英语强化训练.doc

边看边朗读边看边朗读边看边朗读边看边朗读边看边朗读边看边朗读高中应掌握的+ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的-afriendlysmile友好的微笑fatherly像父亲的-afatherlyteacher一位父亲式的教师lovely可爱的-alovelygirl一位可爱的姑娘lively活泼的-alivelychild一位活泼的小孩lonely孤独的-alonelytraveller一位孤独的旅客deadly致命的-adeadlyblow致命的一击silly傻的，无聊. -a silly question愚蠢的问题orderly秩序的-an orderly mind有条不紊的头脑manly男子气概的-a manly person具有男子气概的人daily每日的-daily work日常工作weekly每星期的-a weekly magazine周刊yearly每年的-a yearly income年收入a saintly smile一丝圣洁的微笑a scholarly look看起来象一个学者the nightly bulletin on television 电视台的晚间新闻brotherly兄弟般的cowardly懦夫般的beastly野兽般的ghostly鬼一样的sightly calligraphy悦目的书法，sightly building漂亮的建筑物shapely样子好看的，匀称的a sickly child多病的孩子a cleanly girl爱干净的姑娘a lowly cottage一间卑劣的小屋里a kindly heart 一颗善良的心their deadly enemy他们的死敌homely家常的，质朴的earthly地球的，人间的comely标致的，秀丽的costly昂贵的motherly慈母的seemly适宜的，合乎礼仪的a seemly manner定语从句复习讲义、课件、视频一、讲义The Attributive Clause1. Put the two sentences into one, using the Attributive Clause.This is our school. We live and study here every day._2.Make a sentence with the words and the sentence.Lin Qiaozhi/Chinese/a doctor/She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children._3.Fill in the blanks with proper relatives.Restrictive clause先行词成分主语宾语定语状语人物时间地点原因Nonrestrictive clause先行词成分主语宾语定语状语人物时间地点原因4.Fill in the blanks with relatives, using propositions where necessary.1) He is the professor _is named Tom.2) He is the professor _name is Tom.3) He is the professor _the name is Tom.4) This is the novel _was read by Tom.5) This is the novel _ you read.6) This is the novel _ cover was broken.7) This is the novel _ the cover was broken.8) This is the novel the cover _ was broken.9) That is the day _ he went to college.10) That is the day _ he went to college on.11) That is the day _ he will never forget.12) That is the day _ must be remembered.13) This is the place _ he used to live.14) This is the place _ he used to live in.15) This is the place _ he visited before.16) I dont believe the reason _ he was late for school .17) I dont believe the reason _ he was late for school for .18) I dont believe the reason _ he gave me .19) I want to read such a book _ you read.20) I want to read a book such _ you read.21) I want to read the same book _ you read.22) I want to read a book the same _ you read.23) I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother.5. Fill in the blanks with suitable relatives, using propositions where necessary.1. The man _ she married last year was a soldier. The man _ she was married was a soldier.2. The day _ she spent with us was never to be forgotten.The day _ she played with us was never to be forgotten.3. Is this the factory _ you visited last week. Is this factory _ you visited last week.4. The house _ window faces south is for the doctor. The house _ faces south is for the doctor.5. She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt