河南省郑州市高考英语考前冲刺 阅读理解考前自练题8.doc

郑州市2014高考英语阅读理解考前自练题科普知识类阅读理解federal regulators wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert(警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones. text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. the wireless industrys trade association, ctia, estimates(估计)more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month. the plan comes from the warning alert and response network act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nations emergency alert system. the act tasked the federal communications commission(fcc) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies. “the ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the american public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” fcc chairman kevin martin said following approval of the plan. participation in the alert system by carrierstelecommunications companiesis voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry. the program would be optional for cell phone users. they also may not be charged for receiving alerts.there would be three different types of messages, according to the rules. the first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. the second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. the third would be reserved for child abduction(绑架) emergencies, or so-called amber alerts. the service could be in place by 2010.1. what is the purpose of the approved plan? a. to warn people of emergencies via messages.b. to popularize the use of cell phones.c. to estimate the monthly number of messages.d. to promote the wireless industry.2. the improvement to the present system is in the charge of.a. ctiab. the warning alert and response network actc. fccd. federal regulators3. the carriers participation in the system is determined by.a. the us federal governmentb. mobile phone usersc. the carriers themselvesd. the law of the united states4. which of the following is true of cell phone users? a. they must accept the alert service.b. they may enjoy the alert service for free.c. they must send the alerts to others.d. they may choose the types of messages.5. an alert message will not be sent if.a. a child loses his wayb. a university shooting happensc. a natural disaster happensd. a terrorist attack occurs6. which of the following would be the best title for the text? a. cell phone alerts protecting studentsb. cell phone alerts by wireless industryc. cell phone alerts of natural disastersd. cell phone alerts coming soon【参考答案】21.1-5 accba 6 d阅读理解-科普常识类(2013浙江，b)below is a selection from a popular science book.if blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?actually，veins are not blue at all.they are more of a clear，yellowish colour.although blood looks red when its outside the body，when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，its more of a dark reddish purple colour.at the right depth，these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.which works harder，your heart or your brain?that kind of depends on whether youre busy thinking or busy exercising.your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.but，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.why do teeth fall out，and why dont they grow back in grownups?baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.once this second set of teeth has grown in，youre done.when theyre gone，theyre gone.this is because nature figures youre set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.do old people shrink as they age?yes and no.many people do get shorter as they age.but，when they do，it isnt because theyre shrinking all over.they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.if you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？no，because old people dont really shrink！it is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.when they do get shorter，its because the spine has shortened a little.or，more often，become more bent and curved.why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling.the brain senses that youre spinning using special gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.but，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!where do feelings and emotions come from?mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.all mammals have this brain areafrom mice to dogs，cats，and humans.so all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.but since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.if exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.and as far as your body is concerned，its “use it，or lose it”！its not that exercise makes you healthy；its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.1what is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?ablue. blight yellow.cred. ddark reddish purple.解析细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“.its more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。答案d2why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?abecause their spine is in active use.bbecause they are more easily affected by gravity.cbecause they keep growing backwards.dbecause their spine becomes more bent.解析细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。答案d3which of the following statements about our brain is true?ain the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.bwhen our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.cthe brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.dour feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.解析细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“but，in the long run，your brain.”可知答案为a项。此题最易误选b项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。答案a4what is the main purpose of the selection?ato give advice on how to stay healthy.bto provide information about our body.cto challenge new findings in medical research.dto report the latest discoveries in medical science.解析写作意图题。考生易误选d项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择b项较全面。答案b阅读理解my father was chief engineer of a merchant ship ，which was sunk in world war ？the book night of the u-boats told the story。memoriesin september ，1940，my mother ,sister and i went to swansea ,where my father s ship was getting ready to sail ,we brought him a family photography to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe .then i remember my mother lying face down ,sobbing .she had heard from a friend that the ship had been sunk by a torpedo (鱼雷).i can remember the arrived of the telegram（电板），which in those days always brought bad news .my grandmother opened it ,it read ,safe .love ted.”my most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my fathers knee, his arm in a bandage.he was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in glasgow for the rest of the war, for as long as i can remember ,he had a weak heart ,mother said it was caused by the torpedoes .he said it was because of the cigarette ,whichever ,he died suddenly in his early 50s.ten years later i read night of the u-boat and able to complete the story . a toast in my room is the book and the photograph .often , glass in hand, i have wondered how i would have dealt with an explosion ,a sinking ship ,a jump into a vast ocean and a wait for rescue ?lest (以免 )we forget ,i have some more whisky and toast the heroes of the war.( ) 1. we can infer that the mother and children went to swansea _.a. to meet a friend b. to see the father c. to take a family d. to enjoy the sailing of the ship ( ) 2.w hat did the author learn about the father from the telegram ?a. he was still alive b. his knee was broken c. his ship had been sunk d. he had arrived in glasgow ( ) 3.the underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refers to the fathers _ .a. weak heart b. taking a shore job c. failure to return d. injury caused by a torpedo ( ) 4.what can we know about the authors father after his ship was attacked?a. he lost his armb. he repaired the engines c. he managed to take a lifeboat d. he was the last to leave the ship ( ) 5. what is the passage mainly about?a. a group of forgotten heroes b. a book describing a terrifying battle c. a ship engineers wartime experience d. a merchants memories of a sea rescue 文章大意：文章介绍父亲经历的沉船事件1. b 推理判断题。找到memories下面第一段，文章讲到父亲从s起航，我们带给他family photograph目的是be kept with him和keep him safe,推断出我们是去给父亲送行2. a 细节理解题。telegram 定位，找到memories 下面第三段，电报内容：safe,确定a3. a 代词指代词。父亲说it是由cigarettes引起，母亲说it由torpedoes引起，it只代前文的week heart.4. d 细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句he was alone 确定d5. c 主旨大意题，c正确。其它选项错误原因：a, forgotten heroes 在文中都没有涉及；b terrible battle 没有提；d merchants memories应该是作者（merchants child 的 memories）阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。awe know the famous onesthe thomas edison and the alexander graham bells but what about the less famous inventors? what about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？shouldnt we know who they are?joan mclean thinks so. in fact, mclean, a professor of physics at mountain university in range, feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. in addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and ”how” questions. according to mclean,” when students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”so, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? well, mary anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to new york city. the day was cold and stormy, but anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a built-in device for cleaning the window. still wondering about this when she returned home to birmingham, alabama, anderson started drafting out solutions. one of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，its hard to imagine driving without garrett a morgans traffic light. its equally impossible to picture a world without katherine j. blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible, can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?( ) 1. by mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are .a. beneficial, because their inventors are famousb. beneficial, though their inventors are less famousc. not useful, because their inventors are less famousd. not useful, though their inventors are famous( ) 2. professor joan mcleans course aims to