语法部分(六)现在完成时.doc

语法部分(六)现在完成时一、现在完成时1.构成：have/has+ v.过去分词（done） 否定：have/has not+ v.过去分词+ 疑问：Have/Has+ 主语+ v.过去分词+ 2. 用法：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与already, just, yet, ever, never, before(句末)等连用. 注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. I have seen the film.I havent seen the film yet.表示过去已经开始，延续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。常与for, since, ever since, so far等连用。 They have known each other since they came to this school. He has taught English for two years. 注意:有些动词是非延续性的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性词。 die be dead begin/startbe onfinish/endbe over leavebe away (from)come/go/arrivebe in/at openbe openclosebe closedjoin be a member of be a member ofborrowkeep buyhave have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别。 have/ has gone to have/ has gone to去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来 have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了 have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用 Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao? for 和since的用法及区别。 for 与一段时间连用如：for five years指从现在算起过去的五天包括现在在内的一段时间。 since 与时间点连用，为过去时间状语或过去时态的句子。如since 1989since 1989指从1989年那一时刻起直到现在。 I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. 自1970年以来我去过上海两次。 I havent seen her since she left Shanghai. 自她离开上海，我一直没见着她。 I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since then I have never seen her. 六年前我见过平平，从此再没见过她。 3现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。 现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。 例：He has studied English for five years.他已学英语五年了（说明他还继续学下去） He studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） He has opened the door.他已开了门。（门已打开） He opened the door. 他开了门。（门打开过，现在是否开着，不知道。） 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。 遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时，当有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时，when 一定不能用于现在完成时。 4.过去分词的变化规则(1)规则变化一般在动词原形后加-ed look-looked need- needed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i， 再加-ed study -studied carry-carried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop -stopped plan -planned以-r音节结尾的词，双写字母r， 再加-ed ,如;prefer -preferred (2)不规则变化与动词原形词型相同的，如：come(原型)-came(过去式)-come(过去分词)与过去式词型相同的，如：build(原型)-built(过去式) -built(过去分词) 自己单独一个形态的 ，如：do(原型)- did(过去式) - done(过去分词)注：有的过去分词有两种形态，如learn(原型)-learned, learnt(过去式) - learned, learnt(过去分词)现在完成时练习题 I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2._ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .3._ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice. 4._ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.5.My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.6.Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.7.Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city.8.I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.9.So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.10.How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.II.句型转换(每空一词)。1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就划线部分提问)_ _ he come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ learned English ?4.I bough a new bike just now.(用just改写) I _ just _ a new bike.5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)We _ _English _three yearsHe has never surfed, （改成反意疑问句）?10. They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问) have they been here? 7. The old man last year. (die) 8. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变) This factory for twenty years. 9. Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同上）Miss Gao an hour ago. 10.The Greens moved to France two years ago. （同上） two years the Green family moved to France. 11. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上） The bus ten minutes.、单项选择1.Where is Mr Liu? Hethe library. A.has been toB. has goneo toC.has been in2.The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A.so they B.dont they C.have they D.havt they 3.I like Hainan. I there three times.A.went B.go C.have been D.have gon4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we here for three years. A.have been to B.have been in C.have been D.have gone5.- How long you your dictionary?- About two monthsA.did; buy B.have; get C.have; had D.have; bough6.He tells me heChina for over five years. A.has been B.has been in C.has been to D.has gone to7. has Mr White been a member of G