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LED导光柱注塑模具设计【13张CAD图纸+WORD毕业论文】【精品资料】

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一、题目及专题:
1、题目            LED导光柱注塑模具设计            
2、专题                                                
二、课题来源及选题依据
   本次毕业设计题目是LED 导光柱注塑模具设计,课题来源于无锡新区某模具有限公司。其研究的内容是电子产品中LED导光柱的注塑模具设计。LED导光柱主要起导光作用,它能够使一切LED灯发光,透光度达到98%。注塑模具在现代生活中的地位越来越高,因此对塑料模具质量的要求也越来越高,这就要求塑料模具的开发、设计与制造的水平也必须越来越高。LED导光柱在工厂生产中属于大批量生产,故将要求我们精确设计出相应的塑料模具。                  
本课题的选择主要有下面几方面的依据:                          
1、塑料模具与自己的专业接近,完成该课题可对我们大学期间所学知识进行一次全面的专业训练,可以培养我们掌握如何运用过去所学知识去解决生产中实际问题的方法。                                            
2、我在无锡一家模具厂实习,该厂正好生产导光柱,我对制件的尺寸都有深入的了解,可以减少许多不必要的麻烦。                                                  
三、本设计(论文或其他)应达到的要求:
① 正确合理分析零件工艺用途及结构;                          
② 理解并掌握注塑模具的原理;                                
③ 了解注塑模具的各种结构以及各自的特点;                    
④ 能够掌握注塑模具上各个部分的作用;                                      
⑤ 对于注塑模具设计,能够掌握模具中各个部分的设计原则以及能够合理分析各因素对设计的影响;                                        
⑥ 熟练使用各种制图软件。                         


摘  要
本次毕业设计的题目是LED导光柱注塑模具设计。目前,塑料制件几乎已经进入了一切工业部门以及人民生活的各个领域。随着工业塑料制件和日用塑料制件的品种和需求量日益增加,这些产品更新换代的周期越来越短,因此对塑料的品种、产量和质量都提出了越来越高的要求,这就要求塑料模具的开发、设计与制造的水平也必须越来越高。
在现代塑料成型生产中,塑料制件的质量与塑料成型模具、塑料成型设备和塑料成型工艺这三项因素密切相关。在这三项要素中,塑料成型模具质量最为关键,它最能反映出整个塑料成型生产过程的技术含量及经济效益,它的功能是双重的:赋予塑料熔体以期望的形状、性能、质量;冷却并推出成型的制件。
本文主要内容是对LED导光柱注塑模具的成型部位、浇注系统、导向机构、推出机构、排气系统及冷却系统等进行详细的分析、计算及设计。在设计过程中,我们需要充分考虑塑料变形、收缩率、排气等各种因素的影响,使其满足总体的设计要求。

关键词:LED导光柱;注塑成型;注塑模具;结构设计。



Abstract
My graduation thesis topic is LED guide beam injection mold design. Plastic parts almost go into all industrial sectors and the people of all areas of life today. With the variety and the demand of industrial plastic parts and plastic parts for daily use increasing, the product replacement cycles are getting shorter, which causes higher and higher demands for the plastic varieties, yield and quality, so the development of plastic mold design and manufacturing level should also grow.
In modern injection molding production, the quality of the plastic parts is closely related to the three factors which include plastic mold, plastic molding equipment and plastic molding process. In these three elements, plastic mold quality is the most critical, it is best to reflect the technical content and economic benefits of the plastic molding production process, its function is twofold: making the plastic melt the desired shape, performance, quality ; cooling and launched the formed workpieces.
This article main content is about a detailed analysis, calculation and design of the LED light guide forming parts of injection mould, pouring system, guide mechanism, institution, exhaust system and cooling system, etc. In the design process, we need to fully consider the plastic deformation, shrinkage rate, exhaust and other factors, making it satisfy the requirement of the overall design.

Key words: LED guide beam; Injection molding; Injection mould; structural design.


