江苏省苏州市姑苏区八年级英语下学期专题复习《完形填空》.doc

专题复习完形填空【方法点睛】（一）英语完形填空解题步骤 完形填空是在语篇中测试学生基础、阅读、思维、判断能力的综合性试题，是一种要求高、难度大、区分度高的题型。做完形填空题应该遵循怎样的步骤呢？1通读全文，了解大意，重视首句，把握主旨 完形填空题不同于单项选择题，它所给的是一篇意义完整的短文，一般没有文章标题，首句一般不留空格，是个完整的句子。全文信息从首句开始，细读首句，可判断出文章的体裁，预测短文的大意和主旨，理出正确的思维导向，因此读懂首句是关键。然后，通读全文，对短文内容有大体了解和掌握。 (1)做完形填空题时，一定要通读一遍全文，对全文内容、作者观点、态度、文体等各方面有个宏观了解。切勿为了“省时”而边看边填，否则一定是欲速而不达，因为这样不仅失误率高，且费时不少。 (2)注意动词、介词、冠词等固定搭配，以及习惯用语及用法；注意句子成分及结构。 (3)注意借助常识及所学过的科学、文学、历史、地理、天文等非语言知识。 (4)注意上下文的明示与暗示。2逐句细读，边读边选 通读全文后就可以在细读的基础上完成填空。 (1)要细心谨慎，逐句地细读和分析，每填一空都要注意形义恰当和前后照应。 (2)做题时要善于发现和利用文中的信息句，从字里行间寻求启示。因为词与词、句与句之间都是靠一定的语法关系和固定词语的搭配而联系在一起的，所以可根据上下文的语意来选择与前后句有联系的名词、介词、动词、形容词或副词等。 (3)在选择中应遵循先易后难的原则，对有把握的选项可一锤定音，如果遇到一时难以确定的答案可先不填，先去做后面的或有把握的，待填完其他空白后，再回过来做前面的，有时前后空白形成互相提示和补充。 (4)根据短文的主题及中心思想，领会短文的精神实质，综合思考，推断出正确答案。此类试题空格一般出现在短文的末尾，用来概括人物的个性特点、作者意图、全文主题等。3重读全文，核实答案 所有的答案选出之后，应再读全文，对所选的答案进行核实和调整。经过第二步的逐句推敲之后，对短文内容的理解会更为深刻。 (1)在第二步时，有些难解或误解的问题很容易暴露出来，这时需要稳定情绪，进入状态。 (2)注意检查文意是否通顺、语法等是否正确，逻辑是否合乎推理，以确保填空正确无误。（二）完形填空解题过程中的六大推测手段 在完形填空解题过程中，对语篇的重视度非常高，在语篇中测试学生基础、阅读、思维、判断能力的综合性试题，需要逻辑推理的地方有很多，下面为考生提供几个比较有效的推测手段。1根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测。 注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好完形填空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用逻辑思维进行比较、判断，找出既符合词义、句意，又符合上下文语境的合理的答案。2根据语篇标志进行推测。 语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语，这些词语成为“语篇标志”。如：表示结构层次的firstly，secondly等；表示逻辑关系的therefore，so，but等；表示话题改变的by the way等。在做完形填空题时，应充分利用这些语篇标志，这样就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。3根据文化背景知识进行推测。 完形填空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科普到历史、地理，从风俗人情到民俗习惯等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能准确地判断正确答案。4根据常识进行判断。 中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学和生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能力。在考查语言知识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。5根据语法知识进行推测。 对于考查语法知识的题目，不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速解决问题。6运用词汇知识推测答案。 完形填空题对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目，不但要有较大的词汇量、较强的词汇搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，而且做题时要结合上下文的语境，确定词的意义。【高分突破】 “完形填空(close test)”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题，在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理能力、分析归纳能力和综合判断能力。在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10%10%，长度一般在180280个单词左右。 完形填空要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作出正确判断的词的用法上。示例1 in england, people often 1 the weather because they can experience(经历) four seasons in one day. in the morning the weather is warm just 2 in spring. an hour later black 3 come and then it rains 4 . in the late afternoon the sky will be 5 . the sun will begin 6 , and it will be summer at this time of a day. in england, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. so in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should 7 warm clothes. when you go to england, you 8 that some english people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat 9 them on a sunny day, but you should not laugh at them. 10 you dont take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in england.1. a. talk to b. talk with c. talk about2. a. like b. likes c. liked3. a. clouds b. cloud c. snow4. a. big b. heavy c. heavily5. a. rainy b. sunny c. snowy6. a. to shine b. shine c. to shining7. a. put on b. wear cin8asaw bsees cwill see9awith bfor cto10abefore bif cafter思路导引 这篇短文主要介绍了英国的天气特点以及人们与之相适应的生活习惯。解题点悟1c短语辨析。a与谈话；b与交谈；c谈论某事。结合语境可知此处指的是人们常常谈论天气，故选c。2a结合语境可知此处指的是，就像是在春天。本句中like用作介词，表示像一样，故没有词形变化，选a。3a联系后半句描述，可知此处指的是乌云飘过来，结合语境及谓语动词come，可知主语是复数形式，故选a。4c结合语境可知此处指的是雨下得很大。故用副词作状语修饰rain，选c，沉重地，猛烈地。5b联系后一句描述，可知在午后天气会放晴。故选b，晴朗的。6a联系后半句描述，可知此处指的是太阳开始照耀。begin后面接不定式作宾语表示开始做某事，故选a，照耀，闪耀。7b动词辨析。wear通常指穿着衣服的状态，put on通常指穿衣的动作，in后面可以接颜色，也是表示穿衣的状态。结合语境可知选b。8c联系前文从句，可知此处指的是，你会发现一些英国人通常带着一把雨伞或者一件雨衣。故选c。9a介词辨析。a伴随，和在一起；b为了，对于；c到，向。结合语境可知雨伞雨衣和他们是伴随关系。故选a。10b连词辨析。a在之前；b是否，如果；c在之后。联系下文，可知此处指的是，如果你不带伞或者雨衣，故选b。