江苏省海安县实验中学高一英语Module 1《Unit 1 School life 》Period 2 Grammar and usage 学案.doc

period 2 grammar and usageby hang longstep1 pre-class一、句子成分的定义：构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾 语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组或句子来担 任。句子是阅读理解和听力理解的最基本的单位。 主语（subject）：是一个句子中所要表达、描述的人或物，是句子的主体。主语可以由 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语和从句等来担任。 练：1. two and two are / is four.二加二等于四。 subject：two and two （数词） 2. smoking is bad to health. subject： 3. to see is to believe.眼见为实。subject： 4. the wounded have been taken to the hospital. subject： 5. what i know is important. subject： 谓语（predicate）：是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态（系表结构）。谓语由 动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 练：1. we dont know him very well. predicate：dont know 2. she speaks english fluently. predicate： 3. betty stayed awake at night and got up late predicate： 表语 (predictive)：是用来说明主语的性质, 身份, 特征和状态。表语一般放在联系动词 (link verb)之后，换句话说，凡是放在联系动词后面的都叫表语。常见的联系动词有：be, fall, feel, smell, sound, taste, seem, appear, look,等。练：1. she is a teacher. predictive：a teacher 2. i fell ill yesterday. predictive： 3. he looked tired. predictive： 4. the soup tastes delicious. predictive： 5. the problem is when we can get the money. predictive： 宾语（object）：是谓语动作所涉及的对象，它是动作的承受者，宾语可分为动词宾语 和介词宾语，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、词组或句子来担任。 练：1. i saw a cat in the tree.object：a cat 2. i want to go shopping. object： 3. i enjoy reading. object： 4. he said that he could be here. object： 5. im concerned about my friends safety. object： 6. i dont agree with what he said at the meeting. object： 定语 (attributive)： 用于描述或限制一个名词或代词的词叫做定语，定语可以由名词， 形容词和起名词和形容词作用的短语或句子担任。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面，如果是短语或句子，则要放在被修饰词的后面。 例：1. that is a beautiful flower.那是一朵漂亮的花。 attributive：beautiful 被修饰的词（word which is modified）flower 2. the tv set made in that factory is very good. attributive： 被修饰的词（word which is modified） 3. this is my book, not your book.这是我的书,不是你的书。 attributive： 被修饰的词（word which is modified） 4. i have a lot of things to do.我有好多要做的事情。 attributive： 被修饰的词（word which is modified） 5. the problem being discussed is hard to solve. attributive： 被修饰的词（word which is modified） 6. the girl who is standing under the tree is my classmate. attributive： 被修饰的词（word which is modified） 状语 (adverbial)： 说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、程 度或伴随等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词、分词、短语及状语从句来担任。 例：1. we went to the countryside last year by train for a holiday.去年我们去了乡下。 adverbial：last year (时间) by train （方式） for a holiday (目的) 2. i hurried to the station, only to find the bus has left. adverbial： 3. im late because i missed the bus.由于误了车,所以我迟到了。 adverbial： 4. leave the medicine where the children cant reach.把药放在孩子够不着的地方。 adverbial： 5. he stayed at home, watching tv all day long. adverbial： 6. he got up early in order to catch the first bus. adverbial： practice：analyze the following sentences. （分析下列句子）1) going to a british school for one year was a（very enjoyable and exciting） experience for me.主语： 状语： 谓语： 表语： translation： this sounded like my school in china. 主语： 谓语： 宾语： 状语： translation： 3) we had to move to different classrooms for different classes. 主语： 谓语： 介词宾语： 目的状语： translation： my english improved a lot as i used english every day and spent an hour each day reading english book in the library. 主语： 谓语： 原因状语： translation： 二、a brief introduction of attributive clause（预习指导：了解定义，无需过度关注语法词汇）1. definition(定义)： 做定语的句子叫定语从句。relative pronouns and adverbs：words used to introduce an attributive clause(引导词)： that，which,，who，whom，whose，as，when，where，why，prep. + which.antecedent：words that are modified by attributive clauses(先行词) 例：the place that interested me most was the childrens palace. analysis：定语从句：that interested me most 引导词：that 先行词：the place 练：1) do you know the man who i spoke to?analysis：定语从句： 引导词： 先行词： 2) this is the hotel where they stayed last year.analysis：定语从句： 引导词： 先行词： 3) this is one of the best films that have been shown this year.analysis：定语从句： 引导词： 先行词： 4) i will never forget the day when i lived in the countryside.analysis：定语从句： 引导词： 先行词： 5) the girl whose father is our head teacher works very hard.analysis：定语从句： 引导词： 先行词： 6) as we know, the great wall is famous all over the world.analysis：定语从句： 引导词： 先行词： 7) can you tell me the reason why you were absent yesterday?analysis：定语从句： 引导词： 先行词： 2. that引导的定语从句：既可指人亦可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语，当that作宾语时可以省略。 例：he said something that made me sad.analysis：that指代something，在从句中作主语。 