目  录
摘  要 III
Abstract IV
目  录 V
1 绪论 1
1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义 1
1.1.1 本课题的研究内容 1
1.1.2 本课题的意义 2
1.2 国内外的发展概况 3
1.2.1 注塑模具国外研究现状 3
1.2.2 注塑模具国内研究现状 3
1.2.3 注塑模具发展趋势 4
1.3 本课题应达到的要求 4
2 塑料制件的工艺性 5
2.1 塑料的基本组成及分类 5
2.2 塑件材料的物理性质及其用途和成型特点 8
2.2.1 塑件材料物理性质 8
2.2.2 主要用途以及成型特点 9
2.3 LED导光柱的几何结构 9
2.4 LED导光柱相关数据的确定 12
2.4.1 塑件厚壁的确定 12
2.4.2 脱模斜度的确定 13
2.4.3 圆角的的确定 13
2.4.4 LED导光柱的体积及质量 13
3 注射成型原理以及注塑机的选择 14
3.1 注射成型原理 14
3.1.1 柱塞式注塑机注射成型原理 14
3.1.2 螺杆式注塑机注射成型原理 14
3.2 注射成型工艺 16
3.2.1 成型前的准备 16
3.2.2 注射过程 16
3.2.3 塑件的后处理 16
3.3 注塑机的选择 17
3.3.1 注塑机的分类 17
3.3.2 注塑机的类型选择 18
3.3.3 注塑机参数的校核 19
4 分型面的选择与浇注系统的设计 21
4.1 分型面及其选择 21
4.1.1 型腔数目的确定和布置 21
4.1.2 分型面的形式 22
4.1.3 分型面的设计原则 22
4.2 浇注系统的设计 22
4.2.1 普通浇注系统设计的基本原则 23
4.2.2 主流道的设计 23
4.2.3 分流道的设计 24
4.2.4 浇口的设计 25
5 成型零部件设计 27
5.1 成型零件的结构设计 27
5.1.1 凹模的结构分析 27
5.1.2 型芯和成型杆的结构分析 27
5.2 影响塑料尺寸精度的主要因素 27
5.2.1 塑料制品的成型收缩 27
5.2.2 模具成型零件的制造公差δz 28
5.2.3 模具成型零件的磨损δc 28
5.3 成型零件的工作尺寸的计算 28
6 导向机构和推出机构的设计 31
6.1 导向机构的设计 31
6.1.1 导向机构的功用 31
6.1.2 导向装置类型 31
6.1.3 导柱导向机构 31
6.1.4 导套的设计 32
6.2 推出机构的设计 33
6.2.1 推出机构的结构组成 33
6.2.2 推出机构的设计原则 33
6.2.3 顶出部件 34
6.2.4 复位部件 35
6.2.5 导向部件和限位零件 35
7 其它部件的设计 36
7.1 温度调节系统的设计 36
7.1.1 冷却系统的设计原则 36
7.1.2 冷却系统的计算 36
7.2 模架的设计 38
7.2.1 模板的布置 38
7.2.2 模板的标准化 38
7.3 排气系统的设计 39
7.3.1 排气槽的位置及作用 40
7.3.2 排气方式 40
7.3.3 溢流槽 40
8 结论 41
致  谢 42
参考文献 43


1 绪论
注塑模具设计是对所学模具专业知识的一次巩固,是在进行社会实践工作之前对所学各课程的一次综合性总复习,也是对在校学习的一次全面检测。注塑模具是一种生产塑胶制品的工具,也是赋予塑胶制品完整结构和精确尺寸的工具。注塑成型是批量生产某些形状复杂部件时用到的一种加工方法,具体指将受热融化的材料由高压射入模腔,经冷却固化后,得到成形品,其原理是将颗粒状或粉末状的塑料从注射机的料斗送进加热的料筒中,经过加热融化成流动状态后,在柱塞或螺杆的推动下,熔融塑料被压缩并向前移动,通过料筒前端的喷嘴以很快的速度注入温度较低的闭合模腔中,充满形腔的熔料在受压的情况下,经冷却固化后即可保持模具形腔所赋予的形状,然后开模分型获得成型塑件。到目前为止,除氟塑料外,几乎所有的热塑性塑料都可以采用这种方法成型。它具有成型周期短,能一次成型外形复杂、尺寸精确、带有金属或非金属的嵌件的塑料制品。根据产品的批量、结构、尺寸与精度,可采用一模一腔,也可采用一模多腔。
注射成型加工方式通常只适用于热塑料品的制品生产,用注射成型工艺生产的塑料制品十分广泛,从生活日用品到各类复杂的机械,电器、交通工具零件等都是用注射模具成型的,它是塑料制品生产中应用最广的一种加工方法。
1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义
1.1.1 本课题的研究内容
本课题来源于无锡新区某模具有限公司。其研究的内容是电子产品中LED导光柱的注塑模具设计。LED导光柱是用在一切LED灯上的导光作用,透光度可达到98%以上。导光柱就是将光以最小的损耗从一个光源传输到距离该光源一定距离的另一个点的装置。导光柱可以用来将PCB上LED的光传输到产品面板上来显示相关的状态,也可以聚集和指引光线用做LCD显示屏的背光,同时也可以用来照亮在透过式窗口上的图案。导光柱最佳最有效的设计就是将LED固定到导光柱的内部。在这种结构中LED是植入导光柱内部的,LED发出的所有光线全部会被导光柱所捕获,考虑到LED与导光柱之间存在空气间隙而产生的菲涅耳损耗,光线捕获率可以达到92%。通常情况下,如果LED在导光柱的外部,并且与导光柱之间有空气间隙时光线的耦合和捕获效率是较低的,相反,如果LED处于导光柱表面空气的交界面内部时,效率是最高的。
注塑模,又称为注射模,是由动模和定模两大部分组成。动模是安装在注射机的移动工作台上,定模则安装在注射机的固定工作台面上。动模和定模闭合后已经塑化的塑料可以通过浇注系统注入到模具型腔中冷却、固化与定型。一般通常要求注射模分开以后,制品尽量滞留在动模一侧,然后由设置在动模内的推出机构将塑料制品从模内推出。
一般来说,注塑模的总体结构主要分为七大部分:成型部件、浇注系统、导向和定位部件、推出机构、温度调节系统、侧向分型抽芯机构以及标准模架,具体结构如图1.1所示。因此,本课题的研究主要围绕这七大部分进行。
(1)成型部件的设计  成型部件是指构成模具型腔、直接与塑料熔体相接触并成型制品的模具零件或部件。通常有凸模、型芯、成形杆、凹模、镶件等零件或部件。在动模与定模闭合后,成形零部件便确定了制品的内、外轮廓和尺寸。
(2)浇注系统的设计  浇注系统是指由注射机喷嘴到型腔之间的进料通道,主要是由主流道、分流道、浇口和冷料穴组成。浇注系统的设计主要是确定主流道的结构、分流道的截面形状以及浇口的类型和数量。


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存档编码:无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院 2013 届届毕毕业业作作业业周周次次进进度度计计划划、检检查查落落实实表表 系别:信机系 班级:机械(96) 学生姓名:谢兵兵 课题(设计)名称: LED导光柱注塑模具设计 开始日期:2012年11月12日周次起止日期工作计划、进度每周主要完成内容存在问题、改进方法指导教师意见并签字备 注1-32012年11月12日-2012年12月2日教师下达毕业设计任务,学生初步阅读资料,完成毕业设计开题报告按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料,填写毕业设计开题报告书存在问题:对课题所涉及的内容不怎么了解,对设计目的及要求不明确。改进方法:向指导老师请教,通过导师指导后,查阅相关资料,重新填写报告。4-102012年12月3日-2013年1月20日指导专业实训注塑模具综合实训,塑件加工方法和加工工艺编制存在问题:只能在校内查阅注塑模具的相关资料,并没有实际了解。改进方法:到厂里实地考察,积累经验。11-122013年1月21日-3月1日指导毕业实习到无锡新区某塑料模具厂实习,学习塑料模具的成型原理存在问题:在实习过程中,虽然初步理解注塑成型原理,但是一些因素的影响容易被我忽视。改进方法:向厂里经验丰富的老师傅学习,分析各种因素对塑件的影响。132013年3月4日-3月8日收集资料对注塑模具的各个部件进行分析存在问题:由于实习的原因,我没有过多的时间去查阅注塑模具各部件的设计原则及注意事项。改进方法:利用晚上有限的时间上网查资料,看视频。142013年3月11日-3月15日初步确定正文部分的目录确定LED注塑模的设计分为几大部分存在问题:漏掉温度调节系统的设计。改进方法:上网查找温度调节系统的相关资料,明确温度调节系统的重要性。152013年3月18日-3月22日正文部分的具体设计确定正文部分的框架存在问题:对一些重要章节没有作重点介绍。改进方法:向同学和导师请教,确定重点章节。162013年3月25日-3月29日填写中英文摘要根据正文部分的重点以及相关资料,完成中英文摘要。存在问题:英文翻译某些语句不通顺,还有部分中文不会翻译。改进方法:向校英语老师和导师请教,使英文和中文一致。