高考英语一轮复习 话题40 考古发现（Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors）新人教版选修8.doc

话题40 考古发现（unit 5 meeting your ancestors）话题单词1. archaeology kld n.考古学 2. archaeological ,:kldkl adj.考古学的3. archaeologist kldst n.考古学家 4. curiosity kjrst n.好奇（心）；古玩5. decoration dekre()n n.装饰；装潢 6. artefact tfkt n.人工制品7. unearth n vt.（从地下）发掘；揭露 8. spear sp(r) n.矛；枪；梭镖9. pot pt n.罐；锅；壶 10. clothing kl n.（总称）衣服；服装11. copper kp(r) adj.铜制的 n.铜 12. distinction dstk()n n.差别；对比13. clay kle n.黏土；泥土 14. arrow r n.箭15. weapon wepn n.武器 16. pottery ptr n.（总称）陶器17. tend tend vi.倾向；趋向 18. approximately prksmtl adv.近乎；接近19. monument mnjmnt n.纪念碑；纪念馆；纪念物20. status stets n.地位；身份话题短语1. tend to 朝某方向；趋于 2. dig up 挖出；掘起3. pass down 传下来 4. date back to 追溯到 5. take pride in 以为自豪 6. cultural heritage 文化遗产7. show sb. around领某人参观 8. of great importance 非常重要9. be descended from为的后裔 10. give a push to 推动 11. become a ledgend 成为传奇 12. living spaces 生活空间 13. the remains of 的遗迹 14. the most prosperous kingdom 最繁荣的王国话题句子1. buried with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior. 跟他埋在一起的是一个猎手或斗士的工具。2. it was all that a person would need to surviveclothing, tools, weapons, pottery and spare materials to make new tools. 那是一个人生存所需的全部衣物、工具、武器、陶器以及用来制造新工具的空余材料。3. archaeologists tend to believe that this man was a member of a powerful class who may well have organized the construction of stonehenge. 考古学家倾向于相信这个人是统治阶级的一员，他有可能组织了巨石的建造。4. thanks to modern technology, to find out more facts about the man buried in the grave is possible. 由于现代技术，发现埋在坟墓的这个人的更多的事情是有可能的。5. since then, archaeologists have found more than a thousand cultural relics, including gold, jade, bronze and stone objects as well as a large quantity of ivory that must belonged to at least 500 elephants. 从那时起，考古学家发现了一千多个文化遗址，包括金、玉、青铜和铁器，以及大量的至少500头大象的象牙。6. the ground contains cultural relics and important archaeological objects almost everywhere. 地下几乎各处都有文化遗产以及重要的考古文物。7. these will serve as important materials for the study of local geography, climate and the environment in ancient times. 这些会成为研究古代当地地理、气候和环境的重要材料。篇章模板archeologists are like detectives of the past, unearthing clues about past events. archeology is the reconstruction of past cultures through their material remains and the study of how cultures change over time.“culture” is not an easy term to define, but it can be thought of as every aspect of a group of people, including the clothing they wear, the language they speak, and the items they use for every day life. the primary source of information used by archeologists is “artifacts”. artifacts are objects that people create or modify.汉语大意：考古学家像过去事件的侦探，出土过去事件的线索。考古学通过他们材料的残留以及对文化是如何随时间变化的研究重建过去。“ 文化”不是一个简单的术语定义，而是可以被认为是一群人的各个方面，包括他们的衣着，他们说的语言，和他们每日使用的物品。考古学家所利用的信息的基本来源是“文物”。文物是人们创建或修改的东西。基础知识自测一、单词拓展(a)根据音标及词义写出英文单词。1.alternative ltntv n. 可能的选择 adj.供选择的;其他的2.starvation stve()n n.挨饿;饿死starve st:v vi.挨饿;饿死3.accuracy kjrs n.精确;准确accurate kjrt adj.准确的;精确的4.interrupt ntrpt vt. & vi.打断讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止 interruption ntrp()n n. 中断5.assume sjum vt.假定;设想 assumption smpn n. 假象；设想6.sharpen :pn vi. & vt.(使)锋利;尖锐;清晰sharpener pn(r) n.磨具;削具7.messy mes adj.凌乱的;脏的mess mes n.凌乱,脏8.botany btn n.植物学botanical btnk()l adj.植物学的,与植物学有关的9.analysis nlss n.分析analyses nlss pl.analyse nlaz vt.分析analyst nlst n.分析者,化验员analytical nltk()ladj.分析的,解析的10.category ktr n.种类;类别;范畴11.significance snfkns n.意义;意思;重要性,重要意义12.delete dlit vt.删;删除13.somehow smha adv.