语言学导论期末考试试题(滨州学院外语系).doc

语言学导论期末考试试题（滨州学院外语系）. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choose the letter A， B， C or D. （20%）1. _ is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. The most influential scholar in this aspect is Trubetzkoy who published Principles of Phonology in 1939.A. The London SchoolB. Traditional grammarC. American Structuralism D. The Prague School2. Saussure believed that language is a system of signs. This sign is the union of a form and an idea， which Saussure called _.A. langue and paroleB. signifier and signifiedC. speech and writing D. system and function3. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _ approach to language study.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. descriptive4. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is_.A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical D. cultural5. Palatal semi-vowel refers to the sound_.A. n B. hC. w D. j6. A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called_.A. minimal pairsB. allomorphsC. phones D. allophones7. Morphemes that represent “tense”， “number”， “gender”， “case” and so forth are called_morphemes.A. inflectional B. boundC. free D. derivational8. The English word “modernizers” is composed of_morphemes.A. fourB. threeC. twoD. five9. “Unless I hear from her， I wont leave this town” is a_sentence.A. simple B. coordinateC. complexD. compound10. In the phrase structure rule “S NPVP”， the arrow can be read as_.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates11. In the following pairs of words，_are a pair of complementary antonyms.A. old and youngB. male and femaleC. hot and coldD. buy and sell12. The stimulus-response theory was proposed by_.A. FirthB. Halliday C. BloomfieldD. Chomsky13._found that natural language had its own logic and thus concluded the famous Cooperative Principle.A. John Austin B. John FirthC. Paul GriceD. William Jones14. As far as the sentence “My bag is heavy” is concerned， linguists of pragmatics are more interested in its _ meaning.A. literal B. logicalC. contextualD. grammatical15._is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared linguistic system.A. A speech communityB. A raceC. A societyD. A nation16. A speakers knowledge of the total set of rules， conventions， etc.， governing the skilled use of language in a society is termed _. A. competenceB. performanceC. communicative competence D. communicative strategy17. The phonemes /k/， /a:/ and /p/ are in _ relations in the words /ka:p/ （carp） and /pa:k/ （park）.A. synchronicB. syntagmaticC. diachronic D. paradigmatic18. The Prague School claims that a sentence may be analyzed from the functional side in terms of _as well as from the grammatical side.A. theme and rheme B. argument and predicateC. subject and predicateD. performative and constative19. In the proposition “Professor Green is a linguist”， the predicate linguist is a _.A. no-place predicate B. one-place predicateC. two-place predicateD. three-place predicate20. The following conversation exchange clearly violates _.A: Lets get the kids something.B: Okey， but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M-S.A. maxim of Quantity B. maxim of QualityC. maxim of RelationD. maxim of Manner. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. （20%） 1. By arbitrariness Saussure means that the forms of linguistic signs bear some natural relationship to their meaning.（） 2. Human language is， unlike animal communication systems， stimulus free.（） 3. Language marks our identity， physically in terms of age， sex， and voiceprints； geographically in terms of accents， dialects.（） 4. The sentencing of criminals is an example of emotive function of language.（） 5. Synchronic linguistic is the study of a language through the course of its history.（） 6. Pre-school children know virtually all the rules of language except for some subtleties. This means they have the underlying knowledge about the system of rules.（） 7. The soundzis a voiced alveolar stop.（） 8. The free variants of a phoneme shown in the different pronunciation of the same word， such as “tap” may be caused by habit， or individual preference， rather than by any distribution rule.（） 9. Voicing is a distinctive feature for English consonants.（）10. A syllable that has no coda is called a closed syllable.（）11. In English， inflectional affixes are mostly prefixes.（）12. In the word “illegal”， “il” is an allomorph of the negative morpheme.（）13. The word “girl” used to mean “young person of either sex”. Today it means “young woman”. This is an example of broadening of meaning.（）14. The value of a linguistic sign is determined by the signs with which it can combine to form a syntagmatic relation， and the signs with which it can form a paradigmatic relation.（）15. The phrase “five children” is an endocentric construction. （）16. Componential analysis can not help explain the sense relations of words.（）17. The sentence I pour some liquid into the tube is a performative one.（）18. The sentence like War is war is an example in which the Quality maxim is violated.（）19. The weak version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis says that language is the shaper of our thinking patterns.（）20. Malinowsky believed that the context of situation is indispensable for the understanding of the words.（）. Explain the following linguistic terms or notions in English. （40%）1. Trace2. Displacement 3. Stem 4. Dissimilation 5. Diacritics6. Theme 7. Relational opposites8. Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses9. Predicate logic10. Conversational implicature. Give brief answers to the following questions. （12+8=20）1. What are the main concerns of general linguistics？2. Explain the speech act theory with examples. 试题标准答案及评分标准用纸 课程名称 语言学导论（B卷）. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choose the letter A， B， C or D. （120=20）1. A 2. D 3.A4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B11.A12. A13. C14. D15. C16. B17.C 18. C19. B 20.D. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. （120=20）1. T2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. F10. T11. F12. T13. F14. F15. T16. T17. F18. F19. T20. T. Explain the following linguistic terms and notions in English. （210=20）1. Trace（By Chomsky） A phonetically null element to occupy the position from which a syntactic element has been moved. That is， after the movement of an element， there will be a trace left in the original position.2. Displacement-It means that human lges enable their users to symbolize （refer to） objects， events and concepts which are not present （in time and space） at the moment of communication.3. StemAny morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflection affix can be added. A stem can be equivalent to a root or may contain a root and a derivational affix.4. Dissimilation- It refers to the influence exercised by one sound segment on the production of another， so that the two sounds in a sequence become less alike or different.5. Diacritics-A set of symbols added to the letter symbols to make minute （slight） difference between variations of the same sound than the letters alone make possible.6. Theme-It refers to “that which is known or at least obvious in the given situation and from which the speaker proceeds”7. Relational opposites-Converse antonymy is typically seen in reciprocal social roles， kinship relations， temporal and spatial relations， there are always 2 entities involved， one presupposes the other.8. Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses-Our lge helps mould our way of thinking， and therefore， different lges may probably express our unique way of understanding the world. On the one hand， lge may determine our thinking patterns； on the other hand， similarity between lges is relative， the greater their structural differentiation is， the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be.9. Predicate logic-It studies the internal structure of simple propositions. （Or， it deals with expressions containing predicates， arguments and quantifiers）.10. Conversational implicature-It is a type of implied meaning， which can be deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context， under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. It is comparable to illocutionary force in that they are both concerned with the contextual meaning.IV. Give brief answers to the following questions. （12+8=20）1. What are the main concerns of general linguistics？ General linguistics includes at least five parameters， namely， phonology， morphology，syntax， semantics and pragmatics. The following are the main branches of linguistics. （2）Phonetics studies the speech sounds， including the production of the speech.Phonology studies the rules governing the structure，distribution， and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.（2 points）Morphol