172013年4月1日-4月5日LED导光柱装配图的绘制完成LED装配图存在问题:在绘制装配图过程中,发现某些数据明显错误。改进方法:对于某些数据的错误,重新修改正文部分,使各数据合理。周次起止日期工作计划、进度每周主要完成内容存在问题、改进方法指导教师意见并签字备 注182013年4月8日-5月12日LED导光柱零件图的绘制从LED导光柱装配图中拆分,完成各零件图存在问题:零件图粗实线不分,缺少相关数据的标注。改进方法:重新标注,使零件图达到标准要求。192013年4月15日-4月19日修改正文部分根据导师指导,修改正文存在问题:正文部分有些章节未充分考虑各种因素的影响。改进方法:在导师的细心指导下,修改正文。202013年4月22日-4月26日修改LED装配图和零件图依据修改的正文内容,重新修改装配图和零件图存在问题:图纸尺寸和正文部分的计算尺寸有些不符。改进方法:严格按照正文数据的要求,修改图纸。212013年4月29日-5月3日完成致谢、参考目录整理论文,填写致谢和参考文献存在问题:对于参考文献没有严格按照学校的标准。改进方法:按照学校模板,重新修改参考文献。222013年5月6日-5月10日总计毕业论文对LED注塑模具进行系统的总结存在问题:总结过程中依然会发现某些错误。改进方法:针对某些错误,认真修改。232013年5月13日-5月17日导师检查根据导师的意见修改论文存在问题:对于参考文献没有严格按照学校的标准。改进方法:按照学校模板,重新修改参考文献。242013年5月20日-5月25日完成论文最后的相关工作论文打印、装订、上交存在问题:打印时发现有些内容不符合学校要求。改进方法:按照学校要求重新打印。 说明: 1、“工作计划、进度”、“指导教师意见并签字”由指导教师填写,“每周主要完成内容”,“存在问题、改进方法”由学生填写。 2、本表由各系妥善归档,保存备查。编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计(论文)相关资料题目: LED导光柱注塑模具设计 信机 系 模具设计与制造专业学 号: 0923259学生姓名: 谢兵兵 指导教师: 范圣耀 (职称:副教授 ) (职称: )2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计(论文)开题报告二、毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文(论文)计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目: LED导光柱注塑模具设计 信机 系 模具设计与制造 专业学 号: 0923259 学生姓名: 谢兵兵 指导教师: 范圣耀 (职称:副教授) (职称: )2012年11月25日 课题来源经学校老师的介绍,我在无锡某模具厂实习,该厂大批量生产导光柱,经过几个月时间的亲身实践,我对导光柱的尺寸以及加工的流程都有了一定程度的了解,因此选择自己熟悉的产品作为毕业论文的课题是一个明智的选择。科学依据(包括课题的科学意义;国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势;应用前景等) (1)课题科学意义塑料模具在现代生活中的地位越来越高,因此对塑料模具质量的要求也越来越高,这就要求塑料模具的开发、设计与制造的水平也必须越来越高。各种塑料模具越来越趋于微型化、精密化,其零件结构设计中的槽逢孔尺寸要求在0.3mm以下,尺寸精度要求越来越高。如BP机中零件尺寸极其微小,对模具的要求更高。这类微型冲件和塑件用的模具,已成为高技术模具或专利型模具。随着现代化工业和科学技术的发展,塑料模具的应用越来越广泛,其适应性也越来越强。已成为工业国家制造工艺水平的标志和独立的基础工业体系。(2)国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势当前来看,国内塑料模具市场以注塑模具需求量最大,其中发展重点为工程塑料模具。近来我国模具工业发展迅速,前景光明。以上海为主的长三角洲地区是中国塑料模具工业最为发达的地区。目前相当多的发达国家塑料模具企业移师中国,是国内塑料模具工业迅速发展的重要原因之一。中国技术人才水平普遍提高以及平均劳动力成本低都是吸引外资的优势,这些都是塑料模具市场迅速成长的重要因素所在,所以中国塑模市场的前景一片光明。近几年来,虽然我国塑料模具无论是在数量上,还是在质量、技术和能力等方面都有了很大发展,但总体上还是与工业发达的国家相比仍有较大的差距。例如,许多先进的技术如CADCAECAM技术的普及率还不高。另外,我国塑料模具行业与其发展需要和国外先进水平相比,还存在很多方面的问题。现在应用模具CADCAM技术设计模具已较为普遍,随着通用机械CAD/CAM技术的发展,塑料注射模CAD/CAM已经不断的深化。现代模具是多学科知识集聚的高新技术产业的一部分,是国民经济的装备产业,其技术、资金与劳动相对密集。研究内容 分析零件工艺用途及结构; 掌握注塑模具的原理; 了解注塑模具的各种结构以及各自的特点; 掌握注塑模具上各个部分的作用; 对于注塑模具设计,能够掌握模具中各个部分的设计原则以及合理分析各因素对设计的影响。 拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析在毕业实习调研以及查阅有关资料的基础上,结合零件的外形及加工要求,可以先分析本课题的装配图以及各部分零件图,然后通过工艺性分析,分别进行成型部分的设计、浇注系统的设计、导向机构的设计、推出机构的设计、排气系统的设计等等,最后设计出来的制件还要通过相应的检验。 研究计划及预期成果研究计划:2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日:按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料,填写毕业设计开题报告书。2012年12月3日-2013年3月1日 :填写毕业实习报告。2013年3月4日-2013年3月14日 :按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日:学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日:注塑模具正文设计。2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日:绘制装配图和零件图。2013年4月26日-2013年5月20日:毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果:通过不同方案的比较,以及考虑不同因素的影响,最后确定合理的LED导光柱注塑模具设计方案,该方案能够最大程度地满足使用要求。特色或创新之处(1)适用于本厂的某生产线的优化设计;(2)在不影响加工精度的前提下最大限度的减少成本,并降低工人的劳动强度和生产成本;(3)本课题的在满足使用要求的同时,充分考虑产品的外形美观。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题(1)设计思路已经非常明确,对注塑模具的设计流程有充分的认识;(2)通过四年的大学学习,我已经积累了一定的相关方面的经验;(3)学院图书馆收藏了许多有关专业方面的知识书籍和期刊等;(4)虽然在老师的指导下设计了相应的方案,但是依然会有某些因素没有充分考虑,另外产品能否符合人们的要求也依然未知。指导教师意见 指导教师签名:年 月 日教研室(学科组、研究所)意见 教研室主任签名: 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名: 年 月 日Chinas plastic mold industry and its development trendFirst: chinas plastic mold industryChinas industrial plastic moulds from the start to now, after more than half a century, there has been great development, mold levels have been greatly enhanced. Mould has been at large can produce 48-inch big-screen color TV Molded Case injection mold, 6.5 kg capacity washing machine full of plastic molds, as well as the overall car bumpers and dashboards, and other plastic mould precision plastic molds, the camera is capable of producing plastic