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外经贸英语精讲班第30讲课件讲义(环球职业教育在线) 外经贸英语精讲班第30讲讲义 汉英经贸短文互译(1) 概述 应试须知 内容涉及的范围和题材比较宽泛,包括一般的贸易程序、惯例、外贸理论、外贸政策、一些基本的对外贸易知识和做法。无论英译汉还是汉译英,均要求做到译文再现原文的主语含义,用词正确、行文通顺。 一、英译汉概要(一) 1、正确理解原文是基础,是关键。考生经常表现出的主要问题,是对英语原文的理解不够深透,主要的问题是在译文中未能摆脱原文结构的束缚,译文显得洋腔洋调。2、译文应该传达原文的精神实质,注重语意内容上的对等,而不是字面上的对应。 (一)词汇层面 1、词汇差异 英语中有些词所表示的意义,在汉语中可以找到完全对应的词来表达。主要是一些已有通用译名的专用名词、术语和日常生活中的一些事物的名称。 The Pacific Ocean 太平洋 tuberculosis 结核病 helicopter 直升飞机 英语中有些词与汉语中有些词在词义上只有部分对应。在意义上概括的范围有广狭之分。 sister 姐,妹 morning 早晨,上午 英语中有些词所表示的意义,目前在汉语中还找不到最后确定的词来表达。 英语中许多词一词多义,分别与汉语中几个不同的词或词组对应。 英语和汉语在词的搭配能力有差异。 to cut wheat 割麦子 to cut cake 切蛋糕 to cut finger-nails 剪指甲 2、词类转换 The incessant demand for change characterizes our time. 不断地寻求变化是我们这个时代的特点。(动词转译成名词) The British may have long been a nation of shopkeepers but they are coming late to the business of tourism. 英国人做贸易有悠久的传统,但是涉足旅游业较晚。(名词转换成动词) We had difficulty in accepting your terms. 我们觉得难以接受你们的条件。(名词转换成形容词) Day and night he worked hard in his laboratory. 他夜以继日地在实验室里努力地工作着。(名词转译成副词) Our great motherland has a vast territory, a varied climate and an abundance of natural resources. 我们伟大的祖国土地辽阔,气候多样,自然资源丰富。(宾语转换为主语) Water is needed in offices, factories and schools. 机关、工厂和学校都需要水。(状语转换为主语) This explanation is against the natural laws. 这种解释违反自然规律。(表语转换为谓语) Electronic computers have great importance in the production of modern industry. 电子计算机在现代工业生产中很重要。(宾语转换为谓语) It is not of much use by itself, but it has proved immensely useful in water-proofing. 它本身没有多大用途,但在防水方面却非常有用。(表语转换为宾语) The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。(谓语转换为宾语) Scientists have been working on this for a long time. 科学家对此进行了长期的研究。(状语转换为定语) Many other machines are available. 可供使用的机器是很多的。(表语转换为定语) The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology. 当今世界科学技术正在迅速发展。(定语转换为状语) 3、词义辨析 同一个词,由于一词多义,在不同的场合往往具有不同的意义。这时就需要考虑它在上下文及搭配上的用法来确定其含义。如heavy一词,在下列各句中的意义各不相同。 This box is too heavy for me to carry. 这个盒子太重了,我抬不动。 I cant see my hands clearly due to the heavy fog. 雾太浓了,我连自己的手都看不清。 There are heavy traffic everywhere during the National Day. 国庆节期间,到处的交通都很拥挤。 The fighting flared up last Saturday with heavy losses on both sides. 上个星期六战斗又起,双方损失惨重。 He used to be a heavy smoker but now he has given up smoking. 他以前抽烟很厉害,但现在戒了。 I dont like cakes, for they are too heavy for me. 我不喜欢蛋糕,对我来说,太腻了。 一、英译汉概要(二) (二)句子层面 1、调整结构 He spoke with understandable pride of his experience. 他自豪地讲起他的经历,这是可以理解的。 2、加词解释 (1)意义或修饰上增词 Enclosed is our latest catalogue. 随函附上我们最新的商品目录。 Trade wars arise from a ruthless determination on the part of a company or country to capture the market. 贸易战是一个公司或国家为占领市场而做出无情的决定引起的。(增加了动词“做出”) With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism. 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义呀!(增加了形容词“高的”) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。(增加了形容词前的名词) The two countries cooperated militarily, politically and economically. 两国在军事、政治和经济等方面进行了合作。(增加“等方面”表示概括性的词) (2)句法上增词 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。(增加了省略的动词) 3、减词省略 We live and learn. 活到老,学到老。(省略了泛指人称代词we) 汉语词语之间多是意合关系,而英语则是形合关系,因此英译汉时连词常省略。 Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. 