工程硕士专业英语论文格式.doc

工程硕士课程考试试卷考试科目： 专业英语 考生姓名： 赵波 考生学号： 20151703005 学 院： 城环学院 专 业： 环境工程 考 生 成 绩： 任课老师 (签名) 试卷形式： 课程论文 交卷日期： 2016年1月15日 专业外语工程硕士：张某某 On the sponge CityAbstract - Sponge City, is a new generation of urban stormwater management concept, refers to the city in the adaptation to environmental changes and to deal with the natural disasters caused by rain and other aspects of a good elastic, can also be called the city of water elasticity. In the increasingly prominent urban ecological problems are increasingly prominent, the state introduced a series of policies to promote the construction of sponge city. The construction of the sponge City, through the source control, drainage control and storage at the end of three approaches to. This paper also introduces some technical measures of the construction of sponge city from three aspects: the collection of water, water storage and the use of water.Keywords- Sponge City Policy Construction Technical measures0 Introduction Since the reform and opening up, especially since twenty-first Century, Chinas social and economic construction has made great achievements, Chinas urbanization process is accelerating. The China to create and refresh the record of one city construction, have mushroomed coming out of the building and spider web like dense concrete road, witnessed the development of the city, which has brought more and more environmental problems. Rapid urbanization and including the effect of climate change, change the condition of storm runoff from urban areas, the total runoff increases, peak flow increased, peak appeared ahead of time and urban large permeable surface, after rainfall in rapid formation of surface runoff, and carrying belt and scattered sewage water into the city water system, increases the water deterioration. In addition, urban storm runoff increased after may expose existing drainage ditches, drains and bridge over the lack of capacity of water that caused urban waterlogging, causing the loss of property. Therefore, the regulation of rainfall and runoff is an important measure to improve the service function of urban ecosystem. Learning general secretary at the end of 2013, the central work conference on the work of the Central Committee, vigorously develop the sponge city. As a national strategy, sponge City considering the urban waterlogging, water resource shortage, water pollution and other urban development is facing many problems, from the angle of water to the city , opened the new mode of the urban construction.1 The concept of sponge CityThe concept of sponge city originated from the sponge used in the industry and academia to compare the adsorption function of the city. For example, the Australian population research scholar, Budge applied to the city of sponge metaphor adsorption phenomenon. Sponge city is a new generation of urban rain flood management concept, is refers to the city in adapting to environmental changes and respond to the rain brought by natural disasters has good elastic, also known as water elastic cities. International general term for low impact development of rainwater system construction. When it rains, the system can absorb water, save water, let the water seepage, can also purify the water, if necessary, can also be used to release before the storage of water and use.2 Construction of sponge City2.1 Policy support for the construction of Chinas sponge cities In recent years, the state has adopted a series of policies to promote urban construction of sponge, these policies in construction concept, fund, pilot selection, technical guidance, and other aspects of the sponge urban construction to support and promote the development of. With the introduction of 16 sponge city pilot cities, detailed planning, design, construction and other work is entered into the specific implementation stage.To protect the peoples life and property security, improve the level of urban disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities and security, strengthen urban waterlogging drainage facilities, on March 25, 2013, the general office of the State Council issued a do a good job of urban waterlogging drainage facilities construction work notice.In September 6, 2013, the State Council issued the opinions on strengthening the construction of urban infrastructure. This is the first time since the reform and opening up, in the name of the State Council issued a document on the construction of urban infrastructure.Ministry of Housing and Urban - Rural Development of the Peoples Republic issued on the sponge urban construction technical guidelines issued - Construction of low impact development of rainwater system (for Trial Implementation) Notice, to sponge city and low impact development system construction planning, design, construction, maintenance and management make guidance, and provide some specific cases.December 31, 2014, the Ministry of Finance issued a notice on the central government to support the construction of the sponge city pilot work notice, in the capital of the city to build a sponge to state financial assistance.January 2015, the Ministry of finance, the MOURD, Ministry of water resources jointly issued the Declaration on the organization of 2015, the sponge of pilot cities for urban construction notice, notification contained in the annex to the 2015 sponge of pilot cities for urban construction declaration guide clearly for the first time to declare the pilot city eligibility audit requirements, including: urban development of waterlogging drainage infrastructure, storage of rainfall, flood and emergency management ability strong demand; the principle of pilot area with a total area of not less than 15 square kilometers, annual average