新编大学英语 3 Unit 6 教案.doc

Unit 6 Man and Animals (6 periods)I. Teaching aims: 1.to do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work to practice the students spoken skill and communicative skills;2. to grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them enrich their vocabulary; 3. to discuss the significance of protecting animals and environment;4. to do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.II. key points: 1. to learn the relationship between man and animals;2. talk about the ways to protect wild animals from extinction and the importance of environmental protection.III. difficult points: 1. to paraphrase some difficult sentences and catch their meaning.2. to grasp some useful words and phrases to related to travel.IV. teaching process:i. Warm-up1. Try to name as many animals as possible.bird butterfly peacock bee dove pigeon eagle cuckoo bat chicken duck cock goose parrot hen swan cat seagull crow deer sparrow dog mule swallow rat owl dragonfly pig ass horse ox goat dolphin bull cow calf lion zebra tiger camel panda fox bear leopard elephant wolf snake whale hare rabbit seal snail mosquito sheep donkey mouse monkey2. Do you know what it is? (P241) The strongest mammal in the world? Lion Who runs fastest in the world? Leopard The tallest one in the world? GiraffeThe most clever animal in the world? Gorilla The heaviest one in the world? Whale Who leads a shortest life among all the animals in the world? Mouse 3. Do you have a pet? Have you lived on a farm? Tell stories about your pet or farm animals to your group members.4. Learn some proverbs about animals: Hair by hair you will pull out the horses tail. 一根一根拔，拔光马尾巴。（水滴石穿） A running horse needs no spur.奔马无需鞭策。The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping 兔子睡懒觉，乌龟跑赢了。Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分If water is noisy, there are no fish in it. 咆哮的水中无鱼。（夸夸其谈者无真才实学。）ii. In-class reading1. introduction Since we live in such crowded cities, it is reasonable that too much aggressiveness showed in our performances. Some psychologists believe that aggression is a basic human instinct. The passage suggests that hostility and aggression be expressed in constructives and non-violent competitions.2. pre-reading questionsWatch a video clip and answer the following questions:Reference words:frightened, attack, hurt, protect, competition, non-violent1) When are animals aggressive?Animals are aggressive when they are frightened, when they want to protect their young, when they are attacked or hurt, and when they are put in a corner or a small space.2) When do people become aggressive? Men are aggressive when they are attacked or insulted or hurt, when they are pressed, when their lives or properties are threathened.4) What is the possible solution for mans hostility and aggression? The encouragement of competition in all possible fields would diminish the likelihood of peoples aggressive behavior. When people take parts in international competitions in sports or for the best designed house, or the safest car, they can channel their aggression into non-violent competition and constructive activity. 3. words and phrases:1）accumulation n. hoard up 积聚，积累 同 collection 【记忆】词根 accumulate v. 