江苏省南京市东山外国语学校高中英语 Unit 4 同步导学练 选修7.doc

江苏省南京市东山外国语学校高中英语选修七 unit 4 同步导学练一、 同步导学目标点击：了解学习目标，你就理清本章脉络了！一、 语言技能1、 阅读一篇关于世界上第一辆地铁和一篇关于交通事故和交通安全的文章。2、 学会用英语谈论交通及问询交通信息。3、 学会用缩写记录重要信息。4、 懂得交通安全，避免交通事故二、 语言知识1、 掌握本单元词汇，表达与本单元相关的话题，做到发音准确，拼写正确。2、 掌握分词结构作定语和状语的用法。三、 情感态度培养学生主动参与英语活动的意识，深刻理解课文内容，培养交通意识，避免交通事故及骄傲于人类关于交通方面的重大发明。四、 学习策略善于发现和总结语言规律；利用课内外资源，拓宽学习渠道；充分利用小组活动提高自己的英语交际能力。五、 文化意识了解世界交通工具的发展历史，认识到交通给人类带来便利的同时也带来了安全隐患。难点点拨：解决了难点，定能胜人一筹。重点词汇1、 transport vt . 输送，运送，运输（货物，人等）课本原句：transport is an important part of out lives. 交通运输是我们生活的重要组成部分 .补充例句： that yellow bus transports passengers from airport to the city.那辆黄色公共汽车将乘客从机场运送到城里。the goods were transported by plane.那些物品是用飞机运输的。相关链接：1）美国用 transportation ; 英国用transport 2) transport cafe（英）公路廉价餐厅2、 underground n. 地铁课本例句：welcome to the london underground，or as it is commonly known, the tube . 欢迎来到伦敦的地下通道,也就是大家所知的地铁.补充例句：we must go there by underground ,only by this way can we get there on time. 我们必须坐地铁到那儿，只有这样才能按时到。相关链接：adj. 地下的，在地下的补充：an underground passage 地下通道adv. 在地下补充：go underground (组织，人等) 潜入地下3、 pick up 和drop off课本原句：buses have routes. they pick up and drop off people at different places on the route. 公共汽车在不同的地方搭客或让客人下车.1）pick up vt.课文中意为用车、船等搭载客人，驾车出去迎接等.注可分开用pick up补充例句：i am busy today, so i will ask tom to pick you up at the station？我今天忙,我将让汤姆去车站接你. 相关链接：pick up 基本意:vt. （可分开用）拾起； 采取例句：i told you the news that i picked up a coin on the road.我告诉你个好消息我在路上拾到一枚硬币。 vi. vt. （可分开用）（健康，景气，事态）恢复，使恢复；变好例句：i believe things will pick up soon.我相信事情很快就会好转。 vt. (可分开用) （偶然地）发现，得到；得到（知识，利益等）；可耳闻而学会例句：he picked up the book in a most unlikely place.他在一个非常令人意想不到的地方得到那本书。 vt.（可分开用）探出，接收，收听（广播）例句：i have been told that he often picks up voa programs。有人告诉我他经常收听美国之音节目。2）drop off 课文中意为：（从车等）下车，使（人）下车。（词组可分开用）补充例句：i can drop you off at your place.我可以让你在你的住处下车。 vi. (数量，兴趣等)减低，逐渐消失。补充例句：interest in the work has dropped off. 对那工作的兴趣已逐渐消失。4、 over prep.课文原句：aeroplanes are used to travel quickly over long distances. 飞机被用于长距离范围内快速旅行.课本中意：（表示期间）之中，在中一直，知道结束 补充例句：we stayed there over christmas.我们于圣诞节期间停留在那儿。 注：over通常表示比 through (out)较短的期间。5、 boundary n.（复数-ries）1） 界线，边界课文原句：however, most trains into london only went to the distant boundary of the city. 可是,大多数开往伦敦的火车都在城市的边界上.补充例句：the river forms the boundary between the two states. 那条河流成为两州的界线。2） 界限，范围例句：it is beyond the boundaries of human knowledge.那超越人类的知识范围。6、 cause damage to 使受到损害课文原句：building railway tracks into the city would have caused damage to many historic buildings. 修建进入城市的铁轨将会破坏许多历史建筑物.亦可用： do damage to补充例句：his careless remake did damage to his reputation. 他说话不谨慎，对他的名声造成了损害。7、 choke off课本原句：unfortunately, the increased number of vehicles on the road choked off traffic. 不幸地是, 大量增加的车辆堵塞了交通.补充例句：the chimney is choked off with soot . 那烟囱被烟垢堵住.课本中意：阻塞相关链接：choke back 抑制（愤怒，悲痛）choke down勉强咽下（食物）choke up 闷住，噎住；激动的说不出话来8、 beneath prep. adv.课本原句：the first tunnels were opened in 1863 and were just beneath the surface of the ground. 第一条地下通道建于1863年, 就在地面之下.1） 课本中意：在之下补充例句：the ground beneath my feet was soft. 我脚下的地面是柔软的。2） 不足取，不适合such words are beneath you.9、 link up 连接，结合课本原句: sixteen years later, in 1884, the metropolitan railway company and the metropolitan district railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city. 16年后,就是1884年,大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合起来在城市中心提供地铁服务. 补充例句1：the two companies linked up to hold a charity event. 两家公司联合举办了一场慈善活动。补充例句2：we link up with the company. 我们与该公司携手合作。10、 accelerate the pace of 加快的步伐课本原句：these new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the london undergrounds development. 这些新的挖掘方法加快了伦敦地铁的发展步伐.补充例句：this meeting accelerated the pace of educational reforms. 这次会议加快了教育改革的步伐。11、 be responsible for 对负责任课本原句：an architect called charles holden was responsible for designing many of these stations. 一个叫charles holden的人负责设计了许多线路.补充例句：parents are responsible for their childrens safety. 父母亲应负责子女的安全。n. responsibility12、 function as 用作，起的作用课本原句：during world war ii, when london was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters.第二次世界大战期间,伦敦遭到轰炸,许多地铁站都充当了防空避难所.