以方式;不知怎么地14.academy kdm n.学院;学会;学术团体;院校15.applaud pld vi. & vt.鼓掌欢迎;赞赏applause plz n.鼓掌16.accelerate kselret vi. & vt.加速;促进17.arrest rest vt.逮捕;吸引 n.逮捕;拘留18.dizzy dz adj.晕眩的;昏乱的;使人发晕或困惑的(b)单词活用 用所给词的正确形式填空。1. i have to sharpen (sharp) the pencil. it doesnt write well.2. millions will face starvation (starve) next year as a result of the drought.3. after her performance, the audience stood up and applauded (applause)the actress for a long time.4. its widely accepted that botany falls into the category (category) of biology.5. you can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives (alternative).6. he was arrested (arrest) for murdering.7. children must learn not to interrupt (interruption).8. assuming (assume) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?9. who will learn a language regardless (regard) of methods, materials, or teachers?10. somehow (somehow), the message was passed.二、短语互译及运用(a)短语互译1.regardless of 不管;不顾2.at most 至多;最多3.cut up 切碎4. be fed up with 受够了;饱受;厌烦5. look ahead 向前看;为将来打算6. date back 追溯到7. arrest sb. for. 因而逮捕某人8. with relief 欣慰地9. be proud of. 以为骄傲10. turn to sb. for help 向某人求助(b)灵活运用 选择以上恰当的词组填空。1. whenever we are in trouble, we must look ahead and encourage ourselves.2. lets cut the meat up and share with each other.3. i have decided to have the house beautifully decorated, regardless of the cost.4. he is feed up with his job and wants to change a new one. 5. the best goods are usually sold at 30 dollars here at most. 6. this old castle dates back to roman times.7. i tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turned to my parents for help.8. he was proud of what he had done and ready to get praises from his teachers.三、课文语法填空a group of students came to zhoukoudian 1 a visit. an archaeologist showed them 2 . he told them it was here that they found evidence of the earliest people 3 lived in this part of the world, and it was 4 (reason) to assume they had lived in these caves, regardless 5 the cold. we had discovered fireplaces in the center of the bones of tigers and bears. 6 seemed that they might have used sharpened stone tools to cut 7 the animal and remove their skin to sew the pieces 8 . maybe there was trade 9 early people. they didnt grow their own crops, 10 picked fruit and killed animals. 答案: 1. for 2. around 3. who 4. reasonable 5. of 6. it 7.up 8. together 9. between 10. but重点词汇精讲精练1. alternative n.选择对象；（两者或以上）选择adj. 选择性的, 二中择一的v. 交替；轮流 背诵 we have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。搭配have no alternative but to do sth.只能做某事；除外别无选择alternatively adv. 交替地，作为另一种选择的an alternative to. 的替代品运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)have you got an alternative (其他的)suggestion?(2)you have the alternative of (任你选择) staying in the classroom or going with us.(3)we have no alternative but to fight back. (除了反击，我们没有选择的余地。)2. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.c逮捕背诵 what she did arrested my attention. 她所做的吸引了我的注意力。搭配be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕arrest one s attention吸引某人的注意under arrest被捕；被拘留make an arrest拘捕运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)embry was arrested for (因为偷车而被捕)stealing cars.(2)the police expected to make an arrest (拘捕)soon.3. relief n.减轻，解除背诵 i felt great relief when i heard i had passed the examination. 听说我已经通过了考试，感到轻松多了。