积聚，积累；accumulative adj.贪婪的，喜欢积聚的；accumulator n. 累积者 联想记忆ac(to)+cumulate(heap up),堆，堆积堆积，聚集 +ionaccumulation 【考点】accumulation of experiences (money, funds) 积累经验(钱，资金);an accumulation of books (evidence, rubbish) 收集一批书籍(一堆证据，一堆垃圾) accumulate v. 例如：Dont you think we should learn and earn more so as to accumulate knowledge and fortune when young? 你不觉得年轻的时候，我们该多学点，多赚点来积累知识和财富吗？2) aggression (n.) (Tittle)侵略；敌对的情绪或行为；攻击行动 构词法：adj. aggressive (Line 1, Para. 1) 好争吵的；有进取心的；有冲劲的 adv. aggressively 好斗地；挑衅性地；好争吵地 n. aggressiveness 敌对情绪 n. aggressor (正式；贬义) 侵略者 男孩子总是通过打架来表现他们的敌对情绪。 Boys usually express their aggression by hitting each other. 他现在好像不那么咄咄逼人了。 He appeared to be now in a less aggressive mood 一个积极进取的年轻人在这所大学里是会大有作为的。 An aggressive young man can go far in this university. an aggression upon ones right 侵害某人的权利 commit aggression against 对进行侵略 air aggression 侵犯领空; 空中侵袭 commercial / cultural / economic aggression 商业/文化/经济侵略 an aggression on sb.s personal liberty 对某人人身自由的侵犯3) assert (v.) (Line 38, Para. 4) (assert oneself) say clearly what you think 坚持自己的想法、权利、意见 state or declare forcefully 断言，宣称，声明 assertion (n.) ( + that ) a forceful statement or claim 断言；强硬声明 assertive (adj.) forceful; expressing strong opinions or claims 断言的；武断的 Dont be so shy you need to learn to assert yourself. (坚持自己的主张) The Consumer Association tried its best to assert the consumers rights . (维护消费者的权利) He repeated his assertions that he was not guilty. (一再声明他的无辜) You couldnt fail to notice that assertive young man. (那个说话武断的青年人) He_his authority by making them be quiet. A) asserted B) assented C) assaulted D) assembled 答案为【A】译文：他迫使他们安静下来，以维护他的权威。 assent同意，批准 assault攻击，袭击 assemble集合，组装4) centralized (adj.) (Line 42, Para. 4) 集中的 centralize (v.) gather under central control 集中 centralization (n.) 集中 在旧式政治制度下，权力集中在一个人手里。 Under the old political system power was centralized in the hands of one person. 这一工程集中了全国的技术精英。 The project centralizes the technical elites of the country. 5) constructive (adj.) (Line 36, Para. 4)having a good effect or likely to produce good results 建设性的，有益的 反义词destructive (adj.) (Line 37, Para. 4) causing destruction 破坏的，毁坏的 建设性意见/会议 John made a number of very constructive suggestions at the meeting. 大火/森林/破坏性的影响 The fire caused destructive effects to the forest.6) instinct n. natural ability or tendency to act in a certain way 本能 同 faculty, impulse, talent 【记忆】instinctive adj. 本能的；instinctively adv.本能地【考点】 例如：have an instinct for 生性爱好，生来就 by instinct 出于本能Cat preys on mouse by instinct. 猫捉老鼠是出于本能。Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on_.A) consciousness B) impulseC) Instinct D) response 答案为【C】 译文：人的行为主要是学习的结果，而动物的行为则主要取决于本能。consciousness 意为“意识”，impulse 意为“冲动”,instinct 意为“本能”，response 意为“反应”。7) intrude (v.) (Line 3, Para. 1) ( + into, on, upon) bring or come in when not wanted 闯入；侵入；打扰 如果他们很忙，我就不打扰他们了。I dont want to intrude on them if they are busy. 这一儿时回忆不时地闯入她的脑海。The memory of her childhood kept intruding itself into her mind. 他总是把自己的意见强加于人。He is always intruding his opinion upon ruder (n.) 侵入者；闯入者intrusion (n.) 闯入；侵入；打扰intrusive (adj.) 闯入的；侵入的；打扰的 词汇辨析 intrude 多指未经允许而闯入或对他人事务进行干涉。 interfere 指干扰、妨碍别人的行动或某事的进行。常用作贬义词。 interrupt 多用于指突然介入而使正在进行的事情中断，也可表示阻断、妨碍。 青年人不希望父母过多地干涉自己的事情。