实际上一切物质都是热胀冷缩的。(省略了时间连词when) 一般来说,表示时间和地点的介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大多可以省略不译。 The Peoples Republic of China was founded in October, 1949. 1949年10月中华人民共和国成立。(省略表时间的介词) Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不许吸烟。(省略表地点的介词) 4、重复 Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 无知是羡慕的根源,也是恐惧的根源。(重复介词前省略的名词) Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind. 阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口才,写作训练人的思维。(重复动词) He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他讨厌失败,他一生中途曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败。(重复代词代替的名词) Wherever oppressions existed, there would be resistance. 哪里有压迫,哪里就有反抗。(重复wherever等关系代词和副词) 5、正反转换 The two sides said they keep mum over the deal because it was only tentative. 签约双方都说不想张扬是因为交易本身尚未最后定夺。 We may safely say so. 我们这样说万无一失。 It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。 The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations. 虽然他一再解释,疑团仍然存在。 All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。 6、被动语态 I was told that there is something wrong with the new order . 我听说新定单出了点问题。 Government involvement is generally considered to be detrimental to competition and the optimal allocation of the factors of production. 人们普遍认为政府干预只会对竞争不利,只会有损于生产要素的最佳配置。 二、试题解析 VI. Translate the passages (10) A. From English into Chinese (5) Rapid changes in information technology and communications have contributed significantly to the expansion of international trade and the way it is carried out. Companies can communicate better and faster with their customers in providing service and information. Companies now have 24hr service centers to be able to respond to their customers around the world. In effect the time zones have shrunk and customers and companies can communicate any time of day or night. With the service barrier being removed, with customers expecting instant service, employment opportunities have been created. (2003年外经贸英语试题)(见教材276页) 信息技术与通讯领域的迅速变化,极大地促进了国际贸易的拓展和运作方式的(改变)。公司在提供服务与信息时,能够与客户更有效、更快捷地进行交流。现在,公司拥有自己的24小时服务中心,可随时对世界任何地方的客户(要求)作出反应。世界的时区实际上已经缩小了,客户和公司之间可以在白天或夜晚的任何时间进行交流。随着服务方面的障碍不断消除,同时也由于客户不断要求提供即时服务,就业机会也因此应运而生。 1、contribute to意为“对起促成作用”,expansion of后有两个宾语,一个是international trade,另一个是the way it is carried out。 2、in表示“在方面”,该介词短语in providing service and information意为“在提供服务与信息方面”。Communicate with意为“与进行通讯联系(交流)”。 3、to be able to respond to their customers不定式短语,作定语,修饰service centers。 4、in effect意为“实际上”,time zones意为“时区”。 5、with可以译作“随着或由于”,barrier此处是“障碍”的意思。 外经贸英语精讲班第31讲课件讲义(环球职业教育在线) 外经贸英语精讲班第31讲讲义 汉英经贸短文互译(2) 三、英译汉练习1 原文1(P264) Globalization has been driven by policies (that have opened economies domestically and internationally). In the years since World War II , and especially during the past two decades, many governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive potential and creating myriad new opportunities (for international trade and investment). Governments have also negotiated dramatic reductions in barriers to each others commerce, further stimulating international trade and investment. Taking advantage of new opportunities in foreign markets, corporations have built foreign factories and established production and marketing arrangements with foreign partners. A defining feature of globalization is an international industrial structure in which thousands of the worlds largest corporations maintain operations in multiple countries. 