江苏省昆山市中考英语辅导材料 冠词的用法知识点.doc

冠词精讲一、概念冠词是一个虚词，本身无独立的意义用来帮助说明名词所指的人或物,是泛指还是特指。冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二冠词的位置1. 不定冠词位置：不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前，a beautiful flower注意：a. 位于such，what，many等形容词之后，即such/what/many + a/an+形容词+单数名词 i have never seen such an animal. 我从来没见过这样的动物。 many a man is fit for the job. 许多人适合这岗位。 b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容词+a/an+名词 it is as pleasant a day as i have ever spent. 我从未这么高兴过。 so short a time 如此短的时间 too long a distance 距离太远了 c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可，如：rather a cold day/a rather cold day。 2. 定冠词位置：定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。all the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。 三、相关知识点精讲1.不定冠词 a/an的用法1）a用于辅音发音开头的词，如：a book; a horse; a universit; a useful machine; （a “u”）an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple；an hour; an umbrella;（ an “h”）2) 表示某人(事物)的某一种类 my father is a driver. do you like an apple or a pear?3) 表示某一事物中的任何一个 an elephant is bigger than a horse. a monkey can climb trees.4）表示某人某物,但不具体说明何人何物。 a student from class two runs fastest. a man is calling now. 5）表示数量， 有“一” 的含义 there is a flower in the vase. a panda has a mouth , a nose，two eyes.6）有些不可数名词要表示“一种”、“一场”、“一堆”时， 须加不定冠词 a heavy snow a strong wind make a fire have a good time7）用于固定词组have a word with sb.同某人谈话 have a try 试一下have a good time 玩得高兴 have a look 看一看;have a headache 头痛 ; have a good sleep 好好睡一觉go for a walk 散步take a bath 洗澡 tell a lie 撒谎wait a moment 等一会with a light heart 愉快地with a smile 微笑着with an effort 努力地as a result 因此 once in a while 偶尔for a moment=for a while 一会儿make a face 做鬼脸in a hurry 匆忙地do sb. a favour 帮某人忙 take an active part in 积极参加 at a time 每次as a whole 作为整体all of a sudden 突然 once upon a time 从前in a word 总之 2. 定冠词的主要用法1）特指某人某物，以区别于其他人、物 this is the head of our team. 这是我们代表团的团长。2）用于谈话双方都明确的人或物前take the medicine.把药吃了。 3）用于上文提到过的人或事。he bought a house.ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。4）用于世上独一物二的事物前，the sun（moon, earth, sky, world, globe等）5）用于序数词前，the first one, the second one6) 用于形容词最高级前autumn is the best season here. 这里的秋天最美。7）用于表示方位（东南西北中左右）的名词前tianjing is in the east of china. 天津位于中国东部。注意：from east to east之类的结构除外8）用于某些江河湖海，山川群岛，海湾海岸，沙漠前the yangtze river, the yellow river, the sahara, the taiwan straits 9) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前，如国家、组织机构、某些报纸名the peoples republic of china, the united nations, the times, the peoples daily10）用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人，the browns 布朗一家11）用于形容词前，表示一类人，the old 老人，the poor 穷人用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物the horse is a useful anamial.马市游泳的动物12）用于演奏的乐器、文娱艺术活动等名词前，play the piano, go to the cinema/the theatre13）用于逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代，in the 1990s 二十世纪九十年代14）用于表示发明物的单数名词前，the telephone 电话15）用在惯用语中。 for the most part 大多数by the way 顺便说一下；all the time 始终in the middle of 在中间；go to the concert/cinema/theater 去听音乐会/去看电影/去看戏at the moment当时，此刻；all the year round 一年到头；on the one hand 一方面；on the other hand 另一方面in the afternoon/morning/night/evening；in the year 2008 在2008年all the same 依然；on the whole 总之；at the same time 同时；the other day 在不久前某at the bottom of 在底部；in the end 终于；in the daytime 白天in the morning (afternoon，evening), in the day在白天 the day after tomorrow后天 the next morning第二天早上 the day before yesterday前天 in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark在黑暗中 in the rain 在雨中 at the beginning of在开始时 by the way顺便说 at the age of在岁时 at the moment立刻，马上3.零冠词的用法1）可数名词复数或不可数名词表示一类或泛指时teachers must love students. 老师必须爱学生。my father and mother are teachers.2）专有名词（洲、国家、人名）前一般不用冠词，japan,jim3）学科、球类运动、棋类、或游戏名词前不用冠词。play football/basketball/tennis/chess/bridge.are you going to play basketball or football?你们是打篮球还是踢足球？4一日三餐前，一般不加冠词。但如其前后有形容词或从句、短语等修饰时（即表示特指某一餐），应加冠词。