江苏省高三英语考前赢分30天第17天.doc

江苏省2013年高三英语考前赢分30天第17天核心知识动词不定式的简介动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to动词原形构成，但在有些情况下to可以省略。在句中不能单独作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作除了谓语之外的任何成分，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。一、动词不定式的时态、语态(以make为例)主动形式被动形式一般式(not) to make(not) to be made完成式(not) to have made(not) to have been made进行式(not) to be making完成进行式(not) to have been making二、疑问词不定式结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如： 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, observe, understand, wonder等。三、动词不定式的语法功能1作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式afford; aim; agree; arrange; decide; care; come; dare; demand; desire; determine; expect; hope; fail; happen; help; hesitate; learn; long; mean; manage; offer; ought; plan; prepare; pretend;promise; refuse; seem; tend; wait; wish.2）动词+疑问词+ to3) 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动词it补语to do句式。如： we think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. 3作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： to get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： itbe名词to do its our duty to take good care of the old. it takes sb. + some time +to do how long did it take you to finish the work? itbe形容词for sb.to do it is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. itbe形容词of sb.to do it is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. it seems(appears)形容词to do it seemed impossible to save money. 4、作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 如：my chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. 6、作状语1）目的状语to only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此以便)he ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。2）结果状语he searched the room only to find nothing.3) 原因状语 im glad to see you.经典例题1. the chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.a. sitb. sit onc. be satd. be sat on2. paul doesnt have to be made _. he always works hard.a. learnb. to learnc. learnedd. learning考前赢分第17天 爱练才会赢前日回顾1. they have no idea at all _. a. where he has gone b. where did he go c. which place has he gone d. where has he gone 2. the doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. a. that b. which c. of which d. of that 3. the order came _ the soldiers _ the small village the next morning. a. that; had to leave b. that; should leave c. /; must leave d. when; should leave当天巩固1. he was to_ the new ambassador, but he fell ill. a. having telephonedb. have telephonedc. has telephonedd. telephoning2. lots of empty bottles were found under the old mans bed. he must have done nothing but _.a. drink b. to drink c. drinking d. drunk3. henry always forgets things he has done. yesterday he forgot _ and looked for it everywhere. a. to post the letter b. to have the letter posted c. to have posted the letter d. having posted the letter4. i felt tired with walking, so i stopped _ a break. a. having b. to have c. taking d. to taking5. he asked me if he had to_. a. be operated b. operate c. operate on d. be operated on6. it is master wu who taught us _ the machine. a. ran b. how to run c. how could run d. what to deal with7. the teacher got the students _ all the words they didnt