a collection of English in Organic Chemistery.doc

第八章 苯脂肪族化合物aliphatic compound芳香族化合物aromatic compound芳香性aromaticity苯benzene萘naphthalene蒽anthracence菲phenanthrene甲苯toluene苯胺phenylamine苯甲酸benzoic acid苯甲醛benzaldehyde苯酚phenol苯磺酸benzene sulfonic acid邻 ortho 间 meta 对 para连 vicinal 偏 unsymmetrical 均 symmetrical苯基 phenyl芳基 aryl第九章 醛和酮Aldehyde 醛Ketone 酮Nucleophilic Addition 亲核加成carbonyl group 羰基Acyl group 酰基electrophilic 亲电的Nucleophilic 亲核的acid catalyzed reaction 酸催化反应Steric factors 立体因素Electronic factors 电子因素nucleophilic addition reactions. 亲和加成反应The Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide 加氢氰酸反应The Addition of Sodium bisulfite 加亚硫酸反应The addition of organometallic compounds 加金属有机化合物The addition of H2O 加水反应The addition of Alcohol 加醇反应Essential structural feature 必不可少的结构特征Mechanism 机理Acetals as Protecting Groups 保护羰基The addition of Nitrogen Nucleophiles 加胺及氨的衍生物Formation of Imine Derivatives 亚胺的形成Acidity of -Hydrogens 活泼氢的反应KetoEnol Tautomerism 酮式烯醇互变Acid-Catalyzed Halogenation 酸化卤化Base-Promoted Halogenation 碱性促进卤化Aldol Condensation 羟醛缩合Oxidation of Aldehyde 醛（酮）氧化反应Hydride Reduction Reagents 用金属氢化物还原Meerwein-Ponndorf Reduction 麦尔外英彭杜尔夫还原反应Cannizzaro reaction 康尼查尔反应Wittig ReactionOxidation of Alcohol 醇的氧化Oxidation of Alkene and Alkyne 烯烃和炔烃的制备Control Oxidation of Side chain of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 芳香烃的控制氧化Friedel-Crafts Acylation 付克酰基化Michael AdditionsDiels-Alder Addition第十章 酚Phenol and Quinone酚 醌Reactions related to the hydroxy group酚羟基的反应Claisen RearangementClaisen 重排反应phase transfer catalyst PTC相转移催化剂Fries RearangementFries 重排反应Friedel-Crafts Reaction 复克反应 烷基化与酰基化Kolbe Schmidt 反应 类似格式试剂与有机锂进攻二氧化碳Reimer Timann 反应 酚类与碱性溶液氯仿一起在临位引入醛基第十一章 羧酸substitued carboxylic acid 取代羧酸carbonyl group 羰基aldehydes and ketones 醛和酮nomenclature 系统命名法saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸monocarboxylic acid 一元酸 dimonocarboxylic acid 二元酸polymonocarboxylic acid 多元酸2-butenoic acid 2-丁烯酸（巴豆酸）（IUPAC命名法中，将母体烃去掉词尾e，加上oic acid）3,4,5-trihyroxybenzoic acid 3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸（没食子酸）3-hydroxy-3-carboxypentandioic acid 3-羟基-3-羧基戊二酸（柠檬酸）Methionine 蛋氨酸 pyruvic acid 丙酮酸-acyl 酰基 -acetyl 乙酰基conjugate acidbase 共轭酸碱carboxylate anion 羧酸盐阴离子sodium and potassium carboxylate salts 钠和钾盐electron-withdrawing Groups吸电子基团electron-releasing Groups 给电子基团field effect 场效应Ortho effect 邻位效应steric hindrance 空间位阻carboxylic acid derivatives 羧酸衍生物acylhalide 酰氯anhydride 酸酐carboxylester 羧酸酯amide 酰胺cyanide 氰化物hydrolysis 水解esterification 酯化反应reversible reaction 可逆反应decarboxylation 脱羧第十二章 羧酸衍生物carboxylic acid derivatives羧酸衍生物acylhalide酰卤anhyride酸酐carboxylester羧酸酯amide酰胺nitrile腈acyl酰基命名中词尾的变化：酰卤: -oic acid 改为 -yl halide或 carboxylic acid 改为 carbonyl halide酰胺： -oic acid -ic acid 改为 -amide酸酐：-acid 改为 -anhyride酯：-ic acid 改为 -ate腈：在相应烃的英文名称后加nitrilemethoxycarbonyl甲氧甲酰基acetyloxy乙酰氧基aminocarbamoyl氨甲酰基chloroformyl氯甲酰基cyano氰基nucleophilic addition-elimination亲核加成消除hydrolysis水解氨解：ammonolysis醇解：alcoholysis酰氧键：acyl-oxygen bond烷氧键：alkyl-oxygen bond四面体中间体：tetrahedral intermediateprotonation质子化tetrahedral cation四面体正离子cyclic acid anhydride环状酸酐ester exchange酯交换amic aci酰胺酸dacylation酰化反应acylating agen酰化剂tNBS N溴代丁二酰亚胺第十三章 碳负离子的反应Carbanion 碳负离子Enolate ion 烯醇负离子KetoEnol Tautomerism 酮式-烯醇式互变异构现象Racemization 外消旋化Condensation reaction 缩合反应 Condensation agent 缩合剂Perkin Condensation 柏琴反应Knoevenagel Reaction 克脑文格尔反应Darzen Reaction 达参反应Claisen condensation 克莱森缩合Ethyl Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸乙酯Alkylation 烷基化Acylation 酰基化Diethyl malonate 丙二酸二乙酯Malonic Ester 丙二酸酯Dihalide 二卤化Stork enamine reaction 斯陶克烯胺反应第十四章 有机含氮化合物nitro compounds 硝基化合物 imine 亚胺nitro-group 硝基(NO2) Amines 胺类Nitrite ester 亚硝酸酯Primary amines 一级胺Secondary amines 二级胺Tertiary amine 三级胺quaternary ammonium salt 四级铵盐类methylamine 甲胺 ethylamine 乙胺cyclohexylamine 环己胺arenediazonium salts 芳香重氮盐Schotten-Baumann （肖特-鲍曼）反应diazotization 重氮化反应ring-expansion reaction 扩环反应N-nitrosoamines N-亚硝基胺Nitrosation 亚硝基化反应第十五章 杂环化合物Heterocyclic 杂环化合物Aromatic heterocyles 芳杂环化合物Nicotinic acid 烟酸Nicotinamide 烟酰胺Azole 唑Pyrrole 吡咯Furan 呋喃Thiophene 噻吩Tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃Pyrazole 吡唑Imidazole 咪唑Oxazole 噁唑Thiazole 噻唑Is