补充例句：the room functions as a meeting room. 这个房间用作会议室。13、 permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事课本原句：visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system. 请光临我们的售票处,选择购买一张允许你乘坐伦敦地铁系统所有地铁线的乘 车卡 补充例句：the man permitted her to park there. 那个人允许她在那里停车。14、 arise from sth. 或 arise out of sth. 因某事而产生课本原句：the number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year. 在过去一年里, 交通事故的数量以及交通事故所引发的死亡人数急剧上升 .补充例句：there are more and more family problems arising from the lack of communication.因缺乏交流而引出的家庭问题越来越多。15、 invitation 活泼，导致，引诱，怂恿课本原句：this lack of control is an invitation to accidents. 车身失控就会诱发事故.补充例句：he shows me an invitation to the membership. 他给我以入会的诱惑。要点梳理： 抓住了考点，你就能归纳好重点、难点一、 词组短语16、 over long distance 在长距离范围内.17、 be powered by 由提供能量.18、 the increased number of 急速增加的数量19、 lead to 导致20、 it is decided that 决定21、 beneath the surface 在地面下.22、 pull through 摆脱,度过难关.23、 it is convenient to sb.在某人方便的时候.24、 set up 建立; 创立.25、 under the authority of 在的管理下.26、 in honor of 为记念.27、 why not.? 为何不.28、 travel cards 乘车卡.29、 bomb shelters 防空避难所.30、have air connections with 和有航线往来.1、 pick up 搭载人；拾起；恢复；（偶然）发现，得到；接收2、 drop off 下车；（数量）减低，逐渐消失3、 cause damage to 使受到损害4、 choke off 阻塞5、 link up 连接，结合6、 accelerate the pack of 加快7、 be responsible for 对负责任8、 in use 使用中9、 function as 用作，起作用10、 permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事11、 wash away冲走12、 under repair 在修理中13、 arise from sth 因某事产生14、 be in good condition 情况良好15、 be up to sb.不是某人的责任；由（某人）决定二、 重点句型1 in 1854, it was decided that the metropolitan railway company could build an underground railway between paddington and farringdon.2 as more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel under the river thames was dug in 1884. 3 having seen the situation, a wealthy american businessman, charles yerkes, tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the underground group.4 they have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.5 this lack of control is an invitation to accidents.6 it is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.三、 语法要点分词结构作定语和作状语1、动词-ing作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面，如果是动词-ing短语，一般放在所修饰词的后面。动词-ing作定语有三个作用：1）它与修饰词之间有主动关系或正在进行；2）说明被修饰词的用途；3）相当于一个形容词，可接受副词的修饰。例如： is mark in the reading room?迈克在阅览室吗？（说明room的作用）china is a developing country.中国是一个发展中的国家。（说明中国正在发展）this is an interesting book.这是一本有趣的书。（interesting 相当于一个形容词）the boy standing there is a newcomer.站在那里的那个男孩是个新生。（standing there 放在被修饰词之后，作定语）2、动词-ing 作状语。它可表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况。1）表示时间：在意义上相当于一个由when引导的时间状语从句。例如： seeing her mother, she felt very happy.=when she saw her mother, she felt very happy.看到妈妈，她感到很高兴。turning round ,john found an ambulance driving up.=when he turned round, john found an ambulance driving up.转过身时，john发现一辆救护车开了过来。注意：句中动词-ing表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语的动作立即发生，只有少数动词能这样，这种状语一般都放在句子前部，如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用when/while加动词-ing这种结构。when leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.离开飞机场时，他们向我们频频挥手。如果动词-ing表示的动作完成了以后，谓语动词才发生，则动词-ing 需用完成式。having finished his homework, he went out to play football.=after he (had) finished his homework, he went out to play football.2) 表伴随：动词-ing 做伴随行为状语的动作几乎与谓语动词的动作或状态是同时发生的，只不过次要些，是读谓语表示的动作或状态的补充说明，一般放在句子后面，有时用逗号隔开。例如：they sat on the playground, chatting.他们坐在操场上聊天。the girl came to the hall, following her mother.这女孩跟在她母亲后来厅。3） 表原因：相当于一个原因状语从句。not having received a reply, i wrote again,= as i hadnt received a reply, i wrote again.因为没有得到答复， 我又写了一次。being a student, he preferred going to the library to the shop.=as he was a student,因为他是学生，和逛商店比起来他更喜欢去图书馆。4） 表方式：we chinese eat using chopsticks.我们中国人吃饭用筷子。注意：动词-ing 的否定式是直接在动词-ing前面加not，如果是完成式，可在having done前面加not，也可加在having后done之前。例如：having not seen her mother , the little girl cried.=not having seen her mother, the little girl cried 没有见到母亲，这小女孩哭起来。二、 同步测评同步测评一 welcome to the unit 8 reading知识的累积与运用、单词拼写 (句首字母已给出)1.up to now, many people have agreed that t_ is an important part of our lives. 2.in the 19th century, s_ trains helped people travel all over the world. 