Yong people dont want their parents to interfere too much with their personal business.敲门声打断了他的思考。A knock at the door interrupted his concentration.一架不明国籍的军用飞机侵入我国领空。An unidentified military plane intruded into the airspace of our country.8) likelihood n. probability 可能性 【记忆】词根为likely adj.可能的，加名词后缀-hood表示“性质”，“状态”，另外还可表示“身分”，“资格”。 falsehood n. 错误 childhood n. 童年 priesthood n. 牧师 【考点】 in all likelihood 很可能 例如：In all likelihood, it will snow. 很有可能要下雪。 Theres little likelihood he will come here in such a big rain. 下着这么大的雨，他到这儿的可能性很小。 9) mechanical adj. of, connected with, moved, worked, or produced by machinery 机械的，呆板的 同 dull, emotionless 反 conscious 【记忆】可参考下列单词记忆： mechanic n. 技工，机械工 mechanics n. 机械学，技巧 mechanize vt. 使机械化，用机械装备 【考点】 His acting is not at all mechanical. 他的表演一点儿也不呆板。 Now it is thought not a good method to ask the students to recite mechanically. 现在人们认为让学生们机械背诵并不是一种好方法。 After he had been asked the same question many times, his answer became_. A) machineB) mechanics C) mechanic D) mechanical 答案为【D】译文：被问了许多次相同的问题后，他的回答变得机械了。 A项“机器” B项“机械学” C项“技工” D项“(形容词)机械的”10) prehistoric adj. of the time before recorded history 史前的 【记忆】前缀pre-表示“在以前”，词根为historic adj. 历史的由前缀pre-构成的词还有：premeditate vt. 预先思考preoccupy vt. 先占，先取prejudge vt. 预先判断preexist vt. 先于而存在11) scale n. size of extent 大小，规模，范围; the relationship between the size of something in the map and its size in the real world 比例 【考点】in a scale一定尺度，在一定范围内 on an extensive scale 广泛地 sink in the scale 降级 to a scale 按一定比例This map is drawn to scale. 这张地图是按比例绘制的。on big (vast large, massive ) scale 大规模地(的)，广泛地(的)China is carrying out the reform on a large scale.中国在大范围地进行改革。The map was drawn to the standard_of 1：150,000, so there was not much detail. A) grade B) routeC) line D) scale答案为【D】译文：地图是按标准的1:150，000的比例绘制的，所以上面没有太多的细节。grade级别，等级，例如：Grade One一年级；route路线，例如：Long March Route长征路线；line一般意义的“线、线条”；而scale有多种意思，其中之一是“比例，比例尺”，尤指地图、航海图、平面图上的距离与相应的实际距离之间的比例关系.12) submission (Line 6, Para. 1)submit (v.) ( + to) yield oneself; agree to obey 服从；顺从 ( + to) offer for consideration 呈送；提交； submission (n.) 服从；顺从; 呈送；提交；提出 submissive (adj.) 恭顺的；归顺的 submissively (adv.) 恭顺地；归顺地 学生/教师/教师要求提交新年晚会计划 T: Hi, boys and girls, how are you going to celebrate the New Years Day?S: Oh, Mr. Smith, were thinking about a masquerade (化妆舞会) party.T: That sounds great. But I am afraid you have to submit the plan (提交计划) to your administrator. 儿子/母亲/服从父母管教 Son:Mum, I will not submit myself to you (服从) because of the following points. First, .Mum: OK. You dont have to show submission (服从) to me. But can we discuss？13) territorial (adj.) (Line 3, Para. 1) 守卫自身活动地域的；领域性的; 领土的；属地的 领土主权 territorial right 领土争端 territorial disputes 领土扩张 territorial expansion 领土完整 territorial integrity 地盘性动物 territorial animals territory (n.) (Line 3, Para. 1) C; U land ruled by one government 领土；版图 area regarded by a person, animal as belonging to it alone 地盘；领地area of knowledge or activity (知识或活动的)范围，领域他们解放了囚犯及被占领土。They liberated the prisoners, the occupied territories.他的研究兴趣甚广。His scientific interests cover a wide territory. 14) violent adj. fierce; furious 暴力的，暴力引起的，激烈的 【记忆】可参考下列单词记忆： violence n. 暴力，残暴 non-violent adj. 非暴力的【考点】例如：a violent storm 猛烈的风暴 lay violent hands on 对行凶，向下毒手 Don t be so violent to me. 不要对我这么凶。