【提优训练】（一） mrs. smith was looking at the show window of a shop selling shirts. she wanted to buy a 1 for mr. smith, her husband. there were so many beautiful shirts that she couldnt decide 2 . at last, she chose one and bought it home. while mr. smith was reading a newspaper. she showed him the shirt. she wanted to know whether it would fit her husband or not. her husband 3 the shirt. but it didnt fit him 4 . it was both too long and too big. then mrs. smith washed it in order to make it become smaller. but the shirt 5 didnt fit him. now it was too small for him. she asked tom, his son, to 6 and he did so. the shirt didnt fit him, 7 . then the woman began to wash the shirt once more to make it 8 . but this time the shirt became too short after she washed it again. now the little girl, her daughter was 9 when her mother dressed her in the shirt. why? because it was too large, she didnt like it at all. none of them knew 10 . mrs. smith felt so upset.1. a. shirt b. shoes c. clothes d. short2. a. she chose which one b. to choose which one c. that which one she chose d. which one to choose3. a. tried on b. tried out c. wore d. put on4. a. not at all b. at all c. any longer d. any more5. a. usually b. still c. ever d. always6. a. put on it b. put it on c. have on it d. have it on7. a. also b. too c. as well as d. either8. a. smaller b. bigger c. the smallest d. the biggest9. a. happy b. nervous c. worried d. unhappy10. a. how to do with b. what to do c. when to do d. how to do（二） sharks are among the oldest animals in the world. there are 1 three hundred and fifty different kinds of sharks in the world. most sharksare about two meters 2 , and they live in 3 waters, but some invery cold areas. most sharks live in the oceans. a shark can smell a small amount (量) of things in the water, for example, the blood of animals. that helps them find their 4 . sharks eat fish, 5 sharks and plants in the ocean. some sharks can eat just about 6 . sharks grow slowly. about 40% of the different kinds of sharks lay (产卵) eggs. the others give birth to live young. some sharks carry their 7 inside their bodies. most sharks bite people by mistake. they think a 8 is a large sea animal. when the sun goes down or comes up, sharks are 9 food. so at these times people 10 go swimming in the ocean. each year, bees, snakes and elephants kill (杀死) more people than sharks do.1. a. over b. under c. some d. behind2. a. wide b. tall c. high d. long3. a. cool b. warm c. sunny d. windy4. a. food b. eggs c. children d. friends5. a. else b. others c. other d. another6. a. anything b. nothing c. something d. things7. a. small b. big c. old d. young8. a. plant b. fish c. boat d. person9. a. looking at b. looking for c. looking over d. watching10. a. should b. shouldnt c. can d. would（三） it is a fine sunday. jenny and her mother are on the l . they want to go to 2 . there are many children on it. their parents are telling stories to 3 . an old man gets 4 the bus. he has no seat(座位) to sit in. jenny asks him to sit in her seat. the old man 5 jenny. there are two foreigners（外国人）on the bus. they want to go to the great wall, too. but they 6 speak chinese. jenny talks to them in english. she tells them beijing is a big city 7 a long history. and the palace museum is very famous, too. she tells stories 8 the palace museum. at the same time they learn about a lot of chinese culture (文化) from jenny. they think the stories are 9 and they want to visit other places of interest in china soon. can their dream 10 ? of course.1. a. train b. bus c. plane d. car2. a. hutong b. tiananmen square c. the great wall d. wangfujin3. a. them b. they c. me d. him4. a. up b. on c. dressed d. in5. a. says b. talks c. shows d. thanks6. a. can b. cant c. must d. need to7. a. at b. in c. with d. has8. a. to b. about c. or d. with9. a. boring b. relaxed c. afraid d. interesting10. a. think of b. come on c. come true d. get to（四） mr. smith is my english teacher. he 1 from singapore (新加坡).mr. smith is 35 years old. he can 2 english and chinese. he