3.in the past, many old men dont believe buses can carry people o_ long distance. 4.if you go to britain, you will see the sign an the station, “welcome to the london u_”. 5.most trains went to the distant b_ of the city in the northern part of the country. 6.cars on the road can c_ off traffic, so some experts dont agree cars mass production. 7.the first tunnels were just b_ the surface of the ground. 8.sometimes, traveling on these lines was very i_. so you had better go by car. 9.many caves in the mountains f_ as bomb shelters during war times. 10.some experts in this field think this helps make the system more u_.、单项1the goods were _ by plane, so we can get them quickly, please dont worry.a. transport b. transported c. transportation d. transportable2the increasing number of cars on the road _ traffic. this is the reason why we cant get here on time.a. choke back b. choke down c. choke off d. choke up3 only your father can permit you _ there, am i right? need i ask for his permission.a. go b. to go c. went d. having gone4 sometimes, some adverbs _ as adjectives. you must pay attention to it when you read the english text.a. are functioned b. function c. were functioned d. functions5 i want to tell you good news, that is the two clubs will link_ to hold a meeting.a. up b. with c. along d. down6 it is reported that meeting _ the pace of the reforms in the past ten years.ahas increased b .has accelerated c. has accumulated d. has accrued7 _ the situation，charles tried to improve the system by buying many of the different lines and setting up the company. a. seeing b. seen c. to see d. having seen8 some old man said that in 1956 frost caused heavy damage _ the crops, many people had no food to eat.a. on b. for c. to d. onto 9 please tell me as soon as possible. _ if i come at 6 p. m.?a. are you convenient b. are you inconvenientc. is it convenient to you d. you are convenient10 before the liberation, the chinese communist party _ to organize activities, many brave man lost their lives. a. went underground b. went to undergroundc. go underground d. goes underground体验与欣赏 短文填词 (句首字母已给出)after the second world war (1)e_ in 1945, more people traveled on the (2)u_ , so more lines were added. this included the victoria line that (3)l_ with other lines at almost every station. this helped make the system more (4)u_. the last line added was the jubilee line in 1977 (5)i _ the twenty-fifth (6)a _of queen elizabeths crowning.the london underground system is working to (7)t_ millions of people effectively as it has done for many years. three (8)m_ people travel on the underground every day. the (9)n_ of the underground system includes twelve lines and now goes twenty-six miles out of central london. so why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today? visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel (10)c_ that permit you to travel all over the underground system.、阅读理解some exports say that a sign is another kind of language. here are some of them that you see on the roads. number one is a sign with the number thirty on it. when drivers see this sign, they must not go at more than thirty kilometers an hour. we see this sign when we are getting near a town. number two is a sign that were near a crossing. we must drive carefully. number three is asign that there is a bend in the road. again, we must drive slowly and carefully. it is not safeto go round a bend very fast. number four is a sign that there is another road coming in from the right. there is a junction at this place. number five is a sign that there is a hill and number six is a sign that the road gets narrow. drivers must go slowly and carefully. number seven has the word “school” on it. this is a sign that there is a school at the side of the street or the road. perhaps there are children going to or leaving school. so drivers must look carefully and go slowly. number eight is a sign with the letter “p” on it. the letter “p” means “parking”. at some places, therere the signs “no parking” or “no waiting”. if a driver