河南省鲁山县高考英语二轮复习 完形填空讲解及训练题.doc

河南鲁山县2016高考英语完形填空【二轮】讲解及训练题2014高考英语完形填空（通用版）考前精讲精练（答案）完形填空解题技巧近年来的高考完形填空越来越注重考查考生通过对上下文的理解来选择正确答案，要求考生在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，正确理解上下文语境和逻辑关系，准确把握词汇在语篇层面的意义。因此，考生在解题时一定要注意通览全文、抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。一、解题步骤根据完形填空的题型特点及答题要求，解题时应注意以下基本原则和解题步骤：1. 注意并认真分析文章首句，它是了解全文大意的窗口。做完形填空题需要联想，而第一句就如同联想的翅膀，要有效地利用它，因此要尽量从第一句捕捉更多的信息。2. 答题前，要通读全文，而不要急于逐一作出选择。完形填空考查考生对文章的整体理解，因此解题时千万不要只拘泥于空格所在的句子，尤其是开篇的前几空；也不要在没有弄懂文意的时候依次逐一填空。第一遍阅读时，对于那些较明显的答案，可以作出同步选择，而那些一时还不能确定的选项，待读完一遍并明确大意后再回头做，就可以做到心中有数，从而尽可能地提高答题的准确率。3. 通读全文并掌握文章大意后，再回头逐个选出正确答案。此时要处处紧扣主旨大意，并明确作者的主观态度，紧密联系上下文，让选择的答案符合主题思想和前后逻辑关系。4. 得出全部答案后，要求再通读全文，校对答案。这时要一气呵成，对短文的大意和情节形成一个整体明白的概念，以便查出错误，及时改正。二、解题技巧在具体解答完形填空题时，我们还可以采用一些小技巧(有人称微型技巧)。常用的微型技巧有：(1)根据上文推知答案；(2)根据下文推知答案；(3)根据语言(尤其是形容词和副词)的感情色彩推知答案；(4)根据句型特点推知答案；(5)根据事理逻辑或常识预设答案；(6)根据语法和习惯用法得出答案；(7)根据作者的情感倾向推知答案；(8)根据连词and, but, or和so等所提供的递进、转折、选择和因果关系等选择答案。下面我们以2013年四川卷完形填空题为例对解题技巧作具体的分析：例 (2013年四川)“look, its baldy!” a boy shouted in my direction across the playground. even though i was used to regular insults (侮辱) because of the 11on my head, it was 12 horrible to hear. i sighed as i headed back to the class.when i was just 20 months old, i suffered serious 13 after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head. i was 14 to hospital and had to say there for weeks while the doctors 15 to save my life. “hollys very 16 to be alive,” they told mum and dad. “but shell be 17 with scars on her head, and of course her hair wont grow there.”as a child, i cared much about my scars, so i 18 wore a scarf to cover them up when i left home. 19 i didnt, people would call me horrible names like baldy. although my friends were always comforting me, they never 20 understood how it felt.then through the hospital i was 21 to a childrens burns camp, where children like me can get any help. there, i 22 14-year-old stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine. but she is so 23 that she never lets anyone put her down. “you shouldnt 24 what people say about what you look like because were not different from anyone else, holly,” she 25 me. “and you dont need to wear a scarf because you look great 26 it!” for the first time in my life i could speak to someone whod been through something 27. so weeks later, at my 13th birthday party, 28 by her bravery, i gave up my scarf and showed off my scars. it felt amazing not having to 29 away behind my scarf.now, i am 30 of what i look like and much happier, because i have realized it is your personality (个性) that decides who you truly are.11. a. hat b. scarf c. scars d. cuts12. a. still b. just c. never d. seldom13. a. hunger b. cold c. defeats d. burns14. a. rushed b. led c. invited d. forced15. a. learned b. fought c. returned d. decided16. a. happy b. lucky c. lonely d. poor17. a. pressedb. occupied c. left d. painted18. a. possiblyb. usually c. finally d. nearly19. a. although b. since c. if d. before20. a. correctlyb. roughly c. easily d. really21. a. promoted b. introduced c. reported d. carried22. a. met b. recognized c. remembered d. caught23. a. honest b. strong c. active d. young24. a. write down b. agree with c. pass on d. listen to25. a. promised b. encouraged c. ordered d. calmed26. a. in b. for c. without d. beyond27. a. similar b. strangec. hard d. important28. a. allowedb. requiredc. guided d. inspired29. a. hide b. give c. keep d. put30. a. sick b. aware c. tired d. proud【答案与解题技巧】11-15 cadab16-20 bcbcd 21-25 babdb 26-30 cadad本文为夹叙夹议文。