is good with us, so we all like 3 . he tells us singapore is a beautiful 4 . there is a zoo named night safari in the city. its very 5 . mr. smith often goes to the zoo to see the animals with his children on weekends. mr. smith lives at 87 king street. in the morning, mr. smith goes to work 6 his children go to school. mr. smith always takes them to school every day. mrs. smith stays at home every day. she does the housework. she always eats her lunch at home. 7 the afternoon, she usually visits her friends. they often drink tea together. in the evening, mr. smith and his children come home from 8 . at night, the children always d0 9 homework then they go to bed. mr. smith usually 10 his newspaper. but sometimes he and his wife watch television.l. a. come b. is c. are d. be2. a. speak b. say c. tell d. talk3. a. he b. his c. him d. himself4. a. country b. countriesc. beach d. city5. a. interest b. interested c. interests d. interesting6. a. but b. and c. or d. so7. a. from b. on c. at d. in8. a. school b. home c. park d. zoo9. a. his b. her c. their d. theirs10. a. looks b. watches c. sees d. reads（五） i live in cairo in africa (非洲). cairo is the capital of egyptand the largest city in the arab world. i work in a small shop.the shop is near a native(当地的) 1 . every day, many students come to 2 things.in the 3 , i get up at six. and then i have breakfast. i get to the 4 at about seven fifty. the shop opens at eight oclock. we sell things like food and 5 . we have a lot of school things, 6 . so 7 people often come to our shop from 8 to evening. i have 9 in the shop. at seven in the evening the shop is closed. i go home 10 supper. sometimes i go to visit the pyramids（金字塔）. its great!1. a. farm b. factory c. school d. river2. a. buy b. sell c. take d. want3. a. evening b. afternoon c. noon d. morning4. a. classroom b. school c. shop d. club5. a. think b. drink c. drinking d. thank6. a. too b. also c. and d. but7. a. much b. many c. lot of d. a lots of8. a. morning b. afternoon c. noon d. breakfast9. a. supper b. breakfast c. tea d. lunch10. a. to b. atc. with d. for（六）rowan atkinson wants to retire (退休) now! he will no longer play the character mr. bean. do you 1 the movie mr. bean(憨豆先生 )? i like this movie. its a funny 2 . the actor is rowan atkinson, a great 3 star. he often makes people 4 in the movie. mr. bean is a lovely and funny man. he often 5 wrong(错的)things, 6 people like him. he 7 drive a yellow minicar and he often takes a teddy bear 8 him. he acts the story from our 9 . my friends and 10 like him very much.1. a. know b. read c. watch d. look2. a. thriller b. documentary c. comedy d. action movie3. a. running b. tv c. singing d. movie4. a. sad b. happy c. exciting d. boring5. a do b. does c. doesnt do d. does do6. a. and b. but c. or d. too7. a. like b. like to c. likes d. likes to8. a. for b. to c. with d. at9. a. life b. homes c. schools d. classes10. a. he b. me c. him d. i（七）ann is having a birthday party. there is a 1 with candles on the table. some people bring birthday presents. ann is so 2 ! lets look at childrens birthdays in some different countries 3 the world. argentina（阿根廷) : ear pulling. now 4 is jims birthday, and people are pulling his ear. jim is thirteen years old this year. they pull his ear 5 times. denmark (丹麦): flags. now it is toms birthday in denmark. you 6 see a flag flying outside a window of his home. israel(以色列): chair lifting. the small child 7 in a chair. people lift the chair up and down one time for 8 year of the childs age. philippines (非律宾): colored lights. some people 9 colored lights outside their homes. russia(俄罗斯): birthday pies. many russian 10 get a birthday pie, not a birthday cake.1. a. cake b. bowl c. drum d. pear2. a. sad b. ugly c. clever d. happy3. a. during b. around c. across d. between4. a. it b. this c. she d. he5. a. eight b. ten c. eleven d. thirteen6. a. neednt b. can c. may d. dont7. a. sleeps b. stands c. sits d. lies8. a. each b. much c. all