mould , multi-cavity mold small modulus gear and molding mold. -Such as Tianjin and Yantai days Electrical Co., Ltd Polaris IK Co. manufactured multi-cavity mold VCD and DVD gear, the gear production of such size precision plastic parts, coaxial, beating requirements have reached a similar foreign the level of product, but also the application of the latest gear design software to correct contraction as a result of the molding profile error to the standard involute requirements. Production can only 0.08 mm thickness of a two-cavity mold and the air Cup difficulty of plastic doors and windows out of high modulus, and so on. Model cavity injection molding manufacturing accuracy of 0.02 to 0.05 mm, surface roughness Ra0.2 m, mold quality, and significantly increase life expectancy, non-hardening steel mould life up to 10 30 million, hardening steel form up to 50 10 million times, shorten the delivery time than before, but still higher than abroad.The present condition of the plastic mould level at home and abroad:The whole, China plastic mould whether in quantity, or in quality, technology and ability has made a great progress, but with the needs of the development of the national economy, the world advanced level, compared to a gap still. Some large, sophisticated, complex, the long life of high-grade plastic mould still need to import a lot of every year. In the total amount of demand exceeding supply at the same time, some cheap plastic mold but supply exceeds demand, market competition is intense, and some technical content is too high middle-grade plastic mould also has the trend of supply exceeds demandJoining the WTO, plastic mold and die industry to bring huge challenge, at the same time bring more opportunities. Because of Chinas cheap plastic mold to products, product price obvious advantages, some even only 1/5 of the price the foreign product one third to, to join the WTO, foreign similar products to domestic little impact, and cheap Chinese exports of mould is increase; In the high precision mould, before joining the WTO was mainly rely on imports, join WTO, not only for the exquisite products import has brought more convenient, but also lead to more foreign investment to China factory, bring foreign advanced mould technology and management experience, to cultivate Chinese professional mould talents to the role.In recent years, Chinese plastic mould manufacturing conditions have improved greatly. Large plastic mould has produced single set of weight can up to 50 tons of injection mold, precision plastic mould has reached the accuracy of 2 m, precision parts high small module gear mould and reach the requirements of the highlights learn lamp mould etc has also can produce, plastic mold cavity has been able to produce a mode of plastic mold cavity 7800, high-speed mold production speed can have up to 6 m/min above the high-speed plastic different profile extrusion die and the dual chamber co-extrusion profiles, double-color coextrusion, soft hard co-extrusion, were crowded, again of extrusion and low foaming raw steel-plastic co-extrusion, etc. Various kinds of mold. In the production means, mould enterprise equipment to numerical control rate has increased greatly, CAD/CAE/CAM technology has greatly expanded the applications, high speed processing and RP/RT adoption of advanced technologies such as has been more and more, standard mould using coverage and die commercialization rate is greatly improved, the share of mould of hot flow path are improved greatly. In addition, foreign invested enterprise vigorous development of further promoted the plastic mould design and manufacture level and improve the management level of enterprises, some enterprise already informatization management and digital no PIC manufacturing.As mould design and processing enterprises to raise the level of, mould