词类转换1(定).ppt

Conversion Review Lead in Weareenemiesofallwars Careisthethiefofbeauty Conversion IntranslationawordofacertaintypeintheSLtextisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintoawordofthesametypeintheTLtext ApartofspeechofawordoftenhastobeconvertedintoanotherdifferentpartofspeechofthewordsoastoconformtotheidiomaticusageoftheTLduetodifferencesinsyntacticstructuresandidiomaticexpressionsofthetwolanguages ConversionAwordinonelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintooneofthesamepartofspeechinanotherlanguage I Reason Non correspondenceinpartofspeech wordclass 词性 UsageE nouns adjective prepositionC verbs classifiers 量词 Usage DifferentexpressioninEnglishandChineseForexample verbsHeadmiresthePresident sstateddecisiontofightforthejob 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩 ThegrowingawarenessbymillionsofAfricansoftheirextremelypoorandbackwardlivingconditionshaspromptedthemtotakeresolutemeasuresandcreatenewones 原译 数以百万计的非洲人对于他们非常贫穷落后的生活条件的日益觉醒促使他们采取坚决的措施 创造新的生活条件 改译 数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后 这就促使他们奋起采取坚决的措施创造新的生活条件 examples Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship 他们之间的关系 有一个特点 就是以礼相待 Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪 ThePresidenthadpreparedmeticulouslyforhisjourney 总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备 II Purpose SmoothnessinexpressionClarityinmeaning IIIFormsofConversion Words ConvertedintoverbsConvertedintonounsConvertedintoadjectivesOthers Convertedintoverbs Noun verbsPrep verbsAdj verbsAdv verbs Nouns verbs Nounsderivedfromverbs inpoliticalarticles examples examples Theturningpointofmylifewasmydecisiontogiveupapromisingbusinesscareerandstudymusic 我生活的转折点是我决定不做发迹有望的商人而专攻音乐 Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse 火箭已经用来探索宇宙 Until1972 alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint U S insistenceontherighttomakeon siteinspectionsoftheSovietstrategicarsenalandRussia srefusal 到1972年为止 美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了 美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场 而苏联则拒绝这样做 Nouns verbs Nounswiththemeaningofactionexamples examples Astheweekdrewtoaclose theenemyroutwascomplete 一周快结束时 敌人彻底溃退了 Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging 看到我们的喷气式飞机 听见隆隆的机声 令我特别神往 AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景 Nouns verbs gerundexamples Oneofourwaysforgettingheatisburningfuels 我们获得热的一种方式是燃烧燃料 Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition 把水加热不会改变水的化学成分 Theflowingofcurrentfirstinonedirectionandtheninanothermakesanalternatingcurrent 电流先向一个方向流动 然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电 Nouns verbs Nounswith er teacher thinkerNotrefertotheirprofessionsorcareersbuthavethemeaningofaction examples examples IamafraidIcan tteachyouswimming IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI 我未必会教你游泳 我想我弟弟比我教得好 Talkingwithhisson theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman spastwrongdoings 在和儿子谈话时 老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事 Althoughhewasalwaysthe background brieferonforeignpolicyissues hecouldneverbeidentifiedasanythingotherthan aWhiteHouseofficial or ahighAdministrationsource 虽然外交问题的 背景情况 总是由他介绍 但他仍只能称为是 一位白宫官员 或 一位政府高级人士 Moreexamples Sheisawell knownsinger 歌唱家Someofmyclass matesaregoodsingers 我们班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好 Nouns verbs Nouns assubjects intheidiomseg Tohavealookat tohavearest examples examples TheytookafinallookatIronMike stillintactinthedarkness 他们最后看了铁麦克一眼 它依然安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中 Thenextnewsbulletin shorterthanusual madenomentionofthedemonstration 下一个新闻节目比通常短 没有提到游行 Agreatcloudrosefromthegroundandfollowedthetrailofthegreatsun Atfirstitwasagiantcolumn whichsoontooktheshapeofasupramundanemushroom ForafleetinginstantittooktheformoftheStatueofLibertymagnifiedmanytimes 一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起 它起初是个巨大的圆柱 很快形成了凌云驾空的大蘑菇 一瞬间又变成了一座扩大了许多倍的自由神像 Prep verbs Prep Withthemeaningofaction eg across past towardexamples examples Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood incoldcaves bydimlamps 党的干部吃简陋的饮食 住寒冷的窑洞 靠微弱的灯光 长时间地工作 Thecomputerisofhighsensibility 这台计算机具有很高的灵敏度 Machinepartsofirregularshapecanbewashedverycleanbyultrasonics 用超声波能把形状不规则的机件洗得很干净 Adj verbs Adjectivesforconsciousness feeling desireForexamples content confident certain careful angry sure ignorant afraid doubtful aware concerned glad delighted sorry ashamed thankful anxious grateful able familiarexamples Ifwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics 如果我们不知道原子的结构 我们就不可能研究核子物理学 Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint ButIhadtobecautious 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示 但是我必须小心谨慎 Theyarequitecontentwiththedataobtainedfromtheexperiment 他们十分满足于实验中获得的数据 Thedevelopedcountriesarerichinskilledworkforceandcapitalresources sotheycanconcentrateonproducingmanytechnology