通读全文，了解文章大意：作者幼年时一次烧伤使她头上留下伤疤，因此常受到他人的侮辱而倍感难过。后来作者参加了一个儿童烫伤营，期间得到了另一个乐观开朗孩子的鼓励从而使作者又重新振作了起来。限于篇幅，下面只对几个典型的题例进行解析。根据下文推知答案 第11空。单从所给选项还无法选定第11空的正确答案，直到读到第二段中的after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head才推知作者被同学嘲笑的是头上因为烫伤而留下的伤疤，而不是刀痕。根据上文推知答案 第27空。根据上文中的.14-year-old stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine可知stephanie和作者一样也有过烧伤经历。第29空。根据上文i 18 wore a scarf to cover them up when i left home可知作者以前通常戴头巾来掩盖伤疤，后来受到stephanie的鼓励，她丢掉了头巾，露出了伤疤，终于不必再“躲”在伤疤背后过日子了。根据常识或事理逻辑推知答案 第14空。作者二十个月大的时候遭遇了一次严重的烧伤。根据常识或事理逻辑可知，被热油烫伤后作者应该是被家人匆忙送到了医院。第15空。这一空很容易误选d，但根据常识可知，医生抢救和治疗病人绝不是“决定”与否的事，而是必须要做的事。此处表示医生们努力挽救她的生命。根据关联词和句子逻辑关系推知答案第12空。根据关联词even though可推知，尽管作者已经习惯了因头上的伤疤所带来的侮辱，但是她仍然害怕听到。第16和17空在逻辑联系上非常紧密，根据转折词but可得出它们的正确答案。尽管她幸运地活了下来，但是却难免会在头上留下伤疤。第18空。根据前半句as a child, i cared much about my scars和关联词so可知，当作者是一个小孩子的时候，她非常在意头上的伤疤，所以出门时通常都戴上头巾把伤疤遮盖起来。第20空。根据句中关联词although可推知，尽管朋友们总是安慰作者，但是他们并不能真正理解那种感受。根据句型特点推知答案第23空。此句为so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句，表示 “如此以致于”。 stephanie的伤虽然比作者的严重得多，但是她如此坚强以致于不允许任何人羞辱到她。根据语言的感情色彩推知答案 第30空。根据空后的much happier可知作者为现在不戴头巾而露出伤疤的样子感到自豪，比以前更开心了。 三、解题技巧补充根据语法知识选择答案(2013年山东)by the end of the year, i had several new friends, and two of 45 are still my best friends today. 45. a. us b. which c. them d. whom根据语境可知此处表达：他们中的两个现在仍然是“我”最好的朋友，可排除a、b两项；根据连词and可知此处不是定语从句，故选c项。(2013年辽宁)37 she loved her parents and her family, she desired to live in such a house and 38 all day about how wonderful and exciting 39 must feel to live there. 37. a. unlessb. althoughc. since d. but38. a. dreamedb. worriedc. asked d. shouted39. a. this b. that c. it d. which第39空。it是介词about后的宾语从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是to live there。尽管她爱她的父母和家庭，但是她还是渴望生活在这样一座房子(充满金色阳光的美妙的房子)里，她幻想住在那里会是多么的美好和令人兴奋。根据固定搭配选择答案(2013年江西)“what are you doing?” a voice asked. diane jumped. she did not know that the man was there 44 he spoke.44. a. when b. until c. after d. once第44空。notuntil为固定搭配，表示“直到才”。直到那个人开口说话，她才知道那儿还有人。完形填空【2013四川省绵阳市第三次诊断】on june 17,2012，my daughter gave me a new wallet as a fathers day present.it was a perfect gift considering that my purse used for nearly a decade was much_1_.i took the opportunity as well to_2_some cards，notes，or small pieces of paper in it that were no longer needed.as i_3_out the old wallet，i was amazed at how much it_4_.carefully i went through its_5_piece by piece and_6_them to their new home.as i was looking at them，i_7_the organ donor card (器官捐赠卡) that i had signed nine years ago._8_，it hadnt yet been called into use.still，it felt good knowing that_9_something should happen to me，i would be able to give another person a second chance of_10_.as i_11_the card into my new wallet，i started thinking about all the_12_things we can donate to help others today.we can donate our time，our talents or our wisdom.we can_13_ our kindness.we can_14_ our light into the darkness.we can donate