manufacturing is from the past relies mainly on the transformation of the skills of fitter mainly rely on technology. This is not only the means of production change, and change the way of production and the rise of the concept. This is a trend that the standardization of mould continuous improvement, the precision of more and more high, production cycle is more and more short, fitter proportion more and more low, and finally promote the overall level of the die and mould industry is rising. China mold and die industry at present more than 10 national high and new technology enterprise, about 200 high technology and new technology enterprise. And adapt to the trend, the main production mold backbone strength from skill talented person gradually into technology talents is an inevitable requirement. Of course, now and for quite a long time, and highly talented person still very important, because after all, hard to get rid of mould to skill depend on.Existing main problemsChina plastic mould industry and foreign standards, mainly exist in the following questions.(1) the unbalanced development, product overall level is low. Although the individual enterprise products has reached or come close to the advanced international level, but overall, the accuracy, the roughness of the cavity surface, production cycle, life index and international advanced level there is a big gap between compared. Including production mode and the overall level of enterprise management, with foreign industrial developed countries there are compared for more than 10 years the gap.(2) process equipment backward, organization and coordination ability is poor. Though some of the technological transformation of the enterprise after in recent years, has been more advanced technology and equipment level, some of the foreign invested enterprise level of equipment is not behind abroad, but most of the enterprise process equipment is still lag behind. More importantly, the enterprise organization coordinated ability is poor, difficult to integrate or transfer of social resources use, thus it will be difficult to undertake larger projects.(3) most enterprise development ability is weak, the innovation ability is not enough. On the one hand, low level of technical personnel proportion is not quite high, on the other hand is the scientific development less input; More important concepts backward, insufficient attention to innovation and development. Mould enterprise not only to pay attention to the development of the mould, also want to pay attention to the innovation of the product.(4) short-term relief to the contradiction between supply and demand. In recent years, domestic plastics mould domestic market meet rate has been less than 74%, including a large, precision, long life mold meet more rate low, less than 60% estimate. Meanwhile, industrial developed countries are accelerating the mould transferring to China, international purchasing more and more, the international market has a good prospect. The market demand, production is difficult to keep up with development at that time, in short supply situation will continue for a period of time.There are many reasons which creates the above disparity ,the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficientlyAlthough the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult .(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine Mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick .