河南省鲁山县高考英语二轮复习 完形填空讲解及选练.doc

河南鲁山县2016高考英语完形填空【二轮】讲解及选练浅谈高考题型完形填空（二）一、命题解读完形填空（二），要求学生根据上下文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补充完整后，要结构完整、前后连贯、意思通顺。本节侧重考查学生在篇章理解基础上对于基础知识的运用能力。从考查内容看，除考查词汇外, 还考查功能语法。以考查冠词、数词、代词、介词、连词等词类作为对单项的补充，句法的考查以复合句的引导词为主，注重从上下文、逻辑关系和固定搭配判断（无对名词和动词的考查）。这就要求学生具有一定的语言运用能力，即：(1) 阅读与理解语篇的能力；(2) 分析句子结构的能力。学生应学会正确分析句子结构，区分主从句的层次；(3) 熟练运用语法知识的能力。二、解题策略我们在做完形填空(二)时，可以从词义、词性、词形三方面入手。1. 判断词义即由句意判断空格处所缺词的词义，确定单词。主要通过对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义，关键是找准句子间的逻辑关系和主要信息。(1) 对比法：根据对比关系来判断所缺单词的含义。通常句中含有表示对比关系的连词、副词或短语等，如but, or, however, on the contrary, on the other hand等。(2) 逻辑判断法：通过找准句子间存在的逻辑关系来判断词义。(3) 常识联想法：根据生活或科普常识的联想来确定词义。(4) 语境线索法：根据空格处上下文中某些关键单词或词组，推断出所填词语的含义。2. 判断词性根据句子结构和语法功能，判断空格处所缺单词的词性。如名词前空格，通常填冠词、形容词；修饰动词和整个句子，通常用副词等。3. 判断词形要注意单词的正确形式。如当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是可数名词还是不可数名词，是单数形式还是复数形式；形容词要看是用原级还是比较级或最高级；代词则要考虑用主格还是宾格等。完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。mr. and mrs. king have lived in our town for nearly twenty years. they have a bookshop by the bus station. theyre _1_ to everybody and have a lot of friends. they often _2_ the poor students and sell them some books cheaply. so therere many young men in their shop. of course people _3_ them and their friends often call on (拜访) them and _4_ them. we can always hear their rooms are full of _5_ and quarrel.it was a friday evening. mr. and mrs. king were going to have a picnic on the island the next _6_. it was a little far from our town. so they had to _7_ earlier than usual to catch a six oclock train. after _8_ a few friends came to see them while they were cooking some _9_ and drinks for the picnic. mr. king and his wife had to stop _10_ them. they talked a lot and few of them looked at the _11_ on the wall. mr. and mrs. king were anxious (焦急) but they couldnt tell the visitors about it. the woman thought for a few _12_ and had an idea. she said to her _13_, “oh, its eleven oclock! youd better stop talking, dear! our guests are anxious to _14_!mr. king heard this and stood up and said _15_ to the visitors and they left soon.名师点评这是一则委婉地谢绝客人的故事, 这也是我们平时很容易遇到的事。(b)1. a. hadb. polite c. cold d. careful;【解析】b。根据下文have a lot of friends可以推断他们待人友好(friendly)。(a)2. a. helpb. hurt c. hitd. watch【解析】a。他们帮助穷困的学生。(d)3. a. knowb. understandc. meetd. like【解析】d。根据上文得知，别人都很喜欢他们。(c)4. a. play withb. fight with c. talk withd. catch up with【解析】c。talk with 表示聊天。(d)5. a. cryb. shout c. noised. laugh【解析】d。他们的家里总是充满了欢笑。(a)6. a. morningb. afternoon c. evening d. laugh【解析】a。根据下文他们要赶早班车得知是早上。(b)7. a. go to workb. get upc. go to sleepd. open the shop【解析】b。为了赶早班车他们不得不早起，故选get up。(c)8. a. breakfastb. lunch c. supperd. meal【解析】c。这是一个星期五的晚上，故是晚饭后。(d)9. a. clothesb. bags c. booksd. food【解析】d。他们正在为第二天的野餐准备食物和饮料。(b)10. a. receiveb. to receive c. receivingd. to accept【解析】b。停下（手中的事）来做某事，用stop to do sth.，另外receive sb. 表示接待某人。(c)11. a. phoneb. photo c. clock d. picture【解析】c。他聊得很尽兴，以致于忘了时间，也就是忘了看墙上的钟。(a)12. a. minutesb. days c. weeks d. months【解析】a。这里指很短的时间。(b)13. a. visitorb. husband c. brotherd. father【解析】b。(a)14. a. go homeb. go to bed c. go shopping d. have a rest【解析】a。表示时间已经不早了，客人们肯定着急要回家了。