语言学考试.doc

.Ineachquestiontherearefourchoices.Decidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertotheque-stion,orbestcompletesthesentence.(20%)1.Thestudyoflanguagedevelopmentoveraperiodoftimeisgenerallytermedas_linguistics.A.appliedB.diachronicC.comparativeD.syncronic2.Thestructuralapproachtotheanalysisoflanguagewasstartedby_.A.BloomfieldB.SaussureC.ChomskyD.J.Searle3.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?A.pB.mC.bD.t4.Thewords“make”and“bus”arecalled_becausetheycanoccurunattached.A.detivationalmorphemesB.inflectionalmorphemesC.boundmorphemesD.freemorphemes5.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are_.A.gradableantonymyB.converseantonymyC.synonymsD.co-hyponyms6.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas_.A.animate,human,male,adultB.animate,human,male,adultC.animate,human,male,adultD.animate,human,male,adult7.Whatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?”have?A.DirectiveB.PhaticC.InformativeD.Evocative8.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas_.A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords9.Whatistheconstructionofthesentence“Theboysmiled”?A.ExocentricB.EndocentricC.CoordinateD.Subordinate10.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesmeaningoflanguageincontextiscalled_A.semanticsB.sociolinguisticsC.pragmaticsD.psycholinguisticsII.Fillintheblankswiththemostsuitablewords.Eachblankrepresentsoneword.(20%)1.Ofallthespeechorgans,the_isthemostflexible.2.InproducingtheEnglishvowels,theairstreamcomingupfromthelungsmeetswithno_inwhatsoevermanner.3.Apersonwhostudieslinguisticsisusuallyreferredtoasa_.4.Alinguisticstudyis_ifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved,itis_ifittriestolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior.A.semanticsB.sociolinguisticsC.pragmaticsD.psycholinguistics5.Notallthesoundsoccurinthesameenvironment.Whentwosoundsneveroccurinthesameenviromnent,theyaresaidtobeinthe_distribution.6._morphemesareattachedtowords,buttheyneverchangetheirsyntacticcategory.7.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa_study.8._isahighbacklaxroundedvowel.9.AccordingtoChomsky,_structureexplainsthemeaningofasentence.III.Telltruestatementsfromfalse.WriteTfortrueandFforfalseones.(10%)1.Alabeledtreediagramisoftenemployedbygrammarianstoshowsemanticrelationsbetweenandamongwordsandphrases.2.fisadentalconsonant.3.“Willbeleaving”isanendocentricconstruction.4.Ofallthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage,displacementisthemostimportant.5.Theword“ungentlemanliness”hasfivemorphemes6.“MaryhasbeentoEurope”presupposes“Maryhasbeentoabroad”.7.TheCPPrinciple,putforwardbyP.Grice,hasfourmaxims,forwritingaswellasspeaking.8.Linguisticcompetenceisalanguageusersunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules.9.Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencepatternsofalanguage.10.Thedifferentmembersofaphoneme,soundswhicharephoneticallydifferentbutdonotmakeadifferentword,arephones.V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(30%)1.WhatisthemainideaofJ.Austinstheory?2.Discussthefourmaindesignfeaturesoflanguage.3.Explainthethreemainsub-typesofantonymybyusingexamples.4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenderivationalmorphemeandinflectionalmorpheme?5.Sentencesarebelievedtobebothlinearlyandhiera