江苏省连云港市东海县横沟中学中考英语一轮复习 八上 Unit 58 语法知识（无答案） 牛津版.doc

unit 58 语法知识 动词不定式：1）动词不定式的基本形式是“be+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，其否定形式是“not to +动词原形”。2）动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1. 用作宾语 (v. + to do ) ： i want （ buy） a computer.she hopes （find）a better job.i wish （go）with you.need to do learn to do agree to do plan to do decide to do refuse to do begin to do start to do try to do forget to do remember to do like to do stop to do go on to do 2.用作宾语补足语（v.+ sb. + to do ）: she asked me (help)her.the teacher told him (come)on time.edisons mother taught him (read)and write. want sb to do wish sb to do get sb to do order sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to do help sb to do 作宾语补足语不带to 的情况:常见动词有： 一感： 比较：二听： i saw her crossing the street.三让: 四看: i saw her cross the street.3用作状语： i went there (see)my teacher. she came back （get）her english book. the box was too heavy （move）.4.用作主语（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）1）.to be an actress is my dream. it is my dream to be an actress 2）. to go abroad is his dream. 3）. to say is easy, to do is difficult 常用句型： its +adj+of sb+to do sth.eg:你能邀请我，你真是太善良了。its very kind of you （invite） me.若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.eg:你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 its clever of you the maths problemits +adj+for sb+to do sth.若形容词是描述事物的性质，用for sb.这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard， important，dangerous，（im）possible等。 eg:对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险 its very dangerous for children the busy street. eg:对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 its difficult the work. 5用作表语 his work is (feed)the animals her job is （look） after the patients my wish is （be）a scientist6.用作定语 （这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略） give me something （drink）.they have much food （eat）.he asked for a room （live） in i dont have a pen (write)with.7.疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 when to start has not been decided. 语 比较： i dont know what to do. 语 i dont know what to do.he can tell you where to get the book 语 i dont know how to do it.the question is who(m) to ask. 语 i dont know what to do about it练习：一 说出句中的不定式，以及在句中作什么成分1. it takes you ten minutes to get there. 2. i hope to see him soon. 3. his wish is to become an artist. 4. people eat to live, but not live to eat. 5. i have a lot to tell you. 6. we often see him play football. 7. its not right to be always thinking of oneself. 二 ， 翻译1 跳舞非常有趣。 2 种些植物是非常有必要的。 3 说英语对我来说并不容易。 4 你长大了想做什么？ 5我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。 6她有几个问题要问。 7. 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。 8他是一个值得信赖的人。 9 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。 10 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。 三. 选择1. they looked for him everywhere and found him _ under the tree. a. lies b. lying c. lay d. lain2. i saw him _ the supermarket just now.a. enteredb. entering c. enterd. to enter3. the girl who sold matches was found _ the next morning.a. dieb. dying c. died d. dead4.-do you remember _ me somewhere in hangzhou? -yes. i think thats 2 years ago.a. see b. seeing c. to see d. saw5. the scientist stopped _ to me though he was busy. a. talkingb. to talk c. to have talk d. having talk6. the more you think about it, the more questions you will think of _. a. ask b. asked c. asking d. to ask7. the doctor did what he could _ that child.a. save b. to save c. saved d. saving8. i have no pen _.a. writing b. writing with c. to write with d. writing过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事，或者表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。 (1)结构： was/weredoing(2)用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：他爸爸骑自行车时摔到了，并弄伤了自己。his father fell down while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.(3)常用的时间状语： this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while。(4)when和while的区别：引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。如：你妈妈正在做饭时，你爸爸干什么呢？what was your father doing _ your mother was cooking？当你回来时，你妈妈干什么呢？what was your mother doing _ you came back?while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。如：我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视i my best to finish my work while my sister tv. when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问，while 不能。如：when were you born?你是什么时候出生的？动词各时态练习：( )1. - i called you yesterday evening. but you were not in. - sorry, i _ in the shop with my mother. a. am b. will be c. was d. have been( )2. - what_ the noise, bill? - sorry, i broke my glass. a. is b. was c. has been d. will be( )3. there_ a football match and a concert this weekend. a. is b. are c. will be( )4. - do you know who took the students to the old peoples home, tony?- well, mr smith . a. took b. does c. did d. do( )5. when you_ at a restaurant, please order just enough food. a. ate b. will eat c. eat d. haven eaten( )6. the schoolboy_ to the blind man on his way home yesterday afternoon. a. apologizes b. apologized c. will apologize d. has apologized( )7. the astronaut is so tired that he_ for eleven hours.a. has been asleep b. has fallen asleepc. has gone to bed d. has gone to sleep( )8. - why was your class so lively, mr li? - oh, my students_ in groups about the coming school trip.a. discuss b. are discussingc. were discussing d. have discussed( )9. - i hear you are a big fan of yao ming. - quite right. but its a pity that he _ several years ago. a. retires b. retired c. will retire ( )10. i saw him in the library yesterday. he _ a book at that moment. a. reads b. is reading c. was reading d. will read( )11. julia isnt going to the cinema with us because she_ the film a. sees b. saw c. will see d. has seen( )12. - millie, where is miss li? - she_ a speech on chinese art to the first-year students in the hall. a. gives b. gave c. is giving d. has given( )13. - do you know whether david will go cycling or not tomorrow? - david? never! he_ outdoor activities. a. hates b. hated c. is hating d. has hated( )14. - frank, you look worried. anything wrong? - well, i_ a test and im waiting for the result. a. will take b. took c. am taking d. take( )15. - which team do you think_ the game? - hard to say. there are still ten minutes before it ends. a. won b. has won c. will win d. wins( )16. oh, you are here. i_ you came back. a. dont know b. didnt know c. havent known d. wont know( )17. i didnt hear the phone because my father _ tv then a is watching b. was watching c. watched d. watches( )18. sally took a photo of her frie