agree. She brought forward a plan _ we couldnt accept.6. The invention _ she spent 2 years will do well to the world. The invention _ took her 2 years will do well to the world.7. The English subject, _ I do well, is important in middle schools. The English subject, _ I have mastered well, is important in middle school.8. Tom, _ I went to the concert, is a friend of mine. Tom,_ bicycle 1 went to the concert, is a friend of mine.9. The place _ you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for years. The place _ you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be.10. She will fly to Washington,_ is the capital of the U.S. She will fly to Washington,_ she can enjoy herself.11. The story happened on a day _ the weather was wet and cold. The story happened on a day _ was wet and cold.12. The sun heats the earth,_ we all know. The sun heats the earth,_ makes it possible to grow crops.13. Tom,_ we had expected, got the 1st place in the competition. Tom,_ we had expected to help us, didnt even show his face .6.Translate the short passage, using the Attributive Clause as many as possible.这是教我们英语的老师，旁边是她的女儿，她女儿的名字叫陈雅丽。这张照片是在南京拍摄的；众所周知，南京是六朝古都，是个美丽的城市。新年就要到了，到时她会再去拜访它。二、课件2-9-8-2-1定语从句就这么简单(2011-10-13 12:18:55) 转载标签： 语法定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词功能省略成分教育分类： 语法专栏 一、2-两个概念：先行词和引导词（关系词）二、9-九个关系词：六代三副六代：who, whom, whose, which, that, as三副：where, when, why三、8-八个只用that的情况：口诀：两代限行特有序 还有这那和表语 只用that要牢记解释：两：先行词即有人又有物时；He spoke of the factories and workers that he had visited.代：先行词为All, little,much, few, everything, anything, none等代词，或被all, every, any, much, little, few，no 修饰时；I will tell you all that she told me at the palace ball. (宫廷舞会) You can take any room that you like.限：先行词被the very, the only, the same, the right, the last修饰限定时； You are the only person that I admired a lot.形：先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；This is the best TV play that Ive ever watched.有：在以which或who为首的特殊疑问句中；Who is the man that is talking to John? Which is the book that is well worth reading?序：先行词是序数词，或被其修饰时；When speaking of the cities of the USA, the first that comes to my mind is New York. (本身)主句以there be, here be开头的句子： There is a house in the village that is very old. Here is the book that you ordered.表语：先行词在定语从句中做表语。China is not the one that she is used to be. Tom is not the man that he used to be.四、2-两种形式：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句Her husband/father/mother who works in Beijing is a famous doctor. (限制性定从，这样的句子会让人笑掉大牙：还有别的，不在北京工作的夫、爸、妈，不只一个。)Her husband/father/mother, who works in Beijing, is a famous doctor.(非限制性定从，正确的表达：一共只有一夫、爸、妈。)Her son who works in the USA is famous as a doctor.(限制性定从，还有别的，不在美国工作的儿子，表达正确。)Her son, who works in the USA, is famous as a doctor.( 非限制性定从，只此一子，表达正确)五、1-一个功能：关系代词在定语从句中做主、宾、定、表；关系副词在定语从句中只做状语。六、如何判定用关系代词还是关系副词方法一： 看动词用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。