专题7 非谓语动词.doc

专题7 非谓语动词（一）非谓语动词一直是高考考查的热点内容，如何在具体的语言环境中灵活运用是每个考生复习的重点。现就其用法做一小结。1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .（6）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Dont do anything silly, such as marry him.I.单句语法填空1_(stay) warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.答案：To stay解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在晚上保持温暖，我会往炉子里添柴，并把闹钟定到午夜以便我可以起来再给炉火添柴。to stay为不定式作目的状语。2. The text is too difficult. The explanation of our teacher will help make it easy _(understand)答案：to understand解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇文章太难了，我们老师的解释会使它易于理解。此处用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。此种用法常用于“be性质形容词不定式”结构中，此类形容词有easy, hard, interesting等。3Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _(wash)答案：washed解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。4. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _(remind) of his own dreams.答案：reminded解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔把姚明的照片张贴在床边是为了提醒自己要实现自己的梦想。remind sb. of sth.表示“提醒某人某事”，himself与remind之间是动宾关系，故用动词的过去分词形式。5. Misunderstandings _(arise) from lack of social communication, unless _(handle) properly, may lead to serious problems.答案：arising; handled解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：由于缺乏社会交流而产生的误解，如果得不到恰当处理，可能会导致严重的问题。第一空，Misunderstandings和arise为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用arise的现在分词形式，arise from意为“由产生”。第二空，handle 和Misunderstandings为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用handle的过去分词形式。6. (2014山东潍坊高三联考)_(attract) more consumers, many online shops provide great discounts on Singles Day.答案：To attract解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了吸引更多的顾客，许多网店在光棍节提供很大的折扣。此处为目的状语，因此使用不定式。7. After walking on the zigzag path to the mountain top for a few hours, the tourists gathered under trees _(provide) shade and _(sit) down to have a rest.答案：providing; sat解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在通往山顶的蜿蜒小路上走了几个小时后，游客们都聚集在遮阴的树下，坐下来休息。“providing shade”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰trees; sat与gathered是并列的谓语动词，要保持形式上的一致。8. (2014湖南“五市十校”高三联合检测)He drove the bus very slowly, _(allow) the passengers to enjoy the beautiful scenery.答案：allowing解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他把公交车开得很慢，让乘客欣赏美丽的风景。分析句子结构可知，_ the passengers to enjoy the beautiful scenery是非谓语动词短语作状语，He和allow之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词的主动形式。9. (2014辽宁五校第一协作体高三联考)“Hope for the best and prepare for the worst” is a proverb, _(mean) life is beautiful and full of frustrations as well.答案：meaning解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：“抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算”是一句谚语，意思是，生活是美好的，同时也充满挫折。proverb和mean之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用动词ing形式。10. (2014北京东城区高三教学检测)_(compete) more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.答案：To compete解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更有效地和别人竞争，越来越多的人用更高的教育来武装自己。根据句意可知，此处非谓语动词用作状语，表示目的，所以用动词不定式。11Do you wake up every morning _(feel)energetic and ready to start a new day?答案feeling 句意：你每天早晨起来感到精力充沛并准备好了开始新的一天吗？现在分词feeling energetic作伴随状语。12The fresh air in the morning is pleasant_(breathe). Youd better get up early to do some exercise.答案to breathe 句意：早上的新鲜空气呼吸起来很舒服，你最好早起活动活动。在形容词pleasant后用不定式作方式状语，且主动形式表示被动含义。13What on earth made Susan weep?_ of cheating in the exam.答案Being accused 考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：“苏珊究竟为什么哭？”“她被指责在考试中作弊。”题线处在答句中作主语回答问句。14I made every effort to get the car out of the mud, but it remained_(stick)there.答案stuck 考查非谓语动词作表语。句意：我尽力想把车从泥中弄出来，但车仍然陷在那里。it与stick为被动关系.15Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_(remind)of his own dreams.答案reminded 考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔把姚明的照片张贴在床边是为了提醒自己要实现自己的梦想。 remind sb of sth表示“ 提醒某人某事”， himself与remind之间是动宾关系， 故用动词的过去分词形式。1 6.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _(follow)them. 答案following 考查with的复合结构。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式或名词等作宾语补足语，此处pet dog与follow之间构成主动关系，所以用following。17The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _(inform)that the film stars had left.答案to be informed 考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意：新闻记者匆忙赶到机场，结果却被告知那位影星已经离开了。此处表示一种出乎意料的结果，应用不定式作结果状语，inform与the news reporter之间为动宾关系。18Every day _(read)a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.答案read 分析句子结构可知，题干中有连词until，until引导时间状语从句，故“_a proverb aloud several times”为主句，此处应为祈使句，故应用动词原形。19_ (complete)more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves