河南开封市高考英语一轮 阅读理解训练（10）.doc

开封市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（10）附答案in his 1930 essay “economic possibilities for our grandchildren”， john keynes，a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows. he thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(无止境的), this is not true of absolute needs. keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. he was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands. decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. when a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals. there are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. for example, porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. but in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. people who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. to get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price. by placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, keynes actually reduced such demands. however, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits. 72. according to the passage, john keynes believed that_.a. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs b. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority c. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands d. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs 73. what do we know about the couple in paragraph 3? a. they want to show their superiority. b. they find specialty important to meals. c. their demands for food are not easily satisfied. d. their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality. 74. what does the underlined word “escalation” in paragraph 4 probably mean? a. understanding. b. increase. c. difference. d. study. 75. the author of the passage argues that _. a. absolute needs have no limits b. demands for quality are not insatiable chuman desires influence ideas of qualityd. relative needs decide most of our spending 【要点综述】本文就人的需要的分类进行了论述。作者首先叙述了对john keynes观点的部分认同，但其后则是对其观点的批驳。该文作者认为，人的需要在很大程度上是对质量的无尽追求。72. c细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句说明john keynes需要论的观点：相对需要是无止境的。73. d推理判断题。从该段第一句可知作者在该段一再强调的是质量需求的重要性。这对夫妇在外面就餐庆祝结婚周年即体现了对该顿晚餐的选择与对其质量的要求相关。74. b词义猜测题。从该段材料对保时捷的改进及人们对此改进趋之若鹜的追求来看，人们对质量需求是不断提高的。因此可断定该词含义为“提高”。75. a推理判断题。第一段对john keynes关于absolute needs的观点进行了肯定和质疑，而下文提出质量需求是无止境的。该题主要说明作者对john keynes关于relative needs是无止境的论断的质疑。干扰最大的是b选项，该观点是作者的观点，而不是被质疑的观点。该题题干中的argue在此是“质疑和争辩”的意思。*结束 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项 a women enjoy free time less than men, a new study finds. and its getting worse. when men have free time, they feel less rushed. however, women do not feel less rushed after work. the results suggest that mothers in particular feel the pressures of children and housework even when they have time to relax. the meanings of free time for men and women are quite different, said saver, the assistant professor of this study. the study was based on two national surveys, one in the mid-1970s involving 708 people and the other in the late 1990s with 1,151 participants. the participants kept diaries on how they spent a specific 24-hour period. they were also asked how often they felt rushed during a typical day - never, sometimes or always. the workload increased for women between 1975 and 1998, especially in comparison with men. in 1975, women and men had similar amounts of free time, but by 1998 women had had less leisure time than men. women worked more hours in paid employment in 1998 than they did in 1975, saver said. the amount of time they spent in household labor decreased during that period, but not enough to offset (抵消) the increase in paid work hours. the chance of feeling sometimes or always rushed was more than twice as high for married women with children than it was for single, childless women, but men who were married and had children didnt feel more rushed than single, childless men. saver said other research suggests women still feel more responsible for taking care of children and housework, even if men are doing more than they once did.1. which of the following is true according to the passage? a. women wont think about their children or housework when they have free time. b. when men have free time, they will feel as rushed as when they are busy. c. men spend more time at work than before, but they feel less rushed. d. after marriage, men also help to do some housework.2. the purpose of the author writing this article is to_. a. encourage women to enjoy more free time b. introduce the results of current research c. describe the differences between men and women d. explain the reasons for womens pressures3. compared with single, childless men, men who were married _. a. had to spend more time on work b. had to do more housework c. could enjoy less leisure time d. didnt feel more rushed4. what would be the best title for the passage? a. men hold more social responsibilities b. women suffer from more illnesses c. women feel more rushed than men d. men get more rewards from work 参考答案 dbdc*结束with rising gas prices，its no wonder the search for gasoline alternatives(替代品) has suddenly taken on a new urgency.one of the laboratoriesa high school in brooklynis where students are using cooking oil to run their experimental engine.and