江苏省盐城市时杨中学高中英语 Unit1 Grammar and usage导学案 外研版选修7(1).docVIP

江苏省盐城市时杨中学2014高中英语 unit1 grammar and usage导学案 外研版选修7【学习目标】1. to review the usage of transitive and intransitive verbs.2. to read brief explanations of the grammar items and draw conclusions.【问题情境】一用所给词完成下列句子，并判断是及物动词还是不及物动词。1. he as well as his children _paris the other day.(reach) _ he as well as his children _ paris the other day.(get) _2. this kind of book _ well.(sell) _3. if you work hard, you _ in passing the exam.(succeed) _4. the boss （提供他一份工作）in the company. _5.they _ (度过春节)together happily.(spend) 6. more and more people are (询问信息)about yoga 二改错。【我的疑问】【自主探究】英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成为及物动词(transitive verb),与不及物动词(intransitive verb)。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整，不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，然后再跟宾语。1. 及物动词常用于以下结构：（1）主语谓语宾语he reached paris the day before yesterday. 他前天到达巴黎。（paris是reached的宾语）（2）主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是动词的直接作用对象，通常指事物，间接宾语是接受事物接受者，通常是人。please hand me the book .(me是hand的间接宾语，the book是直接宾语）请把那儿的那本书递给我。当间接宾语位于直接宾语后面时，常在前面加介词to，有时用for。i sent an email to my american teacher. 我给我的美国老师发了电子邮件。he bought a present for my daughter. 他给我的女儿买了一份礼物。（3）主语谓语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词或过去分词担任。they asked us to go fishing with them. on my birthday my uncle gave me a mobile phone as a gift.生日那天我叔叔送我一个手机作为礼物。 this concert made her a popular singer overnight.这场音乐会使她一夜之间成为深受喜爱的歌手。大多数及物动词都可以用于被动语态。his book has been translated into different languages.他的书已经被翻译成不同的语言。the early record players were wound up by hand. 早期的录音机是用手摇的。2. 不及物动词（1）不及物动词不跟宾语，也不能用于被动语态，但常常带状语。my watch stopped. 我的表停了。 the waters rose higher and higher, as a result, more than 1,000 people had to leave their homes. 水位升得越来越高，结果1000多人不得不离开家园。（2）有些不及物动词可以与介词搭配，再接宾语the children are listening to the music. 孩子们正在听音乐。3. 兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。有两种不同的情况：兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。shall i begin at once? 我可以立刻开始吗? (begin作不及物动词)she began working as a teacher after she left school. (began作及物动词)她毕业后当图书馆管理员。when did they leave beijing? (leave 作及物动词)他们是什么时候离开北京的？they left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不尽相同。wash your hands before meals. 饭前要洗手。does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?4. 注意英汉差异 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况： 有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语用作及物动词，如arrive“到达”，agree“同意”，1isten“听”。英语里这些动词后面常接介词，再接宾语。 we arrived at the railway station at noon. 我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去) (比较：we reached the railway station at noon.) do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) 有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve“为服务”。 our children are taught to serve the people heart and soul.我们的儿童被教育要全心全意为人民服务。 综上所述，有些动词只能作及物动词，不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语；有些动词只作不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面需要接宾语，动词后面必须加上特定的介词；有些动词既可以用作及物动词，又可以用作不及物动词，但是有时候词义会改变。当使用动词时，一定要分清楚这个动词属于哪一类，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同动词。【课堂检测】单项选择：【回标反馈】【巩固练习】单项选择：（ ）1. it suddenly _ to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.a. happened b.thought c. occurred d. took place（ ）2. he was in hospital for six months. he felt as if he was _ from the outside world.a. cut off b.cut out c. cut up d. cut through（ ）3. i was so badly ill that i couldnt help _ the room.a. clean b. cleaning c. being cleaning d. to be cleaned（ ）4. it is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing children.a. look upb. look afterc. look intod. look out（ ）5. bob failed in the exam again . he _ it ; he never worked hard . a. succeeded b. deserved c. missed d. considered （ ）6. all the supplies _after the battle.a. ran out b. was run out c .has run out d. ran out of（ ）7. he once observed that “all happy families _ one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way”. a. like b. appear c. resemble d. represent（ ）8. once harm _ to the environment, it takes many years to h