d. many9. a. make b. sell c. put d. draw10. a. parents b. children c. brothers d. sisters（八）hi! my name is hye-seung hyun. i am 13 years old. i livewith my sister and 1 in seoul (首尔), the capital. we eat 2 at 7:30. on weekdays, we eat a korean-style (韩式 ) breakfast. but on theweekend, my mother 3 american food for us. i go to school 4 bus with my sister every day. we have a short time to 5 in the morning after we arrive at school. we have different lessons 6 . today, we have english 7 art. i come home early today because there 8 an event(事情) in my school. my school 9 usually ends at 3:00 oclock in the afternoon. my sister and i 10 to swimming lessons after school.1. a. uncles b. aunts c. cousins d. parents2. a. breakfast b. lunch c. supper d. rice3. a. draws b. cooks c. takes d. sells4. a. on b. in c. by d. at5. a. reading b. read c. plays d. playing6. a. at home b. in hospital c. at school d. in bed7. a. or b. and c. but d. so8. a. am b. are c. is d. has9. a. week b. year c. month d. day10. a. go b. goes c. came d. comes（九）afternoon teajim, my friend, is from london. he likes to eat afternoon tea(下午茶）. this is a small meal, not a drink. the food in england is different from 1 chinese food. in china, we often eat dumplings, noodles or some rice. but the people 2 eat lots of potatoes. theylike to eat 3 every day. and they often eat bread 4 breakfast. they like the bread 5 butter, cheese or jam. we dont like to eat them 6 in china. the people in england 7 drink a lot of milk in the morning. and they like cold milk. 8 they put it in their tea. there are many tea drinkers in the 9 . at their dinner, 10 the main meal they always have some dessert.1. a. we b. our c. ours d. their2. a. here b. in england c. in china d. there3. a. it b. food c. them d. theirs4. a. at b. of c. for d. with5. a. with b. on c. in d. about6. a. very much b. lots of c. a lots of d. on7. a. also b. too c. like d. likes8. a. always b. very c. sometimes d. much9. a. world b. town c. school d. country10. a. as soon as b. after c. when d. why（十）13岁的美国“企业家”madison stump is 13 years old. she is an entrepreneur (企业家) in the usa. she has a 1 business, paperagain. madison lives in a green family. one day madison thought, 2 not use old boxes and paper to make beautiful notebooks? and i can 3 them to help people in need. that night madison made her 4 notebook, and she used an empty gum(口香糖) box 5 a cover. madisons first customer (顾客) is 6 sister. then all madisons school friends want to buy her 7 .madisons dad has a 8 idea. they start a website, paperagain. com. they sell 9 notebooks online. now her notebooks are selling at the 10 in her hometown.1. a. red b. white c. green d. black2. a. why b. what c. when d. who3. a. buy b. show c. take d. sell4. a. first b. one c. last d. two5. a. with b. to c. at d. for6. a. his b. her c. your d. my7. a. notebooks b. clothes c. toys d. knives8. a. bad b. funny c. good d. boring9. a. few b. these c. little d. much10. a. school b. bank c. hospital d. store（十一）my parents and i love traveling very much. now we are in a country of 1 and windmills (风车). it is the netherlands. there are 2 than 2,000 windmills in the netherlands. they still 3 on the farms. about 20% of its land 4 from the sea. the tulip（郁金香）is a symbol （标志）of the 5 people celebrate（庆祝）tulip festival every 6 . there are a lot of 7 in this country. you can enjoy good milk and cheese here. yum people here love to ride 8 bikes. what do dutch kids do 9 they pass their exams? they often hang(悬挂) a school bag and a national flag 10 the gate! come and have a good time in the netherlands!1. a. cars b. flowers c. buses d. trees2. a. much b. more c. fewer d. many3. a. sleep b. live c. work d. enjoy4. a. comes b. are c. go d. gets5. a. park b. school c. farm d. country6. a. year b. day c. month d. morning7. a. monkeys b. cows c. lions d. dogs8. a. a b. an c. the d. /9. a. because b. before c. so d. when10. a. in b. on c. at d. to（十二） every school has its own rules. in