rainfall is not less than 400 mm; give priority to encourage the transformation of the old city project, including urban water system, urban landscape, municipal roads, green residential district.October 2015, the general office of the State Council issued the on promoting the sponge urban construction guidance deployed to promote the sponge urban construction work, from four aspects of strengthening planning guidance, co-ordinate orderly construction, improve the support policy, organization and implementation etc., and puts forward the 10 specific measures.This series of intensive policy responses to the countrys high attention and support for the construction of the sponge city will play a huge role in promoting the construction and development of the sponge city.2.2 The construction way of sponge CityPays great attention the sponge urban construction through the mechanism construction, the planning, design and implementation of the construction, operation and management of the whole process, coordination and control, pay more attention to realizing the goals, the use of urban green space, water and other natural space or the construction of artificial water space, priority through the green stormwater infrastructure, combined with gray rainwater infrastructure, application of overall planning detention, storage, permeability and net, and row and other means to achieve multiple stormwater runoff control objectives, to restore the city healthy hydrological cycle.2.3 Technical measures for the construction of sponge City2.3.1 Measures to collect water 2.3.1.1 Rain gardenRain garden is natural or artificial excavation of the shallow concave green is used to converge and absorption from the ground or on the roof rainwater, through the combined effects of plant, soil so that rainwater purification, and gradually seep into the soil and Groundwater Conservation, or to supply landscape water, toilet water city water. This is a kind of ecological sustainable stormwater control and rainwater utilization facilities.The structure of the rain garden from the inside is gravel and sand, soil layer, covering layer and water layer. At the same time, a perforated pipe is provided to collect rainwater, and the overflow pipe is arranged to eliminate the water which exceeds the design water storage amount.2.3.1.2 Ecological retention areaEcological residence zone and rainwater garden functions are basically the same, but ecological residence zone soil for engineering and technical requirements are quite strict, for soil and water supply and drainage engineering structure also have clear requirements, and according to the position of different ecological residence zone, ecological tree pool, ecological detention pond and. If the collection, transmission and emission of runoff stronger demand for it, you can set the grass ditch. Grassed swales for cross section is triangular or trapezoidal strip concave green is on both sides of the road greening isolation belt strip. Because the flow speed is relatively fast, in the grass ditch should be to the stone at the bottom to prevent soil erosion. If the grassed swales vertical slope greater than 4 degree, you should set energy dissipation sill slow water flow, can according to the design style of different energy dissipation sill.2.3.1.3 Constructed wetlandArtificial wetland is by the artificial construction and control the operation of the swamp and more similar to the ground, will control the dosing to the construction of artificial wetlands, sewage and sludge in the process of flowing along a certain direction, the main use of soil, artificial medium, the plant, microorganism in physics, chemistry and Biology triple synergy, the processing technology of the sewage and sludge of sewage and sludge. This system can be the rain garden, grass ditch measures collected rainwater centralized purification, and other processing techniques together to form a multifunctional rainwater storage system, to create a pleasant wetland landscape.2.3.1.4 Green roofIf the roof of the load-bearing, waterproof and the slope of the right, you can build a green roof. Helps to complete the roof rainwater reduction and purification. Generally speaking, the structure of the green roof is as follows: planting soil layer, filtering layer, drainage system, anti root layer, isolation layer, waterproof layer and roof.2.3.2 Water storage measuresRain water buckets, underground water tanks, and other major water storage measures are common.A rain barrel is smaller rainwater collection, precipitation, purification facilities, located above the ground, in order to ensure the safety, the above should normally be provided with a fine mesh to prevent debris, children fall into a rain barrel, can also prevent mosquito oviposition. Untreated rainwater was classified as non potable water, in addition to not drink outside, to be used for flushing toilets, watering plants, washing clothes, washing, bathing, etc. Widely used in residential areas such as low density areas.In construction of a high density region can be set in underground water storage tank, a greater capacity, due to buried in the ground, more secure.2.3.3 Water use measuresThe use of water is the final part of the water treatment of sponge City, it is the resource utilization of rainwater collection and storage. Will be collected and purified water in various aspects of the use, can reduce the demand for tap water to ease the pressure of water, improve the recycling of water resources.The collected rainwater can be used for cleaning the road of sanitation, used for the irrigation of municipal greening or farmland, and is used for industrial construction, for washing the car, for the use of urban landscape water