江苏省泗阳中学高三英语 书面表达专项如何使你的文章增色.doc

江苏省泗阳中学2013届高三书面表达专项-如何使你的文章增色近年来，高考英语科目书面表达的评分标准发生了很大的变化。过去，学生的作文尽管语言平淡但是内容完整，表达正确的话就有可能会取得高分。现在，按照新的评分标准最多只能给及格分。所以，对照新的评分标准，我们在书面表达的训练中，要摒弃“只求达，不求雅”的传统观念，要训练学生大胆运用复杂句式和不同结构，适当使用高级词汇，努力确保文章连贯流畅，打破传统的仅仅使用“主谓宾”或“主系表”等五种基本句式来表达内容。一. 这里重点探讨如何使用不同的方式表达相同的意义以及怎样通过对句子的变化使文章增色。1. 通过“外在美”给文章增色一篇优秀的书面表达首先就是一件艺术品，字母大小匀称，单词间距适当，没有明显修改痕迹。因此在训练学生书面表达的同时一定要注重学生在书写方面的质量。2. 通过“词汇美”给文章增色。人靠衣装，文靠词装。从书面表达的评分标准可知，运用高级词汇对提高书面表达的档次和得分至关重要。我们常常提倡学生使用“亮点词汇”，这不等于使用一些偏词，怪词，而是要使用一些生动，具体形象的词语。这样就能够显出如：the job is difficult to do. the job is very challenging. the book is useful. the book is beneficial to us. / the book is of benefit to us. he lives happily here. he leads a colorful and meaningful life here. 3. 通过“衔接美”给文章增色。“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”是高考书面表达重要的评分依据。因此，为了使文章结构紧凑，自然流畅，段落之间要使用适当的过渡语，句子之间要使用逻辑性合理的衔接词。此处将衔接词分为七类。. 表示平行或递进，如 as well ( as ), at the same time, besides, furthermore, in addition (to), moreover, similarly, whats more 等。. 表示转折，although, while, however, though, on the contrary, otherwise, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, as a matter of fact, on the other hand, on the contrast, instead 等。. 表示目的或因果，如 as, as a result/ consequence of, because of, due to, owing to, on account of, since, therefore, thus, hence, consequently 等。. 表示层次或顺序，如 after, before, when, at last, last but not least, finally, next, then等。. 表示举例，如 for example/ instance, for one thingfor another, such as, like 等. 表示解释或说明，如 in other words, that is ( to say )等。. 表示归纳与总结，如 in a word, to sum up, all in all, in conclusion 等。4. 通过“句式”美给文章增色。句式单一，缺乏生气的文章，即使没有任何错误也不可能得高分。精彩句式的合理使用会增强语言的表达力，省略与替代交替使用，主动句与被动句交替使用，分词以及with复合结构等使用，都会给文章增色。下面将具体探讨通过句式的变化来给文章增色。. 功能强大，表现力丰富的with 短语 如：there is a bedroom, a bath room and a kitchen in the small flat. it is a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bath room, and a kitchen.the cars prices go down. so many families have bought cars with the prices of cars going down, more and more families have bought cars of their own.the internet has developed fast, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at the festivals time. with the development of internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at the festivals time. 倒装句 如：yu wei is such a diligent and successful man.such is yu wei, a diligent and successful man.the games were so attractive that we couldnt tear ourselves away from them. so attractive were the games that we couldnttear ourselves away from them.we can avoid suffering from the pressure of exams in this way. only in this way can we avoid suffering from the pressure of exams.i didnt realize my mistake until you pointed it out. not until you pointed it out did i realize my mistake. too to句型 如：they believe its early. they cant include an oral part in nmet now when the spoken english of most students is not good enough.they believe its too early to include an oral part in nmet now when the spoken english of most students is not good enough.im frightened and i cant speak. im too frightened to speak.not onlybut also句型 如：she studied hard and was ready to help others. she not only studied hard but also was ready to help others. not only did she study but also she was ready to help others.they argue that setting off firecrackers may not only cause air and noise pollution, but also do damage to human health and property. 省略句 如：now the poor houses have been replaced by green trees and the brick yard has been replaced by tall buildings. now the poor houses have been replaced by green trees and the brick yard by tall buildings.they needed the wood for its walls and needed branches and leaves for its roof. they needed the wood for its walls and branches and leaves for its roof. 名词性从句 如：fortunately, in time of danger, what the teacher said in a lecture on how escape when a fire breaks out ran through my mind. 比较级 如：the number of cars keeps increasing very fast, but we have not so many new roads the number of cars keeps increasing very fast, but we have not as many new roads as are need.in 1990, college students spent less than two hours in a week on computers.复合结构 如：i think it is necessary for the young to learn how to use computer in the age of knowledge. i think it necessary for the young to learn how to use computer in the age of knowledge.it is possible for ordinary people to own their own cars because of the decrease of the car prices. the decrease of the car prices makes it possible for ordinary people to own their own cars. 强调句 如：such wrong doings werent stopped until the government officials and the policeman came. it was not until the government officials and the policemen came that such wrong doings were stopped. when 如：i had just finished my homework when my mother asked me to help my sister with her homework.at a stand, a woman was buying an ice-cream, when a young man behind her snatched her bag away.i was walking along park road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.i was about to go out when my phone rang. 附加成分 如：on the lake, now clean and clear, the villagers often spend their spare time boating and fishing.more importantly, with the popularity of electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards, which contributes to the environment protection.