(3) The craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability Because receives large and complete small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement .Process, the multi-material plastic molding die, efficient multicolor injection mould, inserts exchange structure and core pulling Stripping the innovative design has also made great progress. Gas-assisted injection molding, the use of more mature technologies, such as Qingdao Hisense Co., Ltd., Tianjin factory communications and broadcasting companies, such as mold manufacturers succeeded in 29 34-inch TV thick-walled shell, as well as some parts on the use of gas-assisted mould technology Some manufacturers also use the C-MOLD gas-assisted software and achieved better results. Prescott, such as Shanghai, such as the new company will provide users with gas-assisted molding equipment and technology. Began promoting hot runner mold, and some plants use rate of more than 20 percent, the general heat-thermal hot runner, or device, a small number of units with the worlds advanced level of rigorous hot runner-needle device, a small number of units with World advanced level of rigorous needle-hot runner mould. However, the use of hot runner overall rate of less than 10%, with overseas compared to 50 80%, the gap larger.In the manufacturing technology, CAD / CAM / CAE technology on the level of application of a new level to the enterprise for the production of household appliances representatives have introduced a considerable number of CAD / CAM systems, such as the United States EDS UG , the United States Parametric Technology Pro / Engineer, the United States CV CADS5 company, the British company DOCT5 Deltacam, HZSs CRADE Japan, the companys Cimatron Israel, the United States AC-C-Tech Mold Company and Australias MPA Mold flow Mold analysis software, and so on. These systems and the introduction of the software, although a lot of money spent, but in our country die industry, and achieving a CAD / CAM integration, and to support CAE technology to forming processes such as molding and cooling, such as computer simulation, and achieved certain The technical and economic benefits, promote and facilitate Chinas CAD / CAM technology. In recent years, Chinas own development of the plastic mould CAD / CAM system has achieved significant development, the main guarantor Software Engineering Institute, is the development of CAXA, Huazhong University of Science HSC5.0 development of the system and injection mold CAE software, and so on, these Die of domestic software with the specific circumstances in the application of computer and lower prices, and other characteristics, in order to further universal CAD / CAM technology has created good conditions.In recent years, China has been more extensive use of some new plastic mold steel, such as: P20, 3Cr2Mo, PMS, SM , SM , and the quality of life of mold has a direct significant impact on the overall use of the still less . Plastic Moulds standard model planes, such as standard putter and spring has given more applications, and there have been some of the commercialization of domestic hot runner system components. However, at present China Die level of standardization and commercialization in the general level of below 30 percent and foreign advanced industrial countries has reached 70 percent compared to 80 percent, still a large gap. Table 1, at home and abroad plastic mould technology comparison table? Domestic projects abroad cavity injection model mm0.02 accuracy of 0.005 0.01 0.05mm cavity surface roughness Ra0.01 0.05 mRa0.20 m non-hardened steel die life 10 to 60 million 10 30 million hardened steel die life 160 300 million of 50 100 million hot runner mould overall utilization rate of more than 80 per cent less than 10 per cent level of standardization of 70 80% less than 30% of medium-sized plastic mould production cycle about a month 2 4 months in the mold industry in the amount of 30 to 40% 25 to 30% According to the parties concerned forecast, the markets overall vigorous mold is a smooth upward, in the next Die market, the development of plastic mould faster than the other Die, die in the proportion of industry will gradually improve. With the continuous development of the plastics