搭配bring /seek/find/give/feel relief 带来/寻求/得到/予以/感到解脱much to ones relief=to ones great relief 使某人宽慰的relieve ones feelings 发泄感情relieve sb. of 解除某人的（负担）等运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)the minister was relieved of(被解除) his post. (2)hearing the news that her son was found, she breathed a sign of relief (松了一口气).4. assume vt. 假设，假定；主观认为；装出样子背诵 we assumed that you understood the situation. 我们认为你了解形势。搭配assume sb./sth. to be 假定/认为某人/事是assumed adj.假装的，假的；假定的，设想的 an assumed result假定的结果assuming adj.自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的；conj. 假如 (后跟从句)assumption n. 假定，设想运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1) assuming (假如) it rains, what shall we do?(2)he assumed (装出)a well-informed manner but in fact he knows very little. (3) we must assume him to be innocent (假定他是清白的)until he is proved guilty. 5. regardless of adj. 不管, 不顾背诵 he continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter. 他不顾及我在此事上的感情而继续往下说。联想表达“不管；不顾”的介词短语:disregardingin spite ofdespite 它们意义和用法相同，区别不大。运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)they decorated the house regardless of (不惜) the high cost. (2)they continued to work regardless of (尽管)the fact that it was raining.6. be fed up with 受够了，厌烦背诵 im fed up with waiting for her to telephone. 我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。联想feed sb/sth on sth给（人或动物）食物；喂；饲养feed on（动物）以为主食feed sth to sb/sth 给（人或动物）某物作为食物运用 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。(1)several children were feeding bread to the ducks. (2)what do you feed your dog on? (3)cows feed on grass. (4) i m fed up with the same breakfast every morning.7. cut up 切碎；使伤心，严厉批评背诵 peter, why dont you cut up vegetables? 彼得，为何不把蔬菜切碎呢？联想cut off 切断；剪掉cut down 砍伐；削减cut in 打断 cut out 剪去，删去，略去cut into pieces砍成碎片运用 用适当的介、副词填空。(1)you wont be cutting down the office staff, then?(2)the gas has been cut off.(3)john and his brother were arguing so their mother told them to cut it out and go to bed.(4)mr davis cut in to ask if anyone would like a drink.(5)he cut away the old branches from the tree.8. look ahead 向前看；为将来谋划背诵 look ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village. 你往远处看，便可以看见村庄里的灯光。联想look back 向后看； 回顾look out 留神；注意look into 调查look up 查找；形势好转；看望look up to sb. 尊敬某人look through 仔细查阅look forward to sth./doing sth. 盼望look on 旁观；看作look over 快速浏览，复习look down (on/upon sth.) 向下看； 轻视运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)you should look up the word in a dictionary (翻阅字典查查这个生词).(2)i am looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible(收到你的回信).(3) look out (当心) or you will catch cold.(4)i have to look over my notes (把笔记复习一遍) for the exam.经典句型背诵仿写1. if only但愿；要是就好了。 背诵 if only i were a doctor. 我现在要是个医生就好了。说明 if only是一个独立的句子，要用虚拟语气。温馨提示only if表示“只有，只要”， 后接让步状语从句，主句采用倒装句式。 only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.仿写 根据汉语意思完成句子。(1)要是我儿子不在电视前面呆那么长时间就好了。if only my son didnt spend so much time before tv.(2)要是圣诞节很快到来就好了。if only the christmas holidays would come sooner!2. only to do 是不定式作结果状语，意为“不料，结果却”。背诵 i hurried to the post office only to find it closed. 我匆匆地去邮局，却发现它已经关门了。说明 only to do表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。温馨提示现在分词也可作状语表示结果，但表示的是意料之中的结果。he dropped the glasses on the ground, bursting it into pieces. 他把眼镜掉到了地上，摔成了碎片。仿写 根据汉语意思完成句子。(1) 他匆匆忙忙地赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。he hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. (2) 他匆匆忙忙赶回家, 结果发现客人们已经走了。he hurried home only to find the guests had left. 语言知识巧用妙用翻译或完成下列句子，注意黑体部分要用到本单元的短语和句型，然后将其合并成一篇5句话左右的短文。