(c)15. a. hello b. goodbye c. sorry d. nothing【解析】c。丈夫向客人道歉，表示是自己忘了时间，这样客人就不会尴尬了。完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。its never easy to admit(承认) you are in the wrong. we all _1_ to know the art of apology. think how often youve done wrong. then count how many _2_ youve expressed clearly you were _3_. you cant go to bed with an easy mind if you do _4_ about it.a doctor friend, mr. lied, told me about a man who came to him with different kinds of signs: headaches, heart _5_ and insomnia (失眠). _6_ some careful exams, mr. lied found nothing _7_ with him and said, “if you dont tell me whats _8_ you, i cant help you.” the man admitted he was cheating his brother of his inheritance(遗产). then and there the _9_ doctor _10_ the man write to his brother and _11_ his money. as soon as the _12_ was put into the post box, the man suddenly cried. “thank you,” he said to the doctor, “i think ive got _13_.”an apology can not only save a broken relationship(关系) but also make it _14_. if you can think of someone who should be _15_ an apology from you. do something about it right now.名师点评这是一篇关于学会如何道歉的短文，它提醒人们要学会认识自己的错误，并能够为自己的错误道歉。做不到这一点会造成自己心理上的压力，甚至带来疾病。(c)1. a. decide b. havec. need d. try 【解析】c。这里指的是人们有必要了解道歉这门艺术。(d)2. a. mistakes b. people c. ways d. times 【解析】d。times这里表示次数。(a)3. a. sorry b. weak c. sad d. wrong 【解析】a。根据上文，承认错误决非易事，道歉更是一门艺术，此时作者是建议读者计算一下有过多少次是能清楚地表达自己的歉意的，所以选sorry。(c)4. a. something b. anything c. nothing d. everything 【解析】c。如果你对自己的错误什么也不去做, 你睡觉也不会睡得好。(a)5. a. trouble b. matter c. illness d. problem【解析】a。这里表示心脏有毛病。(b)6. a. before b. after c. till d. since 【解析】b。(b)7. a. well b. wrong c. good d. bad 【解析】b。nothing wrong 表明这个人生理没有任何问题, 看下文就可以知道这一点。(d)8. a. hurling b. changing c. touching d. worrying 【解析】d。(a)9. a. clever b. silly c. good d. kind 【解析】a。这是一名很聪明的医生, 所以他提出了下面一个方法。(d)10. a. made b. helped c. saw d. let 【解析】d。made 具有强制性的意思, 故选let sb. do sth.好。(a)11. a. returned b. gave c. kept d. paid 【解析】a。上文得知这人骗了哥哥的遗产, 所以还了他所欠的钱才能治好他的心病。(d)12. a. paper b. box c. money d. letter 【解析】d。根据后面的post box可以得知这里是指寄出了那封信。(b)13. a. better b. well c. sick d. worse【解析】b。这个人其实没有病, 所以在解决了心理问题后,他一下子觉得好了, 而不是好转, 故选well而不是better。(c)14. a. never b. worse c. stronger d. harder 【解析】c。道歉不仅可以挽救破碎的人际关系, 还可以增强人与人之间的联系。harder指的是具体事物的“坚硬”, 故此处不当。(a)15. a. given b. received c. known d. forgotten【解析】a。give sb. an apology意为“向某人道歉”。2016高考完形填空选练 完型填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。as a kid i loved everything about school. i loved books, 41 , tests and homework. most of all i longed to someday march down the aisle (通道) to receive my 42 . that seemed more appealing even than getting married. but at 15, i had to 43 because my parents 44 afford tuition. my hope of getting a diploma was dead. pretty soon, i married. i had three children, and i thought: “there 45 my diploma.”even so, i wanted my children to be educated. but linda, our youngest child, had juvenile arthritis (幼年型关节炎) in her 46 and knees, which made it 47 for her to function (活动) in a normal classroom. one day, i saw an ad in the newspaper for evening courses. “thats the answer,” i said to myself. linda always feels 48 in the evening, so ill just sign her up for night schoo1. linda was busy 49 out enrollment (入学) forms when the secretary said: “mrs schantz, why dont you come back to 50 ?”i 51 : “theres no way! im 55!” 