化学英语缩略词.doc

化学缩略词ab. absolute 绝对的 addn. addition 添加 alc. alcohol 醇 alk. alkali 碱 amt. amount 量 A.P. analytically pure 分析纯 app. apparatus 装置 approx. approximate 大约 aqu. aqueous 水的 asym. asymmetric 不对称的 atm. atmospheric 大气压 av. average 平均的 b.p. boiling point 沸点 ca. about 大约 cal. caloric 卡路里 calc. calculate 计算 cf. compare 比较 chem. chemistry 化学 conc. concentrated 浓缩的 const. constant 常数 contg. containing 含有的 compd. compound 化合物 C.P. chemically pure 化学纯 cryst. crystalline 晶体 decomp. decompose 分解 deriv. derivative 衍生 detn. determination 测定 dil. dilute 稀释的 distd. distilled 蒸馏的 e.g. for example 例如 elec. electric 电的 eq. equation 方程 equil. equilibrium 平衡 equiv. equivalent 等价的 et. al. and others 以及其他人 etc. et cetera 等等 evap. evaporation 蒸发 expt. experimental 实验的 fig. figure 图 hyd. hydrous 水的 ibid. in the same place在同一地方 lab. laboratory 实验室 liq. liquid 液体 L.R. laboratory reagent实验试剂 manf. manufacture 制造 max. maximum 最大的 min. minute 最小的 mixt. mixture 混合物 mol.wt. molecular weight 分子量 m.p. melting point 熔点 org. organic 有机的 ppm. parts per million百万分之一 ppt. precipitated 沉淀的 prep. prepare 制备 resp. respectively 分别地 sec. second 第二 soln. solution 溶液 solv. solvent 溶剂 sp.gr. specific gravity 比重 sq. square 平方 sub. sublime 升华 susp. suspended 悬浮地 tech. technical 技术的 Tech.P. technically pure 技术纯 temp. temperature 温度 vol. volume 体积 wt. Weight 重量 1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团 官能团 functional group 双键 double bond 三键 triple bond 烃基 hydroxy group 琉基 mercapto 硫轻基 sulfhydryl group 羰基 carbonyl group 氨基 amino group 亚氨基 imino group 硝基 nitro group 亚硝基 nitroso group 氰基 cyano group 羧基 carboxyl group 磺基 sulpho group 烷基 alkyl group 苯基 phenyl group 卡基 benzyl group 芳基 aryl group 烯基 allyl group 烷氧基 alkoxyl group 酰基 acyl group 活性亚甲基 active methylene group 2.有机化合物的类型 烃 hydrocarbon 石蜡 paraffin 脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon 烷烃 alkane 烯烃 alkene 炔烃 alkyne 共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene 脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon 螺环化合物 spiro compound 桥环化合物 bridged ring compound 芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon 非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics 卤代烃 halohydrocarbon 醇 alcohol 酚 phenol 醚 ether 环氧化合物 epoxide 冠醚 crown ether 硫醇 thiol 硫酚 thiophenol 硫醚 sulfide 二硫化物 disulfide 亚磺酸 sulfinic acid 磺酸 sulfonic acid 亚砜 sulfoxide 砜 sulfone 醛 aldehyde 酮 ketone 半缩醛 hemiacetaI 半缩酮 hemiketal 缩醛 acetal 缩酮 ketal 西佛碱 shiffs base 肟 oxime 腙 hydrozone 缩氨脲 semicarbazone ,-不饱和酮,-unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone 羧酸 carboxylic acid 酰卤 acid halide 酸酐 acid anhydride 酯 ester 酰胺 amide 内酯 lactone 内酰胺 lactam 月青 nitrile 取代酸 substituted acid 羟基酸 hydroxy acid 醇酸 alcoholic acid 酚酸 phenolic acid 酮酸 keto acid B-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester 乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate 亚硝基化合物 nitroso compoundA ampere安(培)Angstrom unit(s)埃(长度单位，10-10米)absabsolute绝对的absEtOH absolute alcohol无水乙醇abstrabstract文摘Ac acetyl(CH3CO，not CH3COO)乙酰基a c alternating current交流电(流)AcHacetaldehyde 乙醛AcOH acetic