关系代词：vt 或vi+prep This is the factory that/which we visited last week. I will never forget the days that/which we spent together. The blouse that/which she put on just now is made of silk. The coast is the place that/which everyone wants to go to. (以上四个例句的关系词都可省略，因为它们在定语从句中都做宾语。)关系副词：vi 或vt + O My grandpa was born in the year when the World Warbroke out. The school where he studies is a key school in Beijing. Do you remember the day when I visited the farm with you? The farm where we got in crops last summer is not far from here.方法二： 看功能准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 关系代词：主、宾、定、表 关系副词：状语：时间、地点、原因七、关系代词的省略：当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略。The boy (who/that) Mr. Wang is talking to is from the USA. The book (which/that) she borrowed from the library yesterday was written by Jin Yong. Beijing is the most beautiful city (that) I have visited. This is the house (which/that) we visited last week. I will never forget the days (which/that) I spent in Beijing.英语五种基本句型的巧妙设喻 作者：沈利波徐丹 句型属于英语语法中的句法范畴。英语语法分为词法和句法，句法是建立在词法基础上的高级语法形式。词法研究构词规则、词素分类和词类；句法研究词组构造规则、造句规则、词组类型和句型。由于语法是语言的组织规律，被形象比喻为“语言的脊梁”，语言的词汇只有接受语法的支配，才能组成话语，表达思想，由此可见，语法作为语言特点的本质对学好一门语言是多么重要！中学阶段，英语中5种基本句型的语法知识点，在日常教学中，很容易被老师和学生忽视。即使经过教师的系统讲解，学生也往往处于混沌、朦胧状态，难以留下深刻而清晰的印象，大多数学生仍处于似懂非懂的状态。同时有些教师会感到这些理所当然的语法讲解显得枯燥乏味，很难引起学生的兴趣，又容易遗忘，教学效果不明显。克服传统刻板、乏味的语法教学，追求现代灵活、趣味的语法教学，是英语教师努力的目标。笔者也曾经历作为一名年轻教师“心有余而力不足”的困惑、迷茫阶段，不断地进行教学反思促使我思考更加深入，功夫终不负有心人，最终独辟蹊径探索出一条通俗易懂、效果显著的教学方法，现介绍如下。一、结构形式设喻经笔者研究发现，英语简单句5种句型分别对应现实中的某一类家庭形式，自然把句型中的各个成分理解为对应家庭中的不同成员。把主语和谓语看做家庭中的丈夫和妻子；宾语则可以看做是他们的子女，如果是双宾语，就把儿子视为直接宾语，女儿看做间接宾语；宾语补足语可以看做儿子娶进来的媳妇或女儿所嫁的丈夫；系表结构可看做继母与子女的关系。笔者巧妙地将英语中简单句的5种基本句型与现实生活中存在的5种不同结构的家庭一一联系起来，极大地方便了学生对枯燥乏味的英语语法现象的学习。1. S+V设喻主谓结构是英语基本句型中最简单的句型结构，即主语和谓语是组成句子必不可少的两个最基本的成分，可形象地将其比喻为现代社会中的丁克家庭。因为夫妻双方是建立一个新家庭的最起码条件，同时，也正好符合我国家庭“男主外，女主内”的传统。2. S+V+O设喻在主谓结构的基础上，主谓宾结构的句型则可视为当代的核心家庭。生育是家庭的基本功能之一，随着社会的进步，人们的生育观念在不断地发展变化，三口之家的核心家庭形式已变得相当普遍。从结构上来看，动宾结构与母亲生育子女也恰好相似。3. S+V+O+OC设喻在前者的基础上，主谓宾补结构的句型可进一步类比为大家庭。这种家庭结构由核心小家庭进一步发展而来，不管是儿子娶进来的媳妇或女儿所嫁的丈夫，都是大家庭必不可少的补充，在中国的传统中他/她们一直被看做一家人。4. S+V+IO+DO设喻与主谓宾结构相似，主谓双宾语结构的句型可以看做是扩大的核心家庭型。儿女双全是我国传统完整家庭的观念。虽然同为一母之胞，但将来儿子总归是要留在父母身边的，他是家族的嫡传；而女儿是要嫁到婆家做媳妇的，从婆家到娘家颇有间接的感觉。5. S+V+P设喻主系表结构的句型可类比做一个再婚家庭。现代社会的离婚家庭不再罕见，继母代替生母出现在父亲和孩子之间，维系了一个原本破碎的家庭。二、成分关系设喻要达到完整而贴切的比喻效果，除了要求句型结构上的一致，还要考虑句子各成分之间语法功能关系上的相似点。根据英语句型结构各成分之间内在的逻辑关系，笔者将从5个方面做类比性阐述。1. 主谓一致设喻主谓一致是句法结构的基本规则之一，是中学阶段重要的语法项目，它指主语和谓语在人称与数上的呼应。既然把主谓语比做夫妻双方，那么主谓一致则象征着他们之间的默契。2. 动宾关系设喻英语是形态型语言，富于形态或形式上的变化。代词有主宾格的变化，主格做主语，通常位于句首，宾格做宾语。经常位于动词或介词后。中国有“尊老爱幼”的光荣传统，讲究长幼有别，作为一家之主的主语自然以主人的身份（主格）位居家庭之首，晚辈身居家长之后。在辈份上，父亲与孩子是有严格讲究和区别的，正好体现代词主宾格在形式与内涵上的差别。3. 双宾语现象设喻在英语中，部分及物动词可以接双宾语，一个叫直接宾语，另一个称间接宾语。中国有“重男轻女、男娶女嫁”的传统观念，认为女儿是间接为别的家庭生育的，将来是人家的媳妇，是泼出去的水，形象地对应着间接宾语；而儿子则不同，延续着家族的香火，永远是自家的，形象地对应着直接宾语。汉语文化中，儿与女有别的思想与英语中宾语区分为直接和间接颇有异曲同工之处。4. 宾补关系设喻对英语中宾语补足语的理解，顾名思义，是对宾语做进一步补充说明，以表达完整