练：1) he is the last person （that ）i want to make friends with.analysis： 2) they talked about the interesting things and persons that they met in africa.analysis： 3) he is the tallest person that i have ever met.analysis： 4) who is the man that you talked to just now?analysis： 只能用that的情况（温馨提示：不用死记硬背，其实记住两种不能用that的情况就可以了，即：不能引导非限制性定语从句；不能放在介词后面。）1) 先行词是everything， nothing，anything， something， much， little， none等 不定代词或由不定代词any， some，no， much，few， little，every，all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用 which。2) 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时，引导定语从句用that 。3) 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that 。4) 先行词被the very，the only等修饰且指物时，引导定语从句用that。5) 当先行词前面有who / which等疑问代词时，只用that。3. which引导定语从句指代物，在从句中可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可以省略，与that不同的是：which还可用于引导非限制定语从句（先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开），还可以和介词连用，一般放在介词后面。当which引导非限制性定语从句和放在介词后面时，无论作主语还是宾语都不能省略。例：her bag in which she put her money has been stolen.analysis： which放在介词in后面，which指her bag.， which做in的宾语，不能省略。 translation： 她放钱的包被偷了。练：1) she heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth.analysis： translation： 2) the pen with which he is writing is mine.analysis： translation： 3) they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.analysis： translation： 4) he failed the exam, which surprised everyone.analysis： translation： 4. who / whom 指物，who可以作从句的主语和宾语，whom只能作宾语，但是如果放在介词后面，只能用whom，且不能省略。 例：1) i have many friends, of whom some are businessmen. analysis：whom 引导定语从句放在介词of后面，作of的宾语，指代friends, 不 能省略。 translation：我有许多朋友，其中一些是商人。 练：2) do you know the man who is standing over there. analysis： translation： 3) who is the woman who/whom you are talking to just now. analysis： translation： 5. whose 既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语，意思是：“的”。 例：1) the woman whose bag was stolen turned to the police for help.analysis： whose指的是：the womanstranslation：包被偷了的这个妇女向警察求助。 练：2) i like the house whose windows face south.analysis： translation： 6. practice1) david was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.analysis： translation： 2) the paintings that david donated to the school are being displayed in the assembly hall.analysis： translation： 3) at the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers.analysis： translation： 4) the money with which you were to buy dog food is gone, but spot looks so hungry!analysis： translation： 5) eric sits on his bed looking at daniel, who has his arms crossed and looks angry.analysis： translation： 7. language points1) upon / on doing sth. 一就同义词：as soon as；the moment； immediately例：as soon as / the moment / immediately he finished his studies, he started travelling in china.upon / on arriving home, my mother started cooking. the moment i arrive home, my mother started cooking 注：upon / on 后也可接名词，意思不变。upon/on her arrival at home, my mother started cooking.on/upon hearing the news, she burst into tears. 一听到那个消息，她就哭起来。as soon as 2）more than 不仅仅是；不止；非常 例：(1) my parents are more than parents. they are my close friends.我的父母 是父母，他们还是我亲密的朋友。(2) we are more than happy to hear of the success of their team.听到他们对成功，我们 。(3) we were excited that the company was more than willing to offer us what we needed. 那家公司 我们所需要的，我们很激动。 注：no more than 仅仅；只不过he is no more than a worker. 他不过是一个工人。no + adj.比较级 + than 并不比更（否定两者）not + adj.比较级 + than （纯粹比较级的否定） 练：(4) you are more diligent than him. 你并不比他勤奋。 (两人都不勤奋)(5) he is more diligent than you. 他没有你那么勤奋。(意指你更勤奋)step 2 during class（课中）1. check answers 2. time for questions step 3 post-class（课后）1. read the article on page 9 and underline the attributive clauses you find in the article.2. complete the conversation on page 11.3. multiple choices1) the place _ interested me most was the childrens palace.a. which b. where c. what d. in which2) do you know the man _?a. whom i spoke b. to who spoke c. i spoke to d. that i spoke3) this is the hotel _ _ last month. a. which they stayed b. at that they stayedc. where they stayed at d. where they stayed4) do you know the year _ the chinese communist party was founded? a. which b. that c. when d. on which5) that is the day _ ill never forget. a. which b. on which c. in which d. when6) the factory _ well visit next week is not far from here. a. where b. to which c. which d. in which7) great changes have taken place since then in the factory _ we are working. a. where b. that c. which d. there8) this is one of the best films _. a. that have been shown this year b. that have shownc. that has been shown this year d. that you talked9) can you lend me the book _ the other day? a. about which you talked b. which you talkedc. about that you talked d. that you talked10) the pen _ he is writing is mine. a. with which b. in which c. on which d. by which11) they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _ sat a small boy. a. whom b. who c. wh