leaves his car near one of these signs, a policeman may come and write down the number of his car. 1 at the places where you see sign 1, _.a there must be many houses and buildings not far awayb you still have thirty kilometers to goc there must be a town thirty kilometers awayd you are already out of a town2 you have to drive not only slowly but also carefully when you find_.a each of the eight signs b either of signs 2 and 3c all of signs 3, 5, 6 and 7 d any of signs 3, 5, 6 and 73 a driver can leave his car_.a near a sign with “no parking” on itb near sign 8 at any timec near a sign with “no waiting” if therere no police thered near a sign with “p” on it in the daytime4 people put these signs on the roads to_.a. show drivers the way b. stop cars going too fastc. make driving even safer d. learn another kind of language表达与交流、对话填空policeman： now, jimmy, did you get a good(1)v_ of the accident? jimmy： oh, yes. i was standing (2)o the bank building and i saw it all quite(3) c_policeman： do you know what time it was? jimmy： yes. i(4)c_ my watch. it was 2:45 (5)e_policeman： good. now, how fast was the truck moving? was the car going(6)b_ the speed(7) l_?jimmy： well, quite slowly - about 10 miles an hour. it was coming up york road. i suppose the truck driver knew the lights were going to（8） c_. but they were still red when he went over them. policemen： i see. what about the car? was it also driving slowly? jimmy： it was coming along union street about 30 miles per hour. it was a blue toyota. the driver stopped his car when he saw the truck（9）c_ the street. policeman： did you see what color his（10）t light was?jimmy： yes, it changed to yellow just before he crossed it.1、_2、_3、_4、_5、_6、_7、_8、_9、_10、_、完成句子:1last night, the accident_ (损坏得非常厉害) to that expensive car. 2 during the war, when london was bombed, many underground stations_(充当了防空避难所)3i bought a_ (打折票) and rode the underground three times, which made me happy.4the storms _(冲走) soil along the road and part of the road is still_(修理中)5 the number of road accidents and the deaths_ (由引发的)those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.6 the union of the different lines makes traveling_(极其不方便)7 i will show you_ (像册) i took in london when i come back.8 could you buy me _(单程票), my sister wants to go to nan jin.9 he sat beside the window, watching _(落叶) floating in the air.10. _(发展了多年后), the underground system is now able to transport millions of people effectively.同步测试（二）word power知识的积累与运用 、用课文中的词填空recently the number of people （1）f_ for speaking on their mobile phones while driving has increased by 30 percent. （2）s_ on the phone requires concentration and takes a drivers attention from the road.if you drive after you have （3）c_ alcoholic drinks，you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others. if you are with someone else who has been （4）d_ alcohol, even if they have had just a couple of beers, do not allow them to drive.this is a fact that is easily （5）d_ , but（6） d_ too fast through city streets is very irresponsible and dangerous. our city streets are always （7）b_ with people, cars and bicycles. drives have to take the responsibility to watch out for people （8）c_ the road, especially older people who may walk slowly and young children who may not look before （9）s_ into the road. drives should be especially careful near schools, （10）w_ there are likely to be many children.、单选1 i think this is a _ room, but mary doesnt agree with me.a. narrow b. small c. little d. bit2 he got the news that this college has a conversation course for _learners. a .advance b. advancing c. advanced d. advancement3 yesterday i bought a book i wanted very much, so this is the latest _ to my library.a. acquire b. acquired c. acquisitive d. acquisition4 many exports in this field say he is an _ on french literature. so we plan to visit him.a. authority b. authorize b. power d. powder5 it is reported in todays newspaper that this medicine is highly _ against cancer.a. effect b. efficient c. effective d. efficiently6 the man who likes eating apples is fond of going _. do