15) zoologist n. experts of animal 动物学家 【记忆】词根为 zoology n.动物学，-ist 表示“家” 一些表示学科及学家的词还有：geology n.地质学 geologist n.地质学家 archaeology n.考古学 archaeologist n.考古学家botany n.植物学 botanist n.植物学家4. phrases and expressions1) as it is: in fact 实际上例如：I thought he must have finished his work, but as it is he hadnt nearly started it.我原以为他一定已经做完工作了，但实际上他几乎还没有开始。His mother expected him to get good mark in the exam, but as it is he flunked.他母亲希望他在考试中取得好成绩，但实际上他却没有及格。2) care for: take care of 关心，照顾例如：Who cares for your baby when you are away on business?你出差的时候谁照顾你的孩子?care for the younger generation 关怀青年一代3) find expression in: 在中找到表达方式/以方式表达 他的情感最终由眼泪表现了出来。His feelings at last found expressions in tears. 他们的个人主义在他的作品/举止中表现了出来。Their individualism found expression in his works / behavior.4) in itself: without considering the rest 本身例如：The fair is in itself a symbol of the development of Chinas foreign trade.这次交易会本身就是中国对外贸易事业发展的象征。The story in itself teaches a moral lesson.这个故事本身就有教育意义。 5) turn to: ask for help or support 求助于，借助于例如：Whenever I have difficulties, I turn to my teacher for help.我有困难时，总是向老师求助。She has nobody to turn to.她无人可求助。 6) warn off: tell sb. go away 告诫离开例如：They warned him off, but he kept walking on the ice.他们告诫他离开，但他还坚持在冰上走。The children were warned off the river.人们告诫孩子们不要离河太近。5. text structure1) Listen and catch the main idea.2) Talk about the main idea the organization of the text: Introduction (Para. 1)Man must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures.The comparison of aggression in animals and human beings (Para. 2-4)1) An animal may show abnormal aggressiveness in abnormal conditions. (Para. 2) 2) Human aggression. (Para. 3) 3) The reasons for human aggression. (Para. 4) Solutions to the problem (Para. 5)Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition, will the human race be able to survive.3) Finish the comrehension excersises on Page 253.6. difficult sentences:1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (L.46)【解析】这是一个倒装句式，因为省略连词if放在句首，所以倒装， 相当于If a fight should follow, neither creature will be badly hurt。For 引导原因状语从句。【译文】但是，如果真有争斗，任何一方都不会受重伤，因为败方会做出表示投降的动作来保全性命。 【例句】Neither of them has replied.他们两人都没有答复。These two books are neither of them very good.这两本书都不是很好。You are a sore loser. 你是一个输不起的人。2) A tiger that once came out of the jungle into a village and attacked a man was later found to have an injured paw that had evidently prevented it from hunting its usual prey. (L.911) 【解析】本句的主句是 a tiger was later found to have an injured paw。第一个 that 引导的是定语从句修饰 tiger，在这个从句中，that (tiger)是主语，谓语是 came 和 attacked。第二个that引导的也是定语从句，修饰 paw。【译文】有一只老虎从丛林跑到村庄来，袭击了人。人们后来发现原来它的爪子受了伤，明显使它不能像平时那样去猎食。3) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (L.1112) 【解析】这是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。（可参看第一单元）【译文】假如不是因为受伤，这只虎毫无疑问还会呆在丛林里，像往常那样去猎取食物。 4) Some zoologists and psychologists compare modern man to a caged lion. (L.17) 【解析】compare 后可接 to或 with，在表示两物相似时常用compare to，在比较两物的异同时常使用compare with。【译文】一些动物学家和心理学家把现代人比喻成笼子里的狮子。【例句】Still only twentyfive, she has been compared to the greatest dancer of all time.她才只有25岁，就已经被比作有史以来最伟大的舞蹈家。5) If conditions had remained thus, man might have been no more aggressive than his fellow creatures. (L.2122) 【解析】 no more than 不过，仅仅【译文】假如现在还有这样的条件，人类就不会比其他动物更加好斗。