have breakfast(lunch/supper)we had a good dinner at mr.zhangs yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我们在张先生家吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。how did you like the dinner mr.jack gave us?你认为杰克先生给我们吃的晚餐怎么样？5）学科、语言、医学中大部分疾病名、某些报纸刊名前不用冠词chemistry, english, high blood pressure, china daily6）季节、月份、星期几、节日前一般不加冠词；但季节、月份等词前后，如有限制性定语修饰表示特定时间，其前加定冠词trees turn green in spring.春天树变绿了。we often go skating in the winter.我们经常在冬季滑冰。（说话人把季节看成一年的某一部分。）new years day 新年；national day 国庆节； may day 五一节we had a terrible hot summer this year.今年我们过了一个炎热的夏天。（季节名词前有描绘性形容词修饰时，也可加不定冠词。）7）在大多数学校、街道、公园、广场、桥梁、车站、机场等名词前不用冠词， tiananmen square, nanjing road, tianjin railway station8）可数名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格及a kind of, a sort of, a type of, a piece of等修饰时不用冠词。give me that pencil, please.请给我那支铅笔。this is my book.这是我的书。i can never get used to this kind of life.我永远习惯不了这种生活。9）称呼语或指家里雇佣的nurse、cook等名词前以及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语以及同位语时不用冠词。whats this, mother? 妈妈，这是什么？ask nurse to put the child to bed. 让护理员把孩子放上床。abraham lincoln became president of the united states.亚伯拉罕林肯当选为美国总统。he is head of the english department.他是英语系主任。10）描述交通方式时，不用冠词，by train(air, bus, boat, sea, bike)my house is about twenty minutes by bike.骑自行车到我家大概得20分钟。11）不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词时。 b. 序数词作副词。例如：he came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。 c. 在固定词组中，如at（the）first, first of all, from first to last等。12）.“零冠词+单数可数名词+as/though+主语+谓语，+主句”意为“虽然/尽管，但是”。hero as he is,he has some shortcomings. 尽管他是一位英雄，但是他也有缺点。as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不用冠词。child as he is, he knows a lot of english.尽管他是一个小孩，但直到很多英语。13）在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）, husband and wife, knife and fork等。14）在部分习语中不用冠词catch fire, give way, take place, lose heat, at home, by chance, in/on time, catch sight of, make use of, take part in, catch hold of, on foot.at dawn 在黎明 at night 在晚上 at noon 在正午 at dusk 在黄昏at last最后; by mistake出错; at noon/night在中午/晚上 on holiday度假 for example例如 on display/ show展览 in class在课上上述知识可列表归纳如下:(一)不定冠词的用法 :1指一类人或事, 相当于a kind ofa plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物, 非特指a boy is waiting for you.3表示 “每一”, 相当与every, onewe study eight hours a day4表示 “相同”, 相当于the samewe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前, 表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事a mr. smith came to visit you when you were out.that boy is rather a lei feng.6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time.7用于quite, rather, many. half, what, such之后this room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后she is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.(二)定冠词的用法:1表示某一类人或物the horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the sun3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事would you mind opening the door?4用于乐器前play the violin., play the guitar5同于形容词和分词前表示一类人the rich, the living, the wounded6表示 “一家人”或 “夫妇”the greens, the wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前he is the taller of the two boys.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海山川群岛的名词前the united states, the communist party of china, the french9用于表示发明物的单数名词前the compass was invented in china10在逢十的复数数词前, 指某个年代in the 1990s 11用于表示单位的名词前i hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词, 身体部位名词及表示时间的名词前he patted me on the shoulder.（三）零冠词的用法:1专有名词, 物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前beijing university, love, air2名词前面有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制i want this book, not that one.3季节,月份,星期,节假日, 一日三餐前march, sunday, national day4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前linclon was made president.5学科, 语言, 头衔的名词前he likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork8表示泛指的复数名词前horses are useful animals.