分词短语 如：we will mostly stay at home in the evening watching tv, playing games, and meeting people.there be句型 如：there are many web sites on line where different varieties of cards are available.此句型简单，但蕴藏丰富变化，如还可以变为：there is sure to be; there happen to be; there seems to be; there used to beetc. 另外还可以与非谓语动词或定语从句配合使用，将更多内容整合在一起。. before句型 如：before we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers.i can not understand why the issue of syria has become so complicated before i learn more from the media.语态的变化 如： (1)two much reading in poor light sometimes causes poor eyesight.poor eyesight is sometimes caused by too much reading in poor light.(2)dont leave until i tell you to.dont leave until you are told to.(3)she objects to others troubling her when she is reading.she objects to being troubled when she is reading.5. 通过适当的谚语来给文章增色在英语的书面表达中，学生如果能够使用适当的谚语会给文章带来惊奇的效果。下面将列出一些比较常用的谚语供学生借鉴。. practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 . god helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。. easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。.where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。.one false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。.slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。.a fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。.experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。.all work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。.beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。.more hasty, less speed. 欲速则不达。.its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。. all that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。.look before you leap. 三思而后行。二. 根据以上的理论知识，按照要求完成下面的练习。1. people suggest that the conference be put off. (被动语态) the conference be put off.2. she walked out of the room and many students followed her. （非谓语动词）she walked out of the room， many students.she walked out of the room，many students .3. to his surprise, the little girl knew so many things. （名词性从句） was that the little girl knew so many things.4. the couple was so curious about wild plants that they decided to travel to the forest. （倒装） about wild plants that they decided to travel to the forest.5. regular radio broadcasts began in 1920. （强调句） regular radio broadcasts began.6. many lives were saved because there were the efforts of firefighters. the efforts of firefighters, many lives would not have been saved.三. 书面表达 1. 生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报“happy teens冶专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球、碰撞、争执,等等分析发生冲突的原因1. 遇事不够冷静2. 谈谈避免冲突的做法(请考生根据自己的经历或感想,提出至少两种做法)注意: 1. 对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。2. 词数150 左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。3. 作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。 苏华和李江抢篮球时，撞到了对方。 when su hua and li jiang try to catch the ball, they run into each other. su hua and li jiang bumped into each other, _ 发生争执导致关系紧张。 then they started shouting and yelling, leading to an intensive relationship. then they started shouting and yelling,_ 双方都有错，都不够冷静。 both of them are wrong and should be blamed because they are not calm. _, they were not calm enough they were not calm enough_ _means that they two should be to blame. calm enough, they-_ with each other. 友好的关系是和谐的必要因素。 we should be kind to each other and it is necessary for harmony. a good relationship is a must for harmony. _ 在这竞争激烈的社会当中，宽恕是一种美德。forgiveness is a good quality in the competitive society. _forgive and forget, _in such a competitive and stressful society.conflicts with others are common in everyday life.during the basketball game yesterday afternoon, . then they started shouting and yelling, and to be honest, and both said some really mean things. they cared too much about winning and losing. as a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.to avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, .it is also a virtue to forgive and forget, . instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. dont be self-centered and try to be considerate. we must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.2.简要描述上面图片，并谈谈你对学生在业余时间参加过多的补习和培训的看法写作要点：业余时间，学生补习太多，没有自己的时间。表达自己的观点：学生应有自己的时间。理由。 如今，学生在业余时间作业太多。today students have more homework during their spare time. nowadays students have _during their spare time._students in contemporary society are under huge pressure,_ 学生应该有更多的时间供自己支配。students should have more time to spend by themselves._students _more time to develop themselves._themselves in doing homework or taking lessons after school and that students are able to allocate time on their own is beneficial to developing their characters. 学生完成作业后放松是很有必要的。when students finish their homework, it is necessary to have some time to relax._their homework, students should _relax.after students finish their homework, _ 只工作不玩耍，聪明杰克也变傻。no play and no games make jack a dull boywe want to have our own timeas we all know, today students . then, students have no time for themselves. in my opinion, i think_.first, students should have some time to relax and play. this doesnt mean that they will waste time. we can also study and learn from the play. , it is necessary to have some time to relax. . we dont want to be dull boys. we want to be good students in many ways. second, we can have our own time in order to make our body strong enough; this can be h