【例句】It cost me no more than one dollar a week.我每周在这上面至多花一美元。6) In fact, it is almost impossible for them to behave otherwise. (L.2425) 【解析】otherwise这里是副词，意为：in a different way, differently (用别的方法，另外)别样，以另外方式。【译文】实际上，要他们不这样做几乎是不可能的。【例句】I think it will rain this afternoon, but my brother thinks otherwise. 我认为今天下午会下雨，但我的兄弟却不这样认为。7) Man must have become more aggressive over the years as the world population has increased.(L.26) 【解析】推测语气，表示肯定用must, can, could, may, might（语气依次减弱）表示疑问和否定用cant, couldnt所有上述情态动词后面接完成时表示对过去的猜测，接不定式表示对现在的推测。【译文】这些年来，由于世界人口的增长，人类必定是更为寻衅好斗了。【例句】You must be wrong.你肯定错了。 Can the news be true?这消息会是真的吗？8) The impulse to assert himself has enabled him to survive in a dangerous world, but ironically, he is now likely to destroy his own species unless alternative, non-violent ways of expressing aggression can be found. (L.2932) 【解析】这是由 but 连接的两个句子。在第一个句子里， 主句是：The impulse has enabled him to survive in a world。to assert himself 修饰 the impulse，第二个句子是个复合句，主句是：He is now likely to destroy his own species，unless引导条件状语从句，从句中，主要结构是：ways can be found。【译文】正是一种想要显示自己的权威的冲动使人能够在这个充满危险的世界上生存下来。然而，具有讽刺意义的是，除非人类能找到其他发泄好斗本性的非暴力方法，否则就可能毁灭自己。【例句】You will be late, unless you hurry.如果不赶紧，你就会迟到。Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，否则比赛都会进行。9) A man who may once have been a self-employed craftsman, master of his own trade, might now have a boring job in a factory. (L.3435) 【解析】句中master of his own trade 作a self-employed craftsman的同位语，进一步说明是一个怎样的个体手工业者。【译 文】有的人也许曾经是一名个体手工业者，一位能工巧匠，而现在却可能在工厂里干着单调乏味的工作。【例句】He is a tailor by trade.他的职业是裁缝。Shoemaking is a useful trade. 制鞋是一门有用的手艺。10) A small firm that once worked as a team to produce high-quality goods is likely to be absorbed into a vast organization where their work is mechanical and there is no possibility for personal expression. (L.3536) 【解析】本句的主要结构是 A small farm is likely to be absorbed into a vast organization。第一个that引导定语从句修饰 firm，第二个定语从句由where引导修饰organization，where在从句中作地点状语。第二个定语从句中有两套并列的结构，分别是：their work is mechanical和there is no possibility for personal expression。 【译文】一家曾经精诚合作生产出了高质量产品的小公司现在可能被并入了一家大机构，员工的工作很机械，没有机会自我表现了。11) A man who would hesitate to hit another person in front of his eyes may kill thousands of people by dropping a bomb from a plane; to him they are too remote to be human beings, but are merely figures on a chart of his routine job. (L.4143) 【解析】本句的主要结构是：A man may kill thousands of people by dropping a bomb。who 引导的定语从句修饰 a man，分号后的部分是由but连接的两个句子，前者是 they are too remote to be human beings，后者是(they) are merely figures on a chart。 【译文】一个不大愿意对他面前的人拔拳相向的人也许会从飞机上投下一枚炸弹从而导致成千上万的人的死亡；对于他来说，那些人太遥远已不算是人了，只不过是他日常工作报表上的数字而已。12) The encouragement of competition in all possible fields should tend to diminish the likelihood of war rather than increase it. (L.4446) 【解析】本句的主要结构是The encouragement should tend to diminish the likelihood of war.【译文】对于所有可能的领域中竞争的鼓励应该逐渐减少而不是增加战争的可能性。【例句】possible 是一个普通的定语，举例如下：a possible solution to this problem 解决这个问题的较合适的办法the only possible action 唯一可采取的行动likelihood 是 likely 的名词形式。Is there any likelihood of his coming?它可能来吗？in all likelihood 十之八九，极有可能13) Anthony Storr suggested that the United Nations should organize international compe-titions in sports and also for the be