52 he insisted, and before i knew what i had done, i was enrolled for classes in english and crafts. “this is only an experiment,” i 53 him, but he just smiled. to my surprise, both linda and i thrived (茁壮成长) in evening school. i went back again the next semester, and my grades 54 improved. it was 55 going to school again, but it was no game. sitting in a class full of kids was awkward, 56 most of them were respectful and encouraging. during the day, i still had loads of housework to do, but when i was down, linda encouraged me. “morn, you cant 57 now!” and when she was down, i 58 her. together we saw it through. at last, i got my diploma. 59 , my classmates voted unanimously (一致地) for me to be class speaker, and i got a 3, 000 college scholarship. yes, mom, i was late for school, but i got there 60 . 41. a. parents b. teachers c. trees d. flowers42. a. job b. present c. certification d. diploma43. a. drop out b. watch out c. keep outd. find out44. a wouldn t b. couldn t c. shouldn t d. needn t45. a. goes b. comes c. exists d. breaks46. a .hands b. head c. eyes d. stomach47. a. 1ikely b. frequent c. easy d. impossible48. a. worse b. excited c. better d. annoyed49. a. giving b. taking c. filling d. sending50. a. work b. school c. home d. office51. a. 1aughed b. told c. argued d. shouted52. a. and b. but c. although d. so53. a. informed b. asked c. warned d. convinced54. a. regularly b. happily c. steadily d. naturally55. a. interesting b. disappointing c. concerned d. exciting56. a. as if b. even if c. in case d. if only57. a. continue b. rest c. quit d. hesitate58. a. raised b. discouraged c. cheered d. defeated59. a. to my surpriseb. to my satisfaction c. to my relief d. to my credit60. a. naturally b. frequently c. constantly d. eventually参考答案41-45 bdaba 46-50 adccb 51-55 abccd 56-60 bccad完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。several years ago i studied in a university in the biggest city in our country. its beautiful but its hot in _1_. so i usually returned to my hometown when my _2_ began. it is not big, but its cool and quiet. i could _3_ in the daytime and have a good sleep at night.one day i had some _4_ to solve. but i didnt take the dictionaries home. my father told me charlie, one of my _5_, had a good library. i went to his house at once. we didnt see each other after i _6_ middle school. at first he didnt recognize me. he _7_ me up and down. and then he called out, “oh, dear! its you, fred!”of course we were _8_ to meet each other again and talked a lot about our schoolmates and _9_. later on he showed me around his library. it wasnt big but there were a lot of nice books in it. and the dictionaries i _10_ were in them too. at last i said, “_11_ you lend some dictionaries to me, please?”“im sorry i dont lend any books to _12_,” said the young man.“are you afraid ill _13_ them?”“no, im not. im afraid you wont _14_ them to me. look! all the books are not _15_, but borrowed!”名师点评这篇短文主要讲了charlie家里有许多藏书，却没有一本是自己买的，所以他从不借书给别人，因为他怕别人都和他一样。本题的不少答案只从缺空所在句子的语意和语法是无法确定