to medium sized drives with simple profiles is termed Open Loop Acceleration Control. In open loop, the control system is previously configured to sequence the starting mechanism in a prescribed manner, usually based on time. In open loop control, drive-operating parameters such as current, torque, or speed do not influence sequence operation. This method presumes that the control designer has adequately modeled drive system performance on the conveyor. For larger or more complex belts, Closed Loop or Feedback control may he utilized. In closed loop control, during starting, the control system monitors via sensors drive operating parameters such as current level of the motor, speed of the belt, or force on the belt, and modifies the starting sequence to control, limit, or optimize one or wore parameters. Closed loop control systems modify the starting applied force between an empty and fully loaded conveyor. The constants in the mathematical model related to the measured variable versus the system drive response are termed the tuning constants. These constants must be properly adjusted for successful application to each conveyor. The most common schemes for closed loop control of conveyor starts are tachometer feedback for speed control and load cell force or drive force feedback for torque control. On some complex systems, It is desirable to have the closed loop control system adjust itself for various encountered conveyor conditions. This is termed Adaptive Control. These extremes can involve vast variations in loadings, temperature of the belting, location of the loading on the profile, or multiple drive options on the conveyor. There are three common adaptive methods. The first involves decisions made before the start, or Restart Conditioning. If the control system could know that the belt is empty, it would reduce initial force and lengthen the application of acceleration force to full speed. If the belt is loaded, the control system would apply pretension forces under stall for less time and supply sufficient torque to adequately accelerate the belt in a timely manner. Since the belt only became loaded during previous running by loading the drive, the average drive current can be sampled when running and retained in a first-in-first-out buffer memory that reflects the belt conveyance time. Then at shutdown the FIFO average may be use4 to precondition some open loop and closed loop set points for the next start. The second method involves decisions that are based on drive observations that occur during initial starting or Motion Proving. This usually involves a comparison In time of the drive current or force versus the belt speed. if the drive current or force required early in the sequence is low and motion is initiated, the belt must be unloaded. If the drive current or force required is high and motion is slow in starting, the conveyor must be loaded. This decision can be divided in zones and used to modify the middle and finish of the start sequence control. The third method involves a comparison of the belt speed versus time for this start against historical limits of belt acceleration, or Acceleration Envelope Monitoring. At start, the belt speed is measured versus time. This is compared with two limiting belt speed curves that are retained in control system memory. The first curve profiles the empty belt when accelerated, and the second one the fully loaded belt. Thus, if the current speed versus time is lower than the loaded profile, it may indicate that the belt is overloaded, impeded, or drive malfunction. If the current speed versus time is higher than the empty profile, it may indicate a broken belt, coupling, or drive malfunction. In either case, the current start is aborted and an alarm issued.CONCLUSIONThe best belt starting system is one that provides acceptable