every bit of love and joy inside of us.and the greatest thing of all is that when we do，we_15_that we have even more to share than when we start.maybe you wish to_16_an organ donor card so you can give something after you_17_.but dont be afraid to give something now while you are still _18_.be a donor.make your entire life a(n)_19_to others.donate all your _20_things to make this world a better and brighter place.1.abeautifulbsmall cworn dexpensive2a.keep backbput asidecget through dthrow away3a.sortedbemptied cwiped dhanded4a.calculated bheldcowned dsold5a.papersbbelongingscpockets dcontents6a.attachedbfixed cmoved dcontributed7a.came across bgot throughcwent over dbrought about8. aunexpectedly bthankfullycregretfullydunfortunately9a.unlessbthough csince dif10a.risk bwillclifedlength11a.placedbdipped cpushed dturned12a.sparebother cvitaldleftover13a.performbaffordccast dgive14a.shinebidentifycexploredseek15a.findbpredict cguarantee dstress16a.purchasebwrite cmake dsign17a.agree breturncdie dretire18a.energeticbalivecfaithfuldreliable19a.option bload cgift daward20a.wonderful bplaincdreadful ddisgusting语篇解读本文通过作者的亲身经历告诉我们一个道理：人们在活着时也可以捐出美好的东西，让这个世界成为一个更美好、更光明的地方。1解析：考虑到“我”用了将近十年的钱包非常旧了，这是一个完美的礼物。worn陈旧的，符合语境。答案：c2解析：“我”也利用这个机会扔掉(throw away)旧钱包中不需要的物件。答案：d3解析：当“我”倒空(emptied)旧钱包时，“我”惊讶于旧钱包居然能装那么多东西。答案：b4解析：参见上题解析。hold容纳，符合语境。答案：b5解析：“我”仔细地检查旧钱包中的小物件，并把它们移到新钱包里。contents所容纳之物，符合语境。答案：d6解析：参见上题解析。move移动，符合语境。答案：c7解析：当“我”查看钱包中的小物件时，“我”偶然发现(came across)九年前签的器官捐赠卡。答案：a8解析：庆幸的是，它还没用过。thankfully庆幸地，符合语境。答案：b9解析：知道如果(if)“我”有什么不测，“我”可以给另一个人第二次生命(life)，这让“我”感觉很好。答案：d10解析：参见上题解析。答案：c11解析：当“我”把卡放入新钱包时，“我”开始思考今天我们可以捐献给其他人以帮助他们的其他的(other)一切东西。place放置，符合语境。答案：a12解析：参见上题解析。答案：b13解析：我们可以捐出我们的时间、才能或智慧。我们可以给予善良。give给予，符合浯境。答案：d14解析：我们可以用我们的光照亮黑暗(的地方)。shine照射，把照向，符合语境。答案：a15解析：最重要的是，当我们这么做的时候，我们会发现(find)与开始的时候相比，我们有更多的东西可以与别人分享。答案：a16解析：也许你想要签(sign)一张器官捐赠卡，这样你死(die)后就可以捐献某些东西。第一段中的“the organ donor card(器官捐赠卡)that i had signed nine years ago”是线索提示。答案：d17解析：参见上题解析。答案：c18解析：但是现在在你活着的时候也不要害怕捐赠物品帮助他人。alive活着的，符合语境。答案：b19解析：做一个捐赠者。让你的整个一生对别人来说是一个礼物。gift礼物，与文章开头女儿给“我”的礼物相呼应。 答案：c20解析：捐出你所有美好的东西，让这个世界成为一个更美好，更光明的地方。wonderful令人惊叹的，奇妙的，符合语境。答案：a完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。i have tried many ways to be 1 . i dont wear a sweater when i 2 , and two days ago i walked in the 3 without my shoes. but so far nothing 4 . debbie once told me about a boy in her class who liked 5 school. he would rub(摩擦) the end of the thermometer (温度计) until it went 6 to 39. then hed put it in his mouth and his mother would think he was 7 ill.this morning i tried doing that but it 8 went above 35 and i rubbed it for ten 9 . so i held the thermometer 10 the light on my desk and it went up to 40. i thought id put it in my mouth and walk downstairs like that. 11 my mother would take it out and she would be 12 when she saw that i was rather ill.the only trouble was i didnt know the thermometer would be so 13 , as soon as i put it into my mouth i burnt my tongue(舌头)! i spit (吐) the thermometer out. it fell 14 the floor but it 15 .名师点评这是一篇小幽默。一个男孩为了装病，用尽了各种办法想告诉妈妈自己的体温很高，结果差点儿烫伤了自己。(c)1. a . well b. fine c. ill d. bad 【解析】c。根据下文得知，这个小孩就是想让自己生病。(b)2. a . could b. should c. must d. might【解析】b。这里应选择