参考译文 全球化发展的动力来自于各个国家在国内外所实行的经济开放政策。在第二次世界大战后的岁月里,特别是在过去的20年中,许多政府实行了自由市场经济体制,极大地增强了自身的生产潜力,创造出了许多新的国际贸易与投资机会。各国政府也通过谈判在相互的商业往来中大幅度消除了许多贸易壁垒,从而进一步刺激了国际贸易与投资的发展。跨国公司利用国外市场的各种新机会,与他们的国外合作伙伴一起,在国外建立起工厂以及生产和销售系统。全球化的一个固有特点是其产业结构的国际化,在此结构下,成千上万的世界级大公司在诸多不同的国家开展业务活动。 说明: (1)myriad 无数的,种种的 (2)a defining feature of globalization: defining 是动词define 的变体,意为“阐释描述的性质或基本特征”,此处修饰feature, 该短语意为“全球化的一个固有特点” (3)industrial structure 产业结构 三、英译汉练习2 原文2 Monthly of preparations for what has been a far-reaching political project and the largest logistical challenge of its kind, culminated at midnight on New Years Eve /when the coins and banknotes of the single currency became legal tender and entered general circulation. Across the eurozone, people rushed to cash machines /amid the fireworks that marked the start of 2002/ to get their fist historic taste of the new banknotes. 参考译文 为了这一旷日持久、具有甚远意义的政治工程,已经进行了数月之久的准备工作。这项准备工作是一次前所未有的巨大挑战,于除夕午夜宣告结束,代表着单一货币的硬币和纸币作为法定货币开始流通。在欧元大地上,(空中燃起的)烟火标志着2002年的来临,人民奔向取款机,去初次尝试这具有历史意义的欧元新钞。 三、英译汉练习3 原文3 The WTO brings stability and predictability to international trade/ because its rules are legally binding. So too are the schedules of market-access commitments in goods and services (that each WTO Member negotiates). These set clear ceilings on levels of protection. This encourages trade because it allows exporters to develop and grow their businesses. They have full knowledge of the terms of access and can act and invest with confidence knowing that markets (which are opened will remain open). The vast majority of international trade goes on smoothly and without dispute. There are, however, rare occasions when a Member may consider that one or more Members are not in compliance with their WTO commitments / and that this has negatively affected its national consumer or producers. It is then that the affected Members have the option of using the WTOs dispute settlement system. 参考译文 世界贸易组织对国际贸易(的发展)起到了稳定作用,同时也使(人们对国际贸易发展的)预测成为可能,这是因为世贸组织规则在法律上具有约束力。同样,世贸组织成员经谈判在货物及服务贸易方面所承诺的市场准入时间表,也在法律上具有约束力。所有这些清楚地对不同层次的贸易保护起到了限制作用。由此,贸易活动得到鼓励,出口商可以开发及拓展自身的业务,因为他们对市场准入条件下如指掌,能够满怀信心地采取行动和开展投资;因为他们心中有数,知道业已开放的市场将会继续开放。 大部分国际贸易活动进展顺利,无任何纠绘。然而在极少数情况下,某一成员国会认为其他某个或某些成员国未能履行其人世承诺,侵害了本国消费者或生产商的利益。此时,受侵害成员国可选择使用世界贸易组织的解决争端机制。 说明: (1)market-access commitments 市场准入承诺 (2)ceiling:此处为“最大限度,最高限额”之意。例如:price ceiling (最高价),tariff ceiling (关税最高额)。 To set (fix, put) a ceiling on sth: 对.规定最高限度 (3)the WTOs dispute settlement system 指“世界贸易组织解决争端机制”,另一英语表述是dispute settlement mechanism, 经常大写首字母。汉语译文也有“争端解决机制”的说法。 三、英译汉练习4 原文4 APEC was established in 1989 in response to the growing interdependence among Asia-Pacific economies. Begun as an informal dialogue group, APEC has since become the primary regional vehicle (for promoting open trade and practical economic cooperation) in the Asia-Pacific region. Its goal is to advance Asia-Pacific dynamism and a sense of

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