acid乙酸Ac2O acetic anhydride乙酸酐AcOEt ethyl acetate乙酸乙酯AcONa乙酸钠add additive 附加物addn addition加成，添加addnl additional添加的alcalcohol，alcoholic醇aliphaliphatic 脂族的AlHgAluminum amalgam铝汞齐alkalkaline(not alkali)碱性的alky alkalinity(alhysfor alkalinities is not approved)碱度，碱性am amyl(not ammonium)戊基amorph amorphous无定形的amp ampere(s)安(培)amtamount(as a noun)数量analanalysis分析anhydanhydrous无水的AO atomic orbital原子轨(道)函数appapparatus仪器，装置approx approximate(as an adjective)，approximately近似的，大概的approxn approximation近似法，概算aqaqueous水的，含水的aromaromatic芳族的asasymmetric不对称的assocassociate(s)缔合assocd associated缔合的assocn association缔合atatomic(not atom)原子的atm atmosphere(s)，atmospheric 大气压=1.01325105帕ATP adenosine triphosphatae三磷酸腺苷酶atwtatomic weight原子量avaverage(except as a verb)平均b(followed by a figure denoting temperature)boils at，boiling at(similarlyb13，at1.3mm，pressure)沸腾(后面的数字表示温度，同样b13表示在13毫米压力下沸腾)bbl barrel桶液体量度单位=163.5升(英国)，=119升(美国)BCCbody-centred cubic立方体心BeV or GeV billion electronvolts10亿电子伏，吉电子伏，109电子伏BOD biochemical oxygen demand生化需氧量B Bohr magneton玻尔磁子物bpboiling point沸点Btu British thermal unit(s)英热单位=1055.06焦Bu butyl(normal)丁基bubushel蒲式耳=36.368升(英)=35.238升(美)Bz benzoyl(not benzyl)苯甲酰BzH benzaldehyde苯(甲)醛BzOH benzoic acid苯甲酸C concentration浓度Calcalorie(s)千卡，大卡=4186.8焦cal卡=4.1868焦calccalculate计算calcd calculated计算的calcg calculating计算calcn calculation计算CC cubic centimeter(s)立方厘米CD circurlar dichroism圆二色性(物)cdcurrent density电流密度cf参见compare比较cubic feet per minute立方英尺/分钟(1立方英尺=2.83168510-2米3)chemchemical(as an adjective)(not chemistry nor chemically)化学的Ci curie居里(放射单位)=3.71010贝可clinclinical(ly)临床的cm centimeter(s)厘米CoA coenzyme A辅酶ACODchemical oxygen demand化学需氧量coeffcoefficient系数colcolour，coloration颜色comcommercial工业的，商业的，商品的combcombustion燃烧compbcompound化合物，复合物compncomposition组成，成分concconcentrate(as a verb)提浓，浓缩concdconcentrated浓的concgconcentrating浓缩(的)concnconcentration浓度cond conductivity导电率，传导性constconstant常数，常量contg containing包含，含有cor corrected校正的，改正的，正确的cpconstant pressure恒压CPChemically pure化学纯的critcritical临界的crystcrystalline(not crystallize)结晶crystd crystallized使结晶crystg crystallizing结晶crystn crystallization结晶，结晶化cumcubic meter(s)立方米Cv constant volume恒容d density密度(d13 相对于水在4时的比重；d2020相对于水在20时的比重)D Debye unit德拜单位，电偶极矩单位ddextrorotatory右旋(不译)dl-外消旋(不译)dcdirect current直流电decompdecompose(s)分解decompd decomposed分解的decompg decomposing分解decompn decomposition分解degrdn degradation降解derivderivative衍生物，导数(数)detdetermine 测定detd determined 测定的detg determining测定detn determination 测定diamdiameter直径dildilute稀释，冲淡dild diluted稀释的diltg diluting稀释diln dilution稀释dissdissolves，dissolved溶解dissoc dissociate(s)离解dissocddissociated 离解的dissocn dissociation 离解distdistildistillation 蒸馏distd distilled蒸馏的distg distilling 蒸馏distn distillation蒸馏dl分升dmdecimeter(s)分米DMF dimetbylformamide二甲基甲酰胺DNase deoxyribonuclease脱氧核糖核酸酶dpdegree of polymerization聚合度dpm disintegrations per minute分解量/分钟DTA differential thermal analysis 差热分析EDeffective dose有效剂量EEG electroencephalogram脑电流描记术egfor example例如elec electric，electrical(not electrically)电的emfelectromoctive force电动势emuelectromagnetic