注意点一：部分名词前有或无定冠词the表不同意思：by day在白天 by the day按天计算in case of以防 in the case of就来说in charge of负责，管理 in the charge of由负责in office执政 in the office在办公室at church 做礼拜 at the church 在教堂 in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在看来go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能take advice征求意见 take the advice听从劝告be of age成年 be of all age同龄go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱特别提示：当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：he went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed.他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。注意点二：冠词+形容词+名词1）两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。a black and a white cat一只黑猫和一只白猫。 the black and the white cats 这些黑猫和白猫2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。a black and white cat一只花猫。考点聚焦冠词是历年中考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。考点1 考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法how about taking_short break? i want to make_call.a. the; a b. a; the c. the; the d. a; a 【解析】 答案为d。take a short break“休息一会儿”， make a call“打一个电话”。 christmas is_special holiday when_whole family are supposed to get together. a. the; the b. a; a c. the; a d. a; the 【解析】 答案为d。a special holiday指“某一个特别的节日”；the whole family为特指。 考点2 考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法i looked under_bed and found books i lost last week. a. the; a b. the；the c. 不填；the d. the; 不填 【解析】 答案为b。此题中的the bed和the books都为特指。the bed 指“所看的床”；the books指“所丢的书”。 i like_color of your skirt. it is good match for your blouse. a. a; the b. a; a c. the; a d. the; the 【解析】 答案为c。 the color指“你衬衫的颜色”；a good match泛指“和你的外套相配的一种好颜色”。 考点3 考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配george couldnt remember when he first met mr. anderson, but he was sure it was sunday because everybody was at church. a. /; the b. the; / c. a; / d. /; a 【解析】 答案为c。a sunday泛指某一个星期天；at church为固定搭配，不用冠词，意为“在做礼拜”。 many people have come to realize that they should go on_balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise. a. a; / b. the; a c. the; the d. /; a 【解析】 答案为a。a balanced diet泛指“一种平衡的饮食”；make room为固定搭配，意为“腾出空间”。 考点4 考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.a.a;不填 b.the; a c.the; the d.不填; a【解析】答案为a。分析句子可知，第一个空用“a”表示“一种”，某些不可数的抽象名词前用不定冠词表示某种具体的情况或概念。第二个空不用冠词，make room意为“腾出空间（时间）”为固定短语。how about _christmas evening party? i should say it was _success. a. a; a b. the; a c. a; 不填 d. the; 不填 考点5 考查在名词前用不用冠词意义的不同we went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent. a. the; the b.不填;the c. the; 不填 d.不填;不填【解析】答案为b。 by sea意为“经海路”；by the sea意为“在海边”；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常要加定冠词。george couldnt remember when he first met mr. anderson, but he was sure it was sunday because everybody was at church.a./; the b. the; / c. a; / d./; a【解析】答案为c。不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前，泛指“某个星期几”；at church表示“做礼拜”，at the church表示“在教堂”。故本题选c。 冠词精练江苏省中考英语冠词选题50道1. wendy likes playing _ piano, while her brother is interested in playing _tennis.a. 不填; the b. the; 不填 c. 不填; 不填d. the; the2 to find better job, she planned to learn second foreign language.a. the; a b .a; a c. the ; the d. a; /does the boy usually have breakfast out?yes. but today he got up very early and had good breakfast at home.a. /; ab. the; an c. /; an d. the; a3 mr philip has made _ survey on students lunchtime, and _ survey shows us a lot of problems. a. an; an b. the; the c. a; the d. the; a4 millie has black cat in her home. cat likes playing with her every evening. a. a: a b. the; the c. a: the d. the: a5 the second sunday of may is_ mothers day. its _ special day for children to show their love for their mothers.a. a; the b. the; a c. ;a d. ;the6what_ pity that you couldnt be there to receive_ prize!a. a; the b. the; a c. a; a d. the; the7 i like playing chinese chess best. what about you? football is my favorite sport. a. the, the b. the, c. , the d. , 