1. 我们常常厌倦一次次做同样的事情。 we are usually fed up with doing the same thing again and again. 2. 尽管这些事情没有趣味，我们还是坚持做好。 regardless of the fact that these things are dull, we insisted on doing them well. 3. 要是我们每天都认真对待我们所的做的事情该多好啊！ if only we treated everything we do every day seriously. 4. 我们常常事情忙了很久，结果发现徒劳无益。 usually we are busy with something for a long time, only to find that all is in vain. 5. 不管怎样，我们都不能彻底放弃。 somehow, we shouldnt give up. 合并we are usually fed up with doing the same thing again and again. regardless of the fact that these things are dull, we insisted on doing them well. we usually pay much attention to things that arrest our interest, and if only we treated everything we do every day seriously. at times we are busy with something for a long time, only to find that all is in vain. somehow, we shouldnt give up. 轻轻松松走进高考阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为110的相应位置上。lake titicaca, a famous lake in south america, is located on the border between bolivia and peru. but the lives of the ancient people who once lived around the lake and 1 culture was thought to be highly advanced, have long remained a secret. recently 2 , scientists taking part in an exploration project at the lake have found 3 they believe to be a 1000-year-old temple 4 the water.divers from the study group have discovered 5 building scientists think is the remains of a temple built by the people who once lived beside the lake. the project leaders hope to begin raising important materials from the site later this week 6 bad weather forces a change in their plans.“the scientists have not yet had the opportunity to study the materials carefully,” said project director, john aubi. “but some 7 (put) forward the idea that the remains date from this period because of their 8 (similar) to those found elsewhere.” the research team has so far this year made more than 200 dives into water 30 metres deep. during these dives, 9 have been recording the ancient remains on film. there will be a meeting, 10 (start) later this year to review the film.【答案】1. whose 2. however 3. what 4. under/beneath/in 5.a 6. unless 7. have put/ are putting 8. similarity/similarities 9. they 10. starting二、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意然后从120各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。出处：江西省赣中南五校2016届高三下学期第一次联考（2月）新鲜度难度话题 友善真诚，真情流露关键词love体裁记叙文短文词数 327建议时间 17分钟正确率 /20last week i was invited to a doctors meeting at the ruth hospital for incurables. in one of the wards, a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. i could see that he hadnt long to 1 , but he came up to me and placed his right foot close to mine on the floor. “frank!” i cried in astonishment. he couldnt 2 , as i knew, but all the time 3 his foot against mine. my 4 raced back more than thirty years to the 5 days of 1941, when i was a student in london. the 6 was an air-raid shelter, in which i and about one hundred other people slept every night. two of the regulars were mrs. west and her son frank. 