industry, put on the plastic mold growing demands is a normal, and so sophisticated, large-scale, complex, long-life plastic mould development will be higher than the overall pace of development. At the same time, imports in recent years because of the mold, precision, large, complex, long-life die in the majority, therefore, reduce imports, increase Guochanhualu: perspective, in the mold of such high-end market share will gradually increase. The rapid development of the construction industry so that the various Profile Extrusion Die, PVC plastic pipe fittings Die Die market become a new economic growth point, the rapid development of highways, car tires also put a higher demand, radial tire Die, Die particularly active pace of development will also be higher than the overall average level of the plastic and wood, plastic and metal to make plastic molds in the automotive, motorcycle industry in the demand for huge household appliances industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period have greater development, especially refrigerators, air-conditioners and microwave ovens, and other parts of the great demand for plastic moulds, and electronics and communications products, in addition to audio-video products, such as color televisions, laptop computers and set-top boxes will be given a wider network development, which are Plastic Mold market is the growth point.Second:the direction of the future major developments of Chinas plastic mould industrial1: Rraising large, sophisticated, complex, long-life mold design and manufacturing standards and proportion. This is due to the molding plastic mould products increasingly large, complex and high-precision requirements, as well as requirements for high productivity and the development of a multi-mode due. 2: In the design and manufacture of plastic mould fully promote the use of CAD / CAM / CAE technology. CAD / CAM technology has developed into a relatively mature technology common in recent years CAD / CAM technology hardware and software prices has been reduced to SMEs generally acceptable level of popularity for further create good conditions; based on network CAD / CAM / CAE system integration structure the initial signs of emerging, and it will solve the traditional mixed CAD / CAM system can not meet the actual production process requirements of the division of collaboration; CAD / CAM software will gradually improve intelligence plastic parts and the 3-D mold design and prototyping process 3-D analysis will be inour plastic mouldindustries play an increasingly important role. 3: Promote the use of hot runner technology, gas-assisted injection molding technology and high-pressure injection molding technology. Using hot runner mould technology can improve the productivity and quality of parts and plastic parts can be substantial savings of raw materials and energy conservation, extensive application of this technology is a big plastic mould changes. Hot Runner components formulate national standards, and actively produce cheap high-quality components, the development of hot runner mold is the key. Gas-assisted injection molding product quality can be guaranteed under the premise of substantially lower cost. Currently in the automotive and appliance industries gradually promote the use of the Chiang Kai-shek. Gas-assisted injection molding of the ordinary than the traditional injection of more parameters need to identify and control, and its more commonly used in large, complex products, mold design and control more difficult, therefore, the development of gas-assisted molding flow analysis software It seems very important. On the other hand in order to ensure precision plastic parts to continue to study the development of technology and high-pressure injection molding and injection-compression molding mould and die technology is also very important.4: The development of new plastics molding technology and rapid economic mold. To adapt to more variety, less volume of production. 