英美国家概况PPT.ppt

ChapterOne Geography PeopleandLanguage Contents IGeography 1 GeographicalFeature2 Climate3 MajorCities MapoftheUK Readthemaptofind AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannel TheChannelTunnel TheRepublicofIreland Geography TheofficialtitleoftheUKtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandTheUKismadeupof GreatBritain theformerlyseparateEnglandandScotland andWales NorthernIrelandNumeroussmallerislands TitleandMakeupoftheUK Locationandterritory LocationoftheUK Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49 Nand61 Nandlongitudes8 Wto2 ETotalterritory 242 910squarekilometersInterestingFact NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km 75miles fromthesea Topography NorthernIreland It smostlyhilly Wales It smostlymountainous SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMidWales Scotland Itsgeographyisvaried withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest England itconsistsoflowlandterrain withsomemountainousterraininthenorth west northandsouth west BenNevisinScotland thehighestpointinUK RiversandLakes Thelongestriver SevernRiver 354kilometerslong Thesecondlongestriver Thames 332kilometerslong ThelargestLake LoughNeagh Thames LakeDistrict Lakepoets IWanderedLonelyasaCloud WilliamWordsworthIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho ervalesandhills WhenallatonceIsawacrowd Ahost ofgoldendaffodils Besidethelake beneaththetrees Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway Theystretchedinnever endinglineAlongthemarginofabay TenthousandsawIataglance Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance Lakepoets Thewavesbesidethemdanced buttheyOut didthesparklingwavesinglee Apoetcouldnotbutbegay Insuchajocundcompany Igazed andgazed butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought Foroft whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills Anddanceswiththedaffodils 2 Climate Maincharacteristics Temperate withwarmsummers coldwintersandplentyrainfallThreemajorfeatures WinterfogRainydaysInstability changeability 3 MajorCities London TheRiverThames thecapitalofEnglandandofGreatBritainthepoliticalcenteroftheCommonwealthamajorportoneoftheworld sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters Landmarks SymbolsofLondon ThepalaceofWestminster Landmarks SymbolsofLondon WestminsterAbbey BigBen Landmarks SymbolsofLondon St Paul sCathedral Landmarks SymbolsofLondon HydePark TowerofLondon Landmarks SymbolsofLondon TowerBridge BuckinghamPalace Landmarks SymbolsofLondon LondonEye MajorCities Edinburgh CapitalofScotlandadministrative financial legal medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitecture Landmarks SymbolsofEdinburgh EdinburghCastle PalaceofHolyrood MajorCities Cardiff Europe syoungestcapitalcityhasbeenthecapitalcityofWalesforaround50yearshometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationhasrecentlybecomeoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom Landmarks SymbolsofCardiff CardiffCityHall Landmarks SymbolsofCardiff MillenniumStadium CardiffCastle MajorCities Belfast CityHall thesecondlargestcitycapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccity Landmarks SymbolsofBelfast BelfastCastle IIPeople Overallpopulation over60millionsDistribution England about50millionScotland over5millionWales around3millionNorthernIreland about1 7million Ethnicity ThemajorityofthispopulationaredescendentsoftheAnglo SaxonsMostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeopleTheIrishpeoplewerealsoCelticinoriginimmigrants PercentageoftotalUKPopulation EthincGroupsoftotalWhiteBritish85 7 WhiteIrish1 2 White other 5 3 Mixedrace1 2 Indian1 8 Pakistani1 3 Bengali0 5 OtherAsian non Chinese 0 4 BlackCaribbean1 0 BlackAfrican0 8 Black others 0 2 Chinese0 4 Other0 4 IIITheEnglishLanguage 1 OldEnglish2 MiddleEnglish3 ModernEnglish4 StandardEnglish 1 OldEnglish 5th 11th LanguageofAngle SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsDanishwords Beowulf ThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodistheepicpoem Beowulf approximatelyAD900 Hw t WeGar Denaingeardagum eodcyninga rymgefrunon hu a elingasellenfremedon OftScyldScefingscea ena reatum 2 MiddleEnglish 11th 15th StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage andEnglishbecametheLanguageoflowerclassbig porksheep muttoncattle beefDevelopmentEnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeath TheCanterburyTales writtenbyGeoferyChaucer 14thecenturyWhanthatAprill withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour GeoffreyChaucer 3 ModernEnglish 15th Theprintingpress broughtstandardizationofEnglishSamuelJohnson sdictionary establishedastandardformofspellingRenaissance assimilatedforeignwordsthroughouttheRenaissanceTheIndustrialRevolution necessitatedtheintroductionofnewwordsfornewthingsandideasTheriseoftheBritishEmpireortheCommonwealthofNations ledtotheassimilationofwordsfrommanyotherlanguages Othello byWilliamShakespeare1603La Thointhetradeofwarre Ihaueflainemen YetdoeIholditveryftuftofConfcience Todoenocontriu dmurrher IlackeiniquitySometimestodoeferuice nineortentimes Ihadthoughttohaueierk dhimhere Vndertheribbes Oth Tisbetterasitis Whichcanbetranslatedas La ThoughinthetradeofwarIhaveslainman YetdoIholditverystuffo theconscience Todonocontrivedmurder IlackiniquitySometimestodomeservice nineortemtimesIhadthoughttohaveyerk dhimhereundert