7 wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to 8 each other very well. frank west 9 me because he wasnt 10 , not even at birth. his mother told me he was 37 then, but he had 11 of a mind than a baby has. his “12 ” consisted of rough soundssounds of pleasure or 13 and no more. mrs. west, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because frank 14 on her entirely. he needed all the 15 of a baby. one night a policeman came and told mrs. west that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder (炮弹). she 16 nearly everything she owned. when that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the 17 ones. so before we 18 that morning, i stood beside frank and 19 my right foot against his. they were about the same size. that night, then, i took a pair of shoes to the shelter for frank. but as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. after that, his 20 to me was always the same. 1. a. work b. live c. stayd. expect 2. a. answer b. speak c. smile d. laugh 3. a. covering b. moving c. fighting d. pressing 4. a. minds b. memories c. thoughts d. brains 5. a. betterb. darkc. younger d. old 6. a. cave b. place c. sight d. scene 7. a. discussing b. solving c. sharing d. suffering8. a. learn from b. talk to c. help d. know 9. a. needed b. recognized c. interested d. encouraged 10. a. normalb. commonc. unusual d. quick 11. a. more b. worse c. fewer d. less 12. a. word b. speech c. sentence d. language 13. a. excitementb. anger c. desire d. hope 14. a. fed b.kept c.lived d.depended 15. a. attention b.control c.treatment d.management 16. a. lost b.needed c.destroyed d.left 17. a. troublesomeb.unlucky c.angry d.unpopular 18. a. separated b.went c.reunited d.returned 19. a. pushed b.tried c.showed d.measured 20. a. nodding b.greeting c.meeting d.acting【读后反馈】. 靓词incurable n. 无法治愈的病人 capable adj. 有能力的. 难句1. mrs. west, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because frank 14 (depended) on her entirely.本句是复合句。then about 75为定语，修饰mrs. west；as she had to be为定语从句，修饰woman；because引导原因状语从句。2. but as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. 本句是复合句。as soon as引导时间状语从句。. 拓展练1.单句语法填空at the terrible sight, the little girl let out a cry in _(astonish)2. 句式仿写（1）在漆黑的大街上，她没有可以求助的人。_(2)她一看到自己的妈妈，就跑过来了。_文章介绍了作者和弗兰克的特殊关系，让作者有了一种不寻常的感觉 1. c下文语境题。上文的“incurables表明这位老人是不治之症患者，存活的时间不会太长。work工作；stay停留；live生存；expect期望。2. a下文语境题。他不能回答。answer回答；speak说话；smile微笑；laugh嘲笑。3. d下文语境题。由下文暗示可知，37岁的frank不如一个婴儿的智力。他不能用语言回答别人的问话，但内心有一定的反应，因此一见到我便将右脚靠着我的右脚以示问候。选d。covering覆盖； moving移动；fighting斗争；pressing 按压。 8. d上下文语境题。我们这些防空洞居住者逐渐了解了对方。learn from向学习；talk to谈论；help帮助；know了解。9. c上文语境题。一个37岁的人智力却不正常，这一现象逐渐吸引了“我”的注意。needed需要；recognized认识；interested使感兴趣；encouraged鼓励。10. a上文语境题。一个37岁的人智力却不正常，这一现象逐渐吸引了我的注意。normal正常；common共同的；unusual不寻常的；quick快的。11. d下文语境题。他的智力不如一个孩子。more越来越多的；worse更糟的；fewer更少；less更少。12. b下文语境题。他的讲话仅体现了内心的快乐和愤怒，没有更多实在的内容。word单词；speech演讲；sentence句子；language语言。13. b上文语境题。联系consisted of rough soundssounds of pleasure or可知，是高兴或者生气的声音。14. d上文语境题。west夫人不得不强壮而又有能力，因为frank完全依靠于她，他需要婴儿似的全部照料。fed喂养；kept保存；lived生活；depended依赖。15. a上下文语境题。他需要婴儿似的全部照料。attention关心；control控制；treatment治疗； management管理。16. a上下文语境题。她失去了拥有的一切。lost失去；needed需要；destroyed破坏；left离开。17. b下文语境题。west夫人遭受这么大的损失，大家尽力帮助这不幸的一家人。troublesome恼人的；unlucky不幸的；angry生气的；unpopular不受欢迎的。18. a上文语境题。联系空前的before we和空后的i stood beside frank and 19 my right foot against his.可知，在我们分手的时候。separated分离；went去；reunited重聚；returned回到。 19. d上下文语境题。那天早上临走前，“我”站在frank身边，将“我”的右脚靠着frank 的右脚以便量出他脚的大小。pushed推动；tried努力；showed展示；measured量。 20. b上文语境题。frank将“我”的这一动作看成是问候的表现，从此他就用这一动作来问候“我”，这就有了本文开头的那种情景。nodding点头，b. greeting问候c. meeting遇见d. acting表演，【读后反馈】iii. 1. astonishment2. (1)in the dark street there was not a single person, to whom she could turn to for help. (2)as soon as she saw her mother, she came running over. 三、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、