高二英语下学期利用课文语言材料挖掘考点实例.doc

利用课文语言材料挖掘考点实例从近三年全国高考（四川）单选题来看：过去分词，名词性从句，定语从句，倒装，情态动词和it的用法都是高考重点；而虚拟语气，动词不定式，省略和构词法却没有专门设题考查，但不定式各省市考查的题较多，虚拟语气，省略和构词法则主要在阅读和完形中出现，估计06年高考题中会出现考查不定式用法的选题。现结合近三年的高考试题，就这些考点结合高二教材加以分析。 近年来的高考试题对过去分词的用法特别青睐,频频对其进行考查。过去分词主要起形容词或副词的作用,表示被动/完成的意义,在句中作状语、定语、补足语、表语等,也可以构成独立主格结构。选择分词时,关键看分词与其逻辑主语的关系,若是其逻辑主语主动发出的动作,选用现在分词;若是被动动作,则选用过去分词。 一、 考查过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等。有时过去分词前也可加上连词when, while, if, unless, though等。过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子中的主语,表示被动或完成意义。例如: 2004年考查了过去分词作状语的用法。（2004年全国高考22题）When first _ to the market, thest products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced.（2004年全国高考25题）It shames me to say it , but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned. D. to be questioned. 在高二上册第4单元课文中有这样一个句子： Once published , his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.在高二上册第3单元课文中有这样一个句子：Seen from the top , it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.二. 考查名词性从句在高二上册我们学过了有关名词性从句的用法。名词性从句几乎每年高考都要考,在各种题目中也经常出现,它也是复合句中比较难以掌握的语法内容之一, 因此应切实掌握这一考点。其中名词性从句的连接词的考查是重中之重,考生如何正确理解句子的含义,选取正确的连接词,是把握好这一类题目的关键。名词性从句包括表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句和同位语从句.其关联词有that, if , whether, who, what, which, when, where, why（2005年全国高考23题考查了宾语从句的用法）Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game . A. why B. what C. who D. that. 在高二上册中有大量的类似句子，如高二上册第六单元： Scientists are also developing new fuels and engines that will let us travel without worrying about whether we are polluting the environment. The schools of the future will probably be quite different from what they are today. 三 : 考查定语从句 定语从句一直是高考测试的重点和热点，关系词是用在定语从句中来代替先行词的,选择关系词的关键是看先行词在定语从句中作何成分。作主语、宾语或表语时,用关系代词,指人用who (宾格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作状语,则选用关系副词,分别用when, where, why代替时间、地点、原因状语;如果先行词在定语从句中作定语,则不管指人还是指物,都可用whose。但这里特别需要注意两个问题：1.“介词关系代词”介词的选择，在教学中要引导学生如何找介词，告诉学生如何去找介词，而介词的选择涉及到介词与先行词之间的关系以及介词与动词的一些固定搭配，介词后面的关系代词只能用which或whom。当先行词是“物”时，介词后面的关系代词用which；当先行词是“人”时，介词后面的关系代词用whom。2.当先行词是时间、地点名词时，学生容易犯固定思维，一看到时间名词就选择when,一看到地点名词就选择where。我们首先必须判断要选择的关系代词在句子中到底作什么成分，如果是作状语，就选择when,where或“介词+关系代词” ；如果是作主语、表语或宾语，就应选择which，that .（2004年全国高考23题）There were dirty marks on her trousers_ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that（2004年全国高考35题）Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that.（2005年全国高考24题）I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom在高二上册第5单元课文中有这样一个句子： The cathedral is famous for the height of its tower, which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England在高二上册第10单元课文中有这样一个句子： He hurried to a place from which others were fleeing, and held his course directly into danger.在高二下册第17单元课文中有这样一个句子： The Beijing Union University has launched a special education college where gifted disabled students receive the help they need to succeed. 四 : 考查倒装 在近几年的高考中倒装句一直备受出题人的喜爱，倒装结构也是英语考试中的常考语法现象，该结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装。所谓全部倒装是指整个谓语部分放在主语前面；而部分倒装是指谓语的一部分(情态动词或助动词)放在主语之前。 考点一：表示地点、方向和时间的副词或者介词放在句首时，句子要全部倒装。这些词有：here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then, 考点二：当含有否定意义的词或短语放在句首时，要用部分倒装。这类词包括：not, never, neither, seldom, little, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, by no means, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only but also。 考点三：so +adj. / adv. +that放在句首， 表示程度，句子要倒装。 考点四：虚拟语气中，省去if 后， 从句需要倒装。 考点五：“only + 状语”放在句首时，句子需要倒装。（2003年全国高考题）The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled.在高二上册第9单元课文中有这样一个句子： Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth. Not until we know will we be able to improve the situation.五:考查强调句型 强调句型是英语中的一种重要的句子结构，它是英语学习者必须掌握的一种重要句型，因而在高考英语试卷中占有一席之地，且其命题从基本结构重点难点的角度切入。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调部分that/who句子的其它部分。当被强调部分为sb.，且在句中作主语时，可用who，也可用that，其它情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。（2005年全国高考30题）It wasnt until nearly a month _ I received the managers reply. A. since B. when C. as D. that. 在高二上册第5单元课文中有这样一个句子： It was not until 250 years later that they formed a single state. 另外，高二教材中还有一些重要句型，在教学时要特别引起注意。如：sb+vt +it adj (for sb) to do sth （2005年全国高考35题）The chairman thought _ necessary to invite professor Smith to speak at the meeeting. A that B. it C. this D. that. 在高二上册第6单元课文中有这样一个句子： The Internet also makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers and companies in other countries.六：考查情态动词高考对情态动词完成式的考查 纵观历年高考英语试题，几乎年年都考查了情态动词。其中,“情态动词 + have +过去分词”结构又是考得最多。高考对情态动词的考查主要体现在以下几方面: 推测用法;完成体用法即“情态动词 + have +过去分词”结构又是考得最多;常见情态动词的基本用法及特殊用法. （2003年全国高考28题）A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for about time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can. C. must. D. will. （2004年全国高考29题）You _ be tired .-Youve only been working for an hour . A, must not B. wont C. cant. D. may not （2005年全国高考26题）Tom you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this . A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not （2005年全国高考84题）Some students may also to save. (去掉to）（2003年全国高考80题）advise and should put down 100 words or so each day. (去掉should） 在高二下册第12单元课文中有这样句子： He also suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were considered impossible in his own time. No human being could have passed a happier childhood than myself .七：考查状语从句 状语从句中，逻辑关系词的选用在近三年的高考中比例有所加重，因此在平时的教学中要引导学生学会分析长难句，弄清句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，在高二的教材中也有大量的句子。（2003年全国高考21题）Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. A. unless. B. since. C. although D. when（2003年全国高考29题）Were going to the bookstore in Johns car . You can come with us _ you can meet us there later. A. but B. and C. or D. then（2004年全国高考27题）_ you call me to say youre not coming , Ill see you at the theatre. A. Though B. Whether C. Untill D. Unless（2005年全国高考27题）They wanted to charge $ 5000 for the car, _ we managed to bring the price down. A. but B. so C. when D. since在高二上册第5单元课文中有这样一个句子： It is built where two rivers come together.在高二下册第11单元课文中有这样句子： I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family.在高二下册第13单元课文中有这样句子： An estuary is the body of water where a river meets the ocean.八：其它（特殊短语和单词） 在进行单词教学时，对遇到的重要短语要进行归纳。比如学call up 时，