as education reporter art mcfarland discovered，it appears to be working.students at automotive high school have taken a gas alternative lesson a step further.they have perfected a project that runs this cars engine，with used cooking oil.lamar taylor，“i think its a great project because its better for the environment.”vehicles that run on alternative fuels are part of a cutting edge technology.the automotive high project began after a dieselpowered mercedes was donated to the school two years ago.thomas cassino，mechanics teacher，“the original diesel engine.was actually produced to run on vegetable oil and whale oil.”the oil running the engine was collected from the school cafeteria and from restaurants，then placed into a converter，which heats it up while the engine starts using the diesel fuel.with the flip(轻击) of a switch，the engine is cooking with oil，though collecting it can have drawbacks.melissa silberman，principal，“once they started running the car，they didnt want to eat in the cafeteria any more because what the french fries(炸薯条) were cooked in werent so attractive if it can run a car.”and it has its advantages.curtis giscombe，student，“it smells like the back of mcdonalds.it smells like french fries.”the students are not likely to influence the more widespread use of alternative fuels，but if the day comes when lots more cars are running on cooking oil，the students will be prepared to service them.1what would be the best title for the text?athe future alternative to gasolinebrising gas prices drive experimental engineccooking oil finds its new usesdstudents use cooking oil to power an engine2the importance of using cooking oil to run engines is that it can .aprotect the environmentbsave the gascoffer cars good smelldbring down the gas price3according to the seventh paragraph， .athe car is full of french friesbthe car makes people eat nothingcthe car makes people not want to eat in the cafeteriadthe car is a moving cafeteria4about the future of the car running on cooking oil，we know that .athe day for cars widely using cooking oil is long to comebit will have a great effect on the oil marketcthe students may build a service company soondno one wants to use cooking oil for their cars1just as they came round the next bend the engine broke down and came to a stop. (完形填空第五段)正当他们绕过下一个弯时，发动机熄火停了下来。(1)the telephone system has broken down.电话系统失灵了。(2)negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双方谈判已经破裂。2on both sides grew thick unknown trees. (完形填空最后一段)河的两边长满了茂密的不知名的树木。(1)through the window came in wafts of intoxicating fragrance.从窗子里吹进一阵阵醉人的清香。(2)on the winding path were to be found footprints of some strange animals.沿着曲折的小道可以发现一些奇异野兽的足迹。3and as education reporter art mcfarland discovered，it appears to be working.(阅读理解第一段)正如教育报记者art mcfarland看到的那样，机器开始运转了。(1)as might be expected，john was admitted to the university.约翰被大学录取了，这是可以预料到的。(2)more american troops are being sent to the middle east，as i have learnt from the newspaper.我从报纸上得知，更多的美国部队正在被派往中东。4once they started running the car，they didnt want to eat in the cafeteria any more. (阅读理解第七段)车一发动，他们就不再想吃餐厅里的东西(1)the ship sank below the water，and wasnt seen any more.轮船沉没在浪涛之下，再也见不到了。(2)they decided not to take part in asian games any more.参考答案. 1d2a3c4a*结束the diary of a young girl is a book based on the writings from a diary written by anne frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the nazi occupation of the netherlands. anne frank began to keep a diary on her thirteenth birthday, 12 june 1942, three weeks before going into hiding with her mother edith, father otto, sister margot and four other people. with the assistance of a group of otto franks trusted colleagues they remained hidden for two years and one month. they were arrested in 1944 and sent to separate nazi concentration camps. anne frank finally died of typhus(斑疹伤寒) in the bergen-belsen concentration camp shortly (about two weeks) before liberation by british troops in april 1945. of the group of eight, only otto frank, annes father, survived the war. after the war, he got back the diary that was saved and kept by his friend.when otto frank read his daughters diary, he was astonished. i never knew my little anne was so deep. anne franks story has become an example of jewish suffering under adolf hitler, and a warning of the consequences of racism and persecution(迫害).there has been guess about the identity of kitty, who in annes revised diary is the only receiver of her letters. it was once thought that the name referred to kitty egyedi, a prewar friend of franks. however, kitty egyedi said in an interview that she was flattered by the assumption but doubted the diary was addressed to her: “kitty became so idealized and started to lead her own life in the diary. the name . is not meant to be me.”the characters fictional(虚构的) origin was proved undoubtedly later. anne had expressed the desire in the introduction of her diary for one person that she could call her truest friend, that is, a person to whom she could confide her deepest thoughts and feelings. she observed that she had many friends, but (by her own definition) no true, dear friend with whom she could share her innermost thoughts. in fact, the closest friend anne had during her tragically short life