unit电磁单位enethylenediamine(used in formulas only)乙二胺equil equilibrium(s)平衡equivequivalent当量，克当量espespecially 特别，格外estestimate(as a verb)估计estd estimated估计的estg estimating估计estn estimation估计Et ethyl乙基Et2O ethyl ether乙醚 viscosity粘度eV electron volt(s)电子伏特evacevacuated抽空的evapevaporate蒸发evapd evaporated 蒸发的evapg evaporating蒸发evapn evaporation蒸发examd examined检验过的，试验过的examg examining检验，试验examn examination检验，试验exptexperiment(as a noun)实验exptl experimental实验的extextract提取物，萃，提取extd extracted提取的extg extracting提取extn extraction 提取F farad法拉(电容)fcc face centered cubic面心立方体fermn fermentation发酵fpfreezing point冰点，凝固点FSH follicle-stimulating hormone促卵泡激素ftfoot，feet 英尺=0.3048米ft-lb foot-pound 英尺磅=0.3048米0.453592千克g.gram(s)克gal gallon加仑=4.546092升(英)=3.78543升(美)geol.geological地质的gr.grain(weight unit)谷(1谷=1/7000磅=0.64799克)h hour小时H henry亨利ha.hectare(s)公顷=6.45160010-4米2homo-均匀-，单相h hour小时hyd.hydrolysis，hydrolysed水解Hz hertz(cycles/sec)赫兹，周/秒ID infective dose无效剂量in.inch(es)英寸=0.0254米inorg.incrganic无机的insol.insoluble不溶的IR infrared红外线irradn irradiation照射iso-Bu，isobutyl异丁基iso-Pr，isopropyl异丙基IU国际单位J joule焦耳(能量单位)K kelvin开尔文，绝对温度Kcal.kilocalorie(s)千卡=418.6焦kg kilogram(s)千克kV kilovolt(s)千伏kV-amp.kilovolt-ampere(s)千伏安kW.kilowatt(s)千瓦kWh kilowatthour 千瓦小时=3.6106焦l.liter(s)升lab.laboratory实验室lb pound(s)磅=0.453592千克LCAO linear combination of atomic orbitals原子轨道的线性组合LD Lethal dose致死剂量LH Luteinizing hormone促黄体发生激素liq.liquid液体，液态Lm lumen流明(光通量单位)LX lux勒克斯(照度单位)m.meter(s)；also(followed by a figure denoting temperature)米，熔融(注明温度时)M.mega-(106)兆M molar(as applied to concn.)摩尔m.melts at，melting at熔融m molal摩尔的ma milliampere(s)毫安manuf.manufacture制造manufd manufactured制造的manufg.manufacturing制造math.mathematical数学的max maximum(s)最大值，最大的Me methyl(MeOH,methanol)甲基mech.mechanical机械的metab.metabolism新陈代谢m.e.v million electron volts兆电子伏mg milligram(s)毫克mi mile英里=1609.344米min minimunalso minute(s)最小值，最小的min minute分钟misc miscellaneous其它mixt.mixture混合物ml milliliter(s)毫升mm millimeter(s)毫米nm millimicron(s)纳米MO molecular orbital分子轨道函数mol molecule，molecular分子，分子的mol.wt.molecular weight分子量m.p.melting point熔点mph miles per hour英里(=1609.344米)/小时 micron(s)微米mV millivolt(s)毫伏N newton牛顿(力的单位)N normal(as applied to concn.)当量(浓度)neg.negative(as an adjective)阴性的，负的no number号，数obsd observed观察，观测anic有机的oxidn oxidation氧化ozounce盎司(常衡=28.349523克)Pdpotential difference势差，电位差PetEtpetroleum ether石油醚Phphenyl苯基physphysical物理的physiolphysiological生理学的pmpost meridiem午后polymd polymerized聚合polymg polymerizing聚合ploymn polymerization聚合pospositive(as an adjective)阳性的，正的powdpowdered粉末的，粉状的pp.b(ppb)parts per billion亿万分之(几)p.p.m(ppm)parts per million百万分之(几)pptprecipitate沉淀，沉淀物pptdprecipitated沉淀出的pptgprecipitating沉淀pptn precipitation沉淀Pr propyl (normal)丙基pracpractically实际上prepprepare制备presspressure压力prepd prepared制备的prepg preparing制备prepn preparation制备psi pounds per square inch磅/英寸2=0.453592千克/(64510010-4米2)psia pounds per square inch alsolute磅/英寸2(绝对压力)pt pint品脱(=0.5682615升)purifn purification精制py pyridine(used only in formulas)吡啶qtquality质量qual.qualitative(not qualitatively)定性的quantquantitative(no