8 this is _ second year that china has taken part in the activity earth hour. but we hope we can try our best to make the earth _better world.a. the; ab. a; thec. the, /d. the, the9 i often have _ egg and a glass of milk for _ breakfast every day.a. an; / b. a; / c. an; the d. a; the10 there is _ h in the word ghost, but the h doesnt make _sound. a. a; a b. an; a c. a; the d. an; the 12the second sunday of may is _ mothers day. its _ special day for children to show their love for their mothers.a a ; the b the ;a c /; a d / ; the 13-why not take _ umbrella with the sign “made in china”? its _ useful one.- what _ good advice.a. an; an; a b. an; a; c. a; an; a d. ; an; a14 mo yan, _ordinary-looking writer from shandong, china, was presented the nobel prize for literature last year.a. a b. an c. the d. /15 jeremy lin, _nba star, used to be _unknown player in new york knicks.a. a; a b. an; an c. an; a d. a; an16 the picnic party was really interesting. we had _ good time.a. a b. an c. the d. /17 this is _ picture i told you about！ i see. isnt it _ beautiful one?a. the; a b. a; a c. the ;the d. a; the18 diaoyu islands have _ area of 6.4 square kilometers. they belong to china. a. a b. an c. the d. /19 in america, fathers day falls on _ third sunday in _ june.a. the; 不填 b. the; a c. 不填; the d. a; 不填20-how far is it from this hotel to _railway station ? -it is _ seven-kilometer walk from here. a. the, / b. /, an c. the, the d. the, a21 i woke up with_ bad headache, yet by_ evening the pain had gone. a. the; the b. the; an c. a; an d. a; the 22 is david honest and organized boy? yes, that is why he was chosen to be the president of the students union.a. ab. anc. thed. /23 -this is story ive told you about several times. -its great. ive never heard more moving one.a. the, ab. the, thec. a, ad. a, the 24 when we arrived, she went straight to _ kitchen and started to prepare _ meal for us.a. /, a b. the, c. the, a d. a, the25 nanjing, _ old capital of the six dynasties, is becoming _ more beautiful city for the coming 2014 youth olympic games. a. a, a b. the, the c. the, ad. an, the26 although it seemed to be _ painful experience, he still found it _ fun.a. a, / b. /, a c. a, the d. the, a27- put _ waste bag into the dustbin, please. - its not _ waste bag. its my shopping bag. a. the; a b. a; the c. a; a d.不填; the28.lee min-ho is _ actor from south korea. he sang _ chinese pop song on the 2014 cctv new years gala.a. the；an b. /; the c. an；a d. a; /29have you seen _ film where are we going, dad? yes, its _ interesting film! a. a; the b. the; an c. a; an d. the; the30. what _ heavy rain it was! yes, but i love _ air after it rains. it smells so fresh. a. the; a b. a; the c. the; the d. a; a 31 my cousin went abroad at _ age of eighteen.a. a b. an c. the d. 不填32 why did you laugh just now？ ted wanted to tell us _ very funny story, but he forgot _ ending himself. a. a; an b. the; the c. the; a d. a; the33. if we sit by window of the train, well have better view.a. /; the b. /; a c. the; a d. the; the34 in the united states, fathers day falls on_ third sunday in_ june.a. the, 不填 b. the, a c. 不填，the d. a, 不填35 if you go by train, you can have quite_ comfortable journey, but make sure you take_ fast one.a. a, a b. the , a c. the , the d. 不填，a35we can have_ bluer sky if we create_ less polluted worldaa；a ba；the cthe；a dthe；the36- youve dropped _ s in the word necessary.- oh, _ letter s is doubled.a. a; a b. a; thec. an; thed. the; the37 beijing is _ capital of china and it is _ city with many places of interest.a. a; a b. a; the c. the; a d. the; the38 -which one is your mother?-_ one in a purple skirt under the big tree.a. a b. an c. the d. /39 jack started to work at _ early age because his family was very poor.a. a b. an c. the d. /40 i want to go to paris where i can learn _french languagea. 不填 b. a c. an d. the41. more and mor