广西贺州市高考英语二轮复习 社会文化阅读理解精练（4）.doc

社会文化阅读理解精练（4）社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2010北京,c)改编pacing and pausingsara tried to befriend her old friend steves new wife,but betty never seemed to have anything to say.while sara felt betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation,betty complained to steve that sara never gave her a chance to talk.the problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.conversation is a turn-taking game.when our habits are similar,theres no problem.but if our habits are different,you may start to talk before im finished or fail to take your turn when im finished.thats what was happening with betty and sara.it may not be coincidental that betty,who expected relatively longer pauses between turns,is british,and sara,who expected relatively shorter pauses,is american.betty often felt interrupted by sara.but betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from finland.and sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from latin america or israel.the general phenomenon,then,is that the small conversation techniques,like pacing and pausing,lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities.these habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式).and these social phenomena can have very personal consequences.for example,a woman from the southwestern part of the us went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel.when the personnel department got together for meetings,she kept searching for the right time to break inand never found it.although back home she was considered outgoing and confident,in washington she was viewed as shy and retiring.when she was evaluated at the end of the year,she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.thats why slight differences in conversational styletiny little things like microseconds of pausecan have a great effect on ones life.the result in this case was a judgment of psychological problemseven in the mind of the woman herself,who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.1.what did sara think of betty when talking with her?()a.betty was talkative.b.betty was an interrupter.c.betty did not take her turn.d.betty paid no attention to sara.2.according to the passage,who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?()a.americans.b.israelis.c.the british.d.the finns.3.we can learn from the passage that .a.communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacingb.women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the usc.ones inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimesd.one should receive training to build up ones confidence4.the underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means .a.being willing to speak ones mindb.being able to increase ones powerc.being ready to make ones own judgmentd.being quick to express ones ideas confidently语篇解读:本文为说明文。沟通方式的不同可能就会造成说话双方的误解,即便是一个小小的停顿都会有很大的影响。答案及剖析:1.c事实细节题。根据第一段的第二句while sara felt betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation可知。2.b推理判断题。根据文章的第三段所叙述的内容可以判断出选择b项。3.c推理判断题。通过对全文的理解以及第三段、第四段的例子可以得出结论。4.d猜测词义题。根据第四段对这位女士的描述可以得知她的问题出在哪里,因此d项符合题意。【长难句子分析】the general phenomenon,主语 then, is系动词 thatthe small conversation techniques,like pacing and pausing,表语从句 lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style表语从句 but about personality and abilities.表语从句普遍的现象就是(说话人)闲聊的技巧,例如节奏和停顿,会使人们在(对说话人)下结论时倾向于(他的)人品和能力而不是沟通的方式有问题。主句的谓语动词是is,后面带表语从句,从句中的谓语动词是lead。【阅读理解】 jacqueline bouvier kennedy onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else.after the death of her second husband，greek shipping magnate (巨头) aristotle onassis lacquelines close friend and former white house social secretary letitis baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career (职业) in publishing.after consideration，jacqueline accepted it.perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life. she became not less but more interested in reading.for the last 20 years of her life, jacqueline worked as a publishers editor, first at viking，then at doubleday, pursuing(追求)a latelife career longer than her two marriages combined.during her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books.among the first books were in the russian style and inventive paris clothes.she also succeeded in persuading tv hosts bill moyers and joseph campbell to transform their popular television conversation into a book ，the power of myth.the book went on to become an international bestseller.she dealt，too with michael jackson as he prepared his autobiography(自传)，moonwalk.jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations，but she soon proved her worth.her choices，suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to jacqueline herself.in the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.her books are the autobiogaphy she never wrote.her_role_as_first_lady，in_the_end，was_overshadowed_by_her_performance_as_an_editor.however，few knew that she had achieved so much. 本文主要讲述jacqueline在选择了编辑这一职业后所做出的成就。在这一行业里她的光芒甚至压过了她作为第一夫人的头衔。1we can learn from the passage that jacqueline_.abecame fond of reading after working as an editorbwas in charge of publishing 100 bookscpromoted her books through social relationsdgained a lot from her career as an editor答案：d。推理判断题。由文章内容可知，在第二任丈夫去世后 ，朋友推荐jacqueline考虑在出版业谋一职位，没有想到她在此行业取得了成功，即d项正确。2the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that_.ajacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as first ladybjacquelines life as first lady was more colorful than as an editorcjacqueline was more successful as an editor than as first ladydjacquelines role as first lady was more brilliant than as an editor答案：c。句意理解题。解本题的关键在于正确理解overshadow一词。通读全文可知，jacqueline作为编辑取得了巨大成功，光芒超过了她第一夫人的头衔，故c项正确。3what can be inferred from the passage?ajacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 years.bjacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually.cjacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited.djacquelines achievements were widely known.答案：c。推理判断题。由文章最后一段信息“in her books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.”可知她的一些个人观点在自己编辑的书中有所表露，故c项正确。4the passage is mainly_.aan introduction of jacquelines life both as first lady and as an editorba brief description of jacquelines lifelong experiencesca brief account of jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 yearsdan analysis of jacquelines social relations in publishing答案：c。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述jacqueline作为编辑所取得的成就，故c项正确。 阅读理解.theres an energy crisis in america, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “i just cant get started.” people say. but its not physical energy that most of us lack. sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. but in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. i can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.what youre seeking is not physical energy. its emotional energy. yet, sad to say life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. we work too hard. we have family obligations (义务). we encounter (遭遇) emergencies and personal crises. no wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue (疲劳), a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.and yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. even as a child i observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nevertheless faced life with optimism and vigor (活力). consider laura hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body wrote the best-seller seabiscuit. hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. but she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. it was emotional energy that helped her succeed. unlike physical energy, which is finite (有限的) and diminishes (减少) with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. so how do you get it? you cant simply tell yourself to be positive. you must take action. here are six practical strategies that work.1. do something new.very little thats new occurs in our lives. the impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: its like a tire(轮胎) with a slow leak（漏）. you dont notice it at first, but eventually youll get a flat. its up to you to plug the leakeven though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. thats where maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago. fortunately, maura had a lifelinea group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. their lively discussions spurred maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. she joined a gym in the next town. she changed her look with ashort haircut and new black t-shirts. eventually, maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business. heres a challenge: if its something you wouldnt ordinarily do, do it. try a dish youve never eaten. listen to music youd ordinarily tune out. youll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.2. reclaim lifes meaning.so many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale (厌倦的). the first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. a case in point is ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. “i mistakenly believed that all the money i made would mean something.” she says. “but i feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.” ivys solution? she started a program that shows wall streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. in the process, ivy filled her life with meaning.3. put yourself in the fun zone.most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived（缺乏的）. high-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. a real estate broker i know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients（客户）. “i love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care,” she says. “its a challengeand the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.” we all define fun differently, of course, but i can guarantee this: if you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly4. bid farewell （告别）to guilt and regret.everyones past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. but from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. while they cant merely be willed away, i do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened in the past, nothing can change that. holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.5. make up your mindsay youve been thinking about cutting your hair short. will it look stylishor too extreme? you endlessly think it over. having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. every time you cant decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and dont look back.6. give to get.emotional energy has a kind of magical quality: the more you give, the more you get back. this is the difference between emotional and physical energy with the latter. you have to get it to be able to give it. with the former, however, you get it by giving it. start by asking everyone you meet, “how are you?” as if you really want to know, and then listen to the reply. be the one who hears. most of us also need to smile more often. if you dont smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, youre sucking energy