intensiveproductssuchascomputers aircrafts andsoon 发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本 所以它们能集中生产许多技术密集型的产品 比如计算机和飞机等 Adv verbs Adverbsusedaspredicativesorobjectcomplementsexamples Asheranout heforgottohavehisshoeson 他跑出去时 忘记了穿鞋子 Havetheoilingofthepartsthroughbeforethemachineisoperated 在开动机器之前 要把部件的上油工作做完 Aftercarefulinvestigationtheyfoundthedesignbehind 经过仔细研究后 他们发现这个设计落后了 Convertedintonouns VerbsderivedfromnounsVerbinthesentenceofpassivevoice canbetranslatedintothestructuresuchas 受 遭 到 名词 予 加 以 名词 examples Verbsderivedfromnouns VerbsderivedfromnounsVerbscomingfromnounsexamples Verbsderivedfromnouns ThedevelopmentofscientificresearchinChinaischaracterizedbytheintegrationoftheorywithpractice 中国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际 Asthewarprogressed hewouldsymbolizetheirfrustrations theembodimentofallevils 随着战争的进行 他成了他们受挫的象征 成了一切坏事的化身 Tothem hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower 在他们看来 他就是绝对权威的化身 Verbscomingfromnouns Intheearlydawn theguardtowersweresilhouettedagainstthesky 黎明时 天空映出了嘹望塔的轮廓 MostU S spysatellitesaredesignedtoburnupintheearth satmosphereaftercompletingtheirmissions 美国绝大多数间谍卫星 按其设计 是在完成使命后 在大气层中焚毁 SomeofthemwerealreadyplanningtostaffaHumphreyAdministrationintheeventtheDemocraticcandidatewonanelection 他们中间有些人 已经在为民主党候选人一旦获胜后的汉弗莱政府计划人事安排 Verbinthesentenceofpassivevoice canbetranslatedintothestructuresuchas 受 遭 到 名词 予 加 以 名词 examples examples SnowwastreatedveryshabbilybytheU S pressandofficialdomduringthisperiod victimizedforhisviews 在这期间 斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公正的对待 由于他的观点 他受到了迫害 Throwatennisballonthefloor Theballbouncesback Inthesameway whenlightfallsoncertainthingsitbouncesback Whenthishappens thelightissaidtobereflected 将网球扔到地板上 球会弹回来 同样 光照到某些物体上时也会弹回来 这种情况叫做光受到反射 Satellites however mustbecloselywatched fortheyareconstantlybeingtuggedatbythegravitationalattractionofthesun moonandearth 由于经常受到太阳 月亮和地球引力的影响 卫星活动必须加以密切的观察 Adj nouns The adj thesick病号 thepoor穷人theold theinfirm theill theveryyoung老 弱 病 幼者 Othersexamples examples Hewaseloquentandelegant butsoft 他有口才 有风度 但很软弱 TheWildefamilywerereligious 王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒 Theyareconsideredinsincere 他们被认为是伪君子 Convertedintoadj Nounsderivedfromadj Nouns a n usedaspredicativesadverbs Nounsderivedfromadj Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪 Thesecurityandthewarmthofthedestroyer ssickbaywerewonderful 驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖 好极了 HetalkedforsometimewithBundy andhisquestionsreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts 他同邦迪谈了一会儿 他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑 Nouns a n usedaspredicatives Heisastrangertotheoperationoftheelectroniccomputer 他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的 Theblockadewasasuccess 封锁很成功 Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的 adverbs AsverbsareconvertedintonounsinChinese theadverbsmodifyingverbsturnintoadjectives examples examples Inscienceandengineering itisofgreatimportancetostatethelawsandprinciplesaccurately 工程学方面 定律和原理的正确叙述非常重要 Thewideapplicationofelectroniccomputersaffectstremendouslythedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology 电子计算机的广泛应用 对科学技术的发展有极大的影响 adverbs Theadverbsbeforeoraftertheverbs whichinmeaningareusedastheattributive canbetranslatedintoChineseasadjectives examples examples Thepowerplantsuppliestheinhabitantssixtyliaboutwithelectricity 这个电厂供电给周围六十里的居民 Thebuildingsaroundaremostlyofmodernconstruction 附近的建筑物大部分是现代化的 Otherwords Adj adv Nouns adv Adj adv Whenthenounisconvertedintoverb theadjectivemodifyingthenouncanbetranslatedintoadverbinChinese Eg Occasionallyadrizzlecamedown andtheintermittentflashesoflightningmadeusturnapprehensiveglancestothatdirection 偶尔下一点毛毛雨 断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着那个方向望去 Adj adv WhentheverbturnsintonouninChinese theadverbmodifyingtheverbcanbeconvertedintotheadjective Eg Heroutinelyradioedanotheragentontheground 他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络 Adj adv ThedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish Eg Thisissheernonsense 这完全是胡说 Hewasinaclearminority 他显然属于少数 Nounsandadv Nounsconvertedintoadverbsexamples examples Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor 只要一发现有可能反对他的人 他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来 Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor 新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民 获得了他们的一些好感 Nounsandadv Adverbsconvertedintonounsexamples examples Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound 他身体虽弱 但思想健康 Theyhavenotdonesowellideologically however asorganizationally 但是 他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好 Exercisesandanswers TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodChinese Payattentiontothetranslationoftheitalicizedwords Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs 读一点世界史 对学习时事是有帮助的