performance under all belt load Conditions at a reasonable cost with high reliability. No one starting system meets all needs. The belt designer must define the starting system attributes that are required for each belt. In general, the AC induction motor with full voltage starting is confined to small belts with simple profiles. The AC induction motor with reduced voltage SCR starting is the base case mining starter for underground belts from small to medium sizes. With recent improvements, the AC motor with fixed fill fluid couplings is the base case for medium to large conveyors with simple profiles. The Wound Rotor Induction Motor drive is the traditional choice for medium to large belts with repeated starting duty or complex profiles that require precise torque control. The DC motor drive, Variable Fill Hydrokinetic drive, and the Variable Mechanical Transmission drive compete for application on belts with extreme profiles or variable speed at running requirements. The choice is dependent on location environment, competitive price, operating energy losses, speed response, and user familiarity. AC Variable Frequency drive and Brush less DC applications are limited to small to medium sized belts that require precise speed control due to higher present costs and complexity. However, with continuing competitive and technical improvements, the use of synthesized waveform electronic drives will expand.徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)中文翻译煤矿业带式输送机几种软起动方式的比较Michael L. Nave, P.E.统一公司1800 年华盛顿路匹兹堡, PA 15241带式运送机是采矿工业运输大批原料的重要方法。从传送带驱动系统到传送带纹理结构启动力矩的应用和控制影响着运送机的性能，寿命和可靠性。本文考查了不同启动方法在煤矿工业带式运送机中的应用。简介运行带式运送机的动力必须由驱动滑轮产生，通过滑轮和传送带之间的摩擦力来传递。为了传递能量，传送带上面的张力在接近滑轮部分和离开滑轮部分必定存在着差别。这种差别在稳定运行、启动和停止时刻都是真实存在的。传统传送带结构的设计，都是根据稳定运行情况下传送带的受力情况。因为设计过程中没有详尽研究传送带启动和停止阶段的受力情况，所有的安全措施都集中在稳定运行阶段（Harrison 1987）。本文主要集中讲述传送机启动和加速阶段的特性。传送带设计者在设计时必须考虑控制启动阶段的加速状况，以免使传送带和传送机驱动系统产生过大的张力和动力（Suttees，1986）。大加速度产生的动力会给传送带的纹理、传送带结合处、驱动滑轮、轴承、减速器以及耦合器带来负面影响。毫无控制的加速度产生的动力能够引起带式传送机系统产生诸多不良问题，比如上下曲线运动、过度传送带提升运动、滑轮和传送带打滑、运输原料的溢出和传送带结构。传送带的设计需要面对两个问题：第一，传送带驱动系统必须能够产生启动带式传送机的最小转动力矩；第二，控制加速度产生动力在安全界限内。可以通过驱动力矩控制设备来完成，控制设备可以是电子手段也可以是机械手段，也可以是两者的组合（CEM，1979）。本文主要阐述输送机的开始和加速的过程。传送带设计师必须控制开始加速度防止过度张紧在传送带织品和力量在皮带传动系统. 强加速度力量可能有害地影响传送带织品，传送带接合，驱动皮带轮，更加无所事事的滑轮, 轴, 轴承, 速度还原剂, 并且联结。未管制的加速度力量可能造成皮带输送机有垂直的曲线的系统性能问题,传送带紧线器运动, 驱动皮带轮摩擦损失, 材料溢出, 并且做成花彩传送带织品。传送带设计员与二个问题被面对, 皮带传动系统必须导致极小的扭矩足够强有力开始传动机, 和控制了这样加速度强制是在安全限额内。光滑开始传动机可能由对驱动器扭矩控制设备的用途, 或机械或电子, 或组合的二完成(CEM 1979) 。软起动结构评估标准什么是最佳的皮带输送机驱动系统? 答案取决于许多变量。最佳的系统是一个为开始, 运行, 和终止提供可接受的控制在合理的费用和以及高可靠性。皮带传动系统为本文我们考虑的设计方案, 皮带输送机被电子头等搬家工人几乎总驱动。传送带驱动系统 将包括多个要素包括电子原动力、电子马达起始者以控制系统, 马达联结、速度还原剂、低速联结、皮带传动滑轮、和滑轮闸 (Cur 1986) 。它重要, 传送带设计员审查各个系统要素的适用性对特殊申请。为本文的目的, 我们假设, 所有驱动系统要素设置矿的新鲜空气, 非允许, 面积,全国电子编码, 条款500 防爆, 矿的表面的面积。皮带传动要素归因于范围。某些驱动器要素是可利用和实用的用不同的范围。为这论述, 我们假设那皮带传动系统范围从分数马力对千位的多个马力。小驱动系统经常是在50 马力以下。中型系统范围从50 到1000 马力。大型系统可能被考虑在1000 马力之上。范围分部入这些组是整个地任意的。必须被保重抵抗诱惑对超出马达或在马达之下传送带飞行提高标准化。驱动器结果在粗劣的效率和在高扭矩的潜在, 当驱动器能导致破坏性超速在再生, 或过度加热以变短的马达寿命。扭矩控制。传送带设计员设法限制开始的扭矩到没有比150% 运行中。限额在应用的开始的扭矩经常是传送带胴体肉、传送带接合、滑轮绝热材料,轴偏折评级。在更大的传送带和传送带以优化大小的要素, 扭矩限额110% 至125% 是公用。除扭矩限额之外, 传送带起始者必需限制会舒展围绕和会导致旅行的波浪的扭矩增量。一个理想的开始的控制系统会适用于资格整个传送带的扭矩传送带休息由问题的脱离决定, 或运动, 然后扭矩相等与传送带的运动需求以负荷加上恒定的扭矩从休息加速系统要素的惯性对最终奔跑速度。这使系统临时强制和传送带舒展。不同的驱动系统陈列变化的能力控制扭矩的申请对传送带休息和以不同的速度。并且, 传动机陈列装载二个极端。一条空传送带正常存在最小的必需的扭矩为脱离和加速度, 当一条充分地被装载的传送带存在最高的必需的扭矩。开采驱动系统必须是能称应用的扭矩从一个2/1 比率为一个水平的简单传送带安排, 对一个10/1 范围为一个倾斜、复杂传送带配置文件。 热量评级在开始和运行期间, 各个驱动系统也许消散废热。废热也许被解放在电子马达、电子控制、, 联结、速度还原剂, 或传送带制动系统。各个起始时间热量负荷依靠相当数量传送带负荷和起始时间的期限。设计员必须履行被重复的起始时间的申请需求在运行传动机以后在全负荷。典型的开采传送带开始的责任变化从3到10 个起始时间每时数等隔,或2到4 个起始时间在连续。被重复的开始也许要求减税或系统要素。有一个直接关系在热量评级为被重复的起始时间和费用之间。可变速度。一些皮带传动系统是适当的为控制开始的扭矩和速度, 但只运行以恒定的速度。一些传送带申请会要求一个驱动系统能运行延长的期间以较不比最高速度。这是有用的当驱动器负荷必须与其它驱动器被共享,传送带被使用当处理饲养者为被表达的物料的费率控制, 传送带速度被优选为货车使用费费率,传送带被使用以慢速运输人工或材料, 或传送带运行缓慢的检验或移动速度为维护目的。可变速度皮带传动将要求一个控制系统根据某一算法调控操作速度。再生或翻修负荷。一些传送带配