江苏省镇江市高考英语短文阅读类训练（13）.doc

镇江市2014高考英语短文阅读类训练（13）及答案或解析阅读理解 it is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. but can other animals do the same? elephants can! they can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not.in kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the maasai and kamba ethnic groups. young maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.in an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a maasai or a kamba man. when the elephants detected the smell of clothing worn by a maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all. garment color also plays a role, though in a different way. in the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by maasai men. rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.the researchers believe that the elephants emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.6. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true about kamba and maasai people? a. maasai people are a threat to elephants. b. kamba people raise elephants for farming. c. both kamba and maasai people are elephant hunters. d. both kamba and maasai people traditionally wear red clothing.7. how did the elephants react to smell in the study? a. they attacked a man with the smell of new clothing. b. they needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.c. they became anxious when they smelled kamba-scented clothing. d. they were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies. 8. what is the main idea of this passage? a. elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.b. elephants attack people who wear red clothing. c. scientists are now able to control elephants emotions. d. some kenyan tribes understand elephants emotions very well.9. what can be inferred about the elephants behavior from this passage? a. elephants learn from their experiences.b. elephants have sharper sense of smell than sight. c. elephants are more intelligent than other animals.d. elephants tend to attack rather than escape when in danger.参考答案 adaa *结束the new year is a time for celebration for almost for everyone of the world. in britain, people go to pubs and nightclubs to dance the old away, and to welcome in the new one at midnight.in recent years, street parties have become more popular. thousands of people gather in squares, main streets or on the river banks to listen to bands playing and to see fireworks displays.for people who stay at home, most are attracted by the special, live new year shows on tv. they are waiting for the countdown, along with the presenters, from 10 to 1 as the last second of the old year away and the bells of the new year are rung. scotland, people visit their neighbors and drink, dance on new year s eve. if you re invited to a scottish home that night, its important to know what to bring with you: a lump of coal, some shortbread and some whisky.the coal shows warmth, so youre wishing the people you visit will have enoughheat in the coming year. the shortbread represents food, so youre hoping that the people will have enough to eat in the new year. some scots call whisky “the water of life, so when you hand over your bottle to your hosts, it means you want them to have enough to drink over the next 12 months.and there s one more key task you still have to perform if you can. the first person to knock on a neighbor s door is supposed to be a tall, dark, and handsome man who will bring good luck to the household. but what if thats not you? well, don t ring the bell just yet. wait a while and the right person is sure to turn up soon!1. what is the best title for this passage? a. seeing the old year off in britain. b. celebrations of a scottish new year. c. visiting scottish homes on new year d. sending good luck in the new year.2.why do visitors take things to a scottish new year s eve? a. to share good food and warmth. b. to help those poor families. c. to send best wishes to the families. d. to show richness and generosity.c篇：1. b。文章主要讲述了英国人们庆祝新年的活动方式，其中拜亲访友也在其中，所以最好的标题是b；而a、c和d只是其中的一部分，不能作为文章的标题。2. c。文章倒数第二段具体描述了大年除夕拜访亲朋好友时要带的东西的含义，每件都代表着拜访者美好的祝愿和祝福，the coal祝愿来年的温暖，the shortbread和whisky代表着饮食富足，因此选c。3. b。根据文章叙述的事实，这儿的the right person肯定是那个适合开门的人，也就是上文说的a tall, dark, handsome man who will bring good luck to the household。4. a。文章第三段主要讲述了呆在家里的人们的活动。呆到深夜当然是为一直在欣赏电视节目，而倒计时计数和新年的钟声只是他们等待的东西，不可能一直在做。5. c。根据第二段的叙述可以看出，人们举行街道晚会庆祝新年的活动除了欣赏乐队演奏外，还可以欣赏烟花，由此推断：人们会在公共场合燃放烟花以示庆祝，所以选c。而a、b和d的叙述本身就不正确，黄金表达imagine，one day，getting out of bed in beijing and being at your office in shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to beijing and having dinner there想象一下这么一天：早晨在北京起床，两个小时后到上海上班，然后，工作一整天后，回家到北京吃晚饭。itll be a win-win project. for other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among 单词百宝箱n. negotiate vt. & vi.1.谈判,磋商the contract was negotiated.合约已谈妥。maintenance u1. 维持,维护; 保养he learnt tractor maintenance.他学会了拖拉机维修。domestic adj. 本国的,国内的their new car is a domestic make.他们的新车是国内生产的。sustain vt.支撑; 维持; 支持the branches could hardly sustain the weight of fruit.树枝已很难支撑水果的重量。migrate vi.迁移; 移往these birds migrate northwards in spring and southwards in fall.这些鸟春天向北迁徙,秋天向南迁徙。release vt.释放; 放开they released the prisoners.他们释放了俘虏。surgery u. 外科手术your condition is serious and requires surgery.你的情况很严重,需要动外科手术。artificialadj. 造的,人工的,a lot of people use artificial sweeteners in their tea or coffee.许多人在茶或咖啡中放进人造甜味剂。socialize n. 社会化what are some of the common ways people socialize in public? 在公众群体中人么一般是通过什么样的方式被社会化的？ *结束（201*重庆卷）dwilliam butler yeats, a most famous irish writer, was born in dublin on june 13,1865. his childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. later, yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. in fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his familyboth his father and his brother were painters. but he finally settled on literature, particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry.yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. he set himself the fresh task in founding an irish national theatre in the late 1890s. his early theatrical experiments, however, were not received favorably at the beginning. he didnt lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.compared with his dramatic works, yeatss poems attract much admiring notice. the subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. though yeats generally relied on very tradisional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. as his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.he had not enjoyed a major public lift since winning the nobel price in 1923. yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life. had yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the age of 50 and 75. after yeatss death in 1939, w. h. auden wrote, among others, the falling liners:earth, receive an honoured guest:william yeats is laid to rest.let the irish vessel (船) lieemptied of its poetry.68. which of the following can describe yeatss family?a. it filled yeatss childhood with laughter.b. it was shocked by yeatss choice.c. it was a typically wealthy family.d. it had an artistic atmosphere.69. according to thse passage, what do we know about yeatss life?a. yeats founded the first irish theater.b. yeats stuck to modern forms in his peotry.c. yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.d. yeats was not favored by the publie until the 1923 noble prize.70. what kind of feeling is expressed in w.h.audens lines?a. envy. b. sympathy.c. emptiness. d. admiration.71. what is the passage mainly about?a. yeatss literary achievements.b. yeatss historical influence.c. yeatss artistic ambition.d. yeatss national honor.【答案】dcda*结束2.这种科普文章多为说明文，要求考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象。解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代；判断正确的流程顺序、正确的生产方法、正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，以便最终做出正确判断。3.着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘，多解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现的现象，因此说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试题。同时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解。4. 科普文章因为其内容的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。一般用言简意赅的文字介绍、解释事理。一般来说，都写得条理分明，有一定的说明顺序和说明方法。5. 科普文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用。 6. 我们同时还要注意一些关于如何培养、知道学生、孩子的科普意识的建议方面的文章。链接高考链接1. （2012山东卷）for those who are tired of doing the laundry, samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app (application). strange though it may seem“my wife already does that was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the consumer electronics show (ces) this week-samsung is just one of many appliance make* racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them smart. last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. this year, its wi-fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.the washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. the phone can then be used a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.samsung says its not just something new-the app connection actually has some practical uses.if you started to dry clothes in the moving and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson amy schmidt.the company also says that with electricity rates (电价) varying depending on the time