5: And improve standardization of plastic mould standard parts usage. Chinas mold and die level of standard parts standardization still low, the gap between the large and foreign, to a certain extent constraining the development of industries in our country die, die to improve quality and reduce manufacturing costs Die, Die standard parts to vigorously promote the application. To this end, first of all, to formulate a unified national standards, and in strict accordance with the standards of production, secondly it is necessary to gradually scale production, to improve the commercialization of the standard of quality, and reduce costs; again it is necessary to further increase the standard specifications of varieties. 6: Die application quality materials and advanced surface treatment technology for improving the quality of life and mold it is necessary.7: research and application of high-speed die measurement technology and reverse engineering. CMM-use 3D scanner or reverse engineering is the realization of plastic moulds CAD / CAM one of the key technologies. Research and Application of diversity, adjustment, cheap detection equipment is to achieve the necessary precondition for reverse engineering.我国塑料模具工业现状及发展趋势一、我国塑料模具工业现状我国塑料模工业从起步到现在,历经半个多世纪,有了很大发展,模具水平有了较大提高。在大型模具方面已能生产48英寸大屏幕彩电塑壳注射模具、6.5kg大容量洗衣机全套塑料模具以及汽车保险杠和整体仪表板等塑料模具;精密塑料模具方面,已能生产照相机塑料件模具、多型腔小模数齿轮模具及塑封模具。如天津津荣天和机电有限公司和烟台北极星I.K模具有限公司制造的多腔VCD和DVD齿轮模具,所生产的这类齿轮塑件的尺寸精度、同轴度、跳动等要求都达到了国外同类产品的水平,而且还采用最新的齿轮设计软件,纠正了由于成型收缩造成的齿形误差,达到了标准渐开线齿形要求。还能生产厚度仅为0.08mm的一模两腔的航空杯模具和难度较高的塑料门窗挤出模等等。注塑模型腔制造精度可达0.020.05mm,表面粗糙度Ra0.2m,模具质量、寿命明显提高了,非淬火钢模寿命可达1030万次,淬火钢模达501000万次,交货期较以前缩短,但和国外相比仍有较大差距。国内外塑料模具的现状及水平:整体来看,中国塑料模具无论是在数量上,还是在质量、技术和能力等方面都有了很大进步,但与国民经济发展的需求、世界先进水平相比,差距仍很大。一些大型、精密、复杂、长寿命的中高档塑料模具每年仍需大量进口。在总量供不应求的同时,一些低档塑料模具却供过于求,市场竞争激烈,还有一些技术含量不太高的中档塑料模具也有供过于求的趋势。加入WTO,给塑料模具产业带来了巨大的挑战,同时带来更多的机会。由于中国塑料模具以中低档产品为主,产品价格优势明显,有些甚至只有国外产品价格的1/51/3,加入WTO后,国外同类产品对国内冲击不大,而中国中低档模具的出口量则加大;在高精模具方面,加入WTO前本来就主要依靠进口,加入WTO后,不仅为高精尖产品的进口带来了更多的便利,同时还促使更多外资来中国建厂,带来国外先进的模具技术和管理经验,对培养中国的专业模具人才起到了推动作用。 近年来,中国塑料模具制造水平已有较大提高。大型塑料模具已能生产单套重量达到50t以上的注塑模,精密塑料模具的精度已达到2m,制件精度很高的小模数齿轮模具及达到高光学要求的车灯模具等也已能生产,多腔塑料模具已能生产一模7800腔的塑封模,高速模具方面已能生产挤出速度达6m/min以上的高速塑料异型材挤出模具及主型材双腔共挤、双色共挤、软硬共挤、后共挤、再生料共挤出和低发泡钢塑共挤等各种模具。在生产手段上,模具企业设备数控化率已有较大提高,CAD/CAE/CAM技术的应用面已大为扩展,高速加工及RP/RT等先进技术的采用已越来越多,模具标准件使用覆盖率及模具商品化率都有较大幅度的提高,热流道模具的比例也有较大提高。另外,三资企业的蓬勃发展进一步促进了塑料模具设计制造水平及企业管理水平的提高,有些企业已实现信息化管理和全数字化无图制造。随着模具企业设计和加工水平的提高,模具的制造正在从过去主要依靠钳工的技艺转变为主要依靠技术。这不仅是生产手段的转变,也是生产方式的转变和观念的上升。这一趋势使得模具的标准化程度不断提高,模具精度越来越高,生产周期越来越短,钳工比例越来越低,最终促进了模具工业整体水平不断提高。中国模具行业目前已有10多个国家级高新技术企业,约200个省市级高新技术企业。与此趋势相适应,生产模具的主要骨干力量从技艺型人才逐渐转变为技术型人才是必然要求。当然,目前及相当长一段时间内,技艺型人才仍十分重要,因为模具毕竟难以完全摆脱对技艺的依靠。存在的主要问题 中国塑料模具行业和国外先进水平相比,主要存在以下问题。 (1)发展不平衡,产品总体水平较低。虽然个别企业的产品已达到或接近国际先进水平,但总体来看,模具的精度、型腔表面的粗糙度、生产周期、寿命等指标与国外先进水平相比尚有较大差距。包括生产方式和企业管理在内的总体水平与国外工业发达国家相比尚有10年以上的差距。 (2)工艺装备落后,组织协调能力差。虽然部分企业经过近几年的技术改造,工艺装备水平已经比较先进,有些三资企业的装备水平也并不落后于国外,但大部分企业的工艺装备仍比较落后。更主要的是,企业组织协调能力差,难以整合或调动社会资源为我所用,从而就难以承接比较大的项目。(3)大多数企业开发能力弱,创新能力明显不足。一方面是技术人员比例低、水平不够高,另一方面是科研开发投入少;更重要的是观念落后,对创新和开发不够重视。模具企业不但要重视模具的开发,同时也要重视产品的创新。 (4)供需矛盾短期难以缓解。近几年,国产塑料模具国内市场满足率一直不足74%,其中大型、精密、长寿命模具满足率更低,估计不足60%。同时,工业发达国家的模具正在加速向中国转移,国际采购越来越多,国际市场前景看好。市场需求旺盛,生产发展一时还难以跟上,供不应求的局面还将持续一段时间。造成上述差距的原因很多,除了历史上模具作为产品长期未得到应有的重视,以及多数国有企业机制不能适应市场经济之外,还有下列几个原因: (1)国家对模具工业的政策支持力度还不够 虽然国家已经明确颁布了模具行业的产业政策,但配套政策少,执行力度弱。目前享受模具产品增值税的企业全国只有185家,大多数企业仍旧税负过重。模具企业进行技术改造引进设备要缴纳相当数量的税金,影响技术进步,而且民营企业贷款十分困难。 (2)人才严重不足,科研开发及技术攻关投入太少 模具行业是技术、资金、劳动密集的产业,随着时代的进步和技术的发展,掌握并且熟练运用新技术的人才异常短缺,高级模具钳工及企业管理人才也非常紧张。由于模具企业效益欠佳及对科研开发和技术攻关重视不够,科研单位和大专院校的眼睛盯着创收,导致模具行业在科研开发和技术攻关方面投入太少,致使模具技术发展步伐不大,进展不快。 (3)工艺装备水平低,且配套性不好,利用率低近年来我国机床行业进步较快,已能提供比较成套的高精度加工设备,但与国外装备相比,仍有较大
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