高三二轮语法专题复习-动词与短语动词.doc

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用【专题四】动词和短语动词（一）从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析1.宾语不同，意义也不同go on doing（继续干同一件事） go on to do（接着去干另一件事） regret doing（后悔干了某事） regret to do（相当于be sorry to do）forget doing （忘记已做过的事） forget to do（忘记要去干的事）remember doing（记得已做过的事） remember to do（记住要去干的事）mean doing（意味着干） mean to do（想干）try doing（尝试做） try to do（设法做） consider doing（考虑去做） be considered to be/have done（认为是/认为已经做了）2.接宾语或宾补如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider+doing sth / sb to do sthWe forbid smoking here. You are forbidden to smoke here.3.有些词如need,require,want,deserve+doing sth / to be done The room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaning4.主动形式表示“被动”意义的动词sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等，它们的主语是事物，且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,要用主动形式表被动意义：My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。（二）从组成形式和它们的恰切含义上辨析1.意义不同：answer（回答）/answer for（对负责、偿还）常见的还有：search（对人、物或场所搜查）/search for（搜寻人、物或场所）leave（离开某地）/leave for（去某地） reach（到达；拿到）/reach for（伸手去拿）prepare（准备）/prepare for（为作准备） enter（进入）/enter for（报名参加）run（经营；跑）/run for（竞选） stand（站；忍受）/stand for（代表）pay（付钱、债给某人）/pay for（付钱买某物）2.以意义为突破口进行辨析意义内涵不同型defend, protect, guard 都与 “保护”有关。defend 指采用办法消除存在的危险或击退正在进行的攻击。protect 指使用某种遮盖或外力，外物防御可能的伤害或毁坏。guard 指小心警惕，防止实际存在的或可能发生的危险。 They raised a large army to defend the country.The entrance to the palace were well guarded.动作状态不同型：begin（开映：动作非延续性）/be on（开映：状态延续性）The film began at 5 oclock and has been on for half an hour.电影5点开映，已开映半小客观主观不同型：receive（客观上：收到）/accept（主观上：受到）I received her present but I didnt accept it.我收到了她的礼物，但没有接受。V.重点所要背诵的短语动词1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组accuseof(=charge with)控告/指控某人犯有罪add to 增添add up 加起来 add up to 加起来达,合计达adaptto使适应 adjustto使适应agree with同意某人意见（接sb.或idea, view等）；适应；与一致agree to (ones plan/ proposal) 同意某人的计划或提议answer for对负责apply for申请，请求 appeal for恳求，呼吁attachto将系在.，使隶属/附属于，将缚在approve of赞成 apologize to sb for sth因向某人道歉be absorbed in埋头于，专心于be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于，迷恋 be admitted to/into获准进入，被录取2.以break为中心的词组break away from脱离，逃离，打破 break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解；vi.出故障，抛锚；衰弱break in闯进，打断；使顺服 break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始break out爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚 break off 打断，断绝，折断，突然终止break through 突破，克服，挤过去 break up vt.开垦，破碎；解散，分解;vi.结束3.以build为中心的词组build on / upon 建立在上，依赖，指望 build up 增加，增进，4.以burst为中心的词组burst forth 爆发，喷出，忽然出现 burst in 闯进，突然出现burst into闯进，突然起来，突然发出 burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑burst out 迸发，爆发，突然发出，大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑5.以 bring为中心的词组bring about导致，引起，促使 bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复bring down 使下降， bring forward 提出 bring out 发表，出版， bring up 抚养，培养，6.以call为中心的词组call at 访问（某地） call away 叫走，把（注意力）转移开call up 打电话给; 召集; 使想起 call for 需要，要求，接（某人）， call in 召集，收集，请入，引入call off 取消，下令停止 call on 拜访（某人），号召 call out 大声喊，唤起7.以carry为中心的词组carry away 冲走，带走，冲昏某人头脑 carry off 带走，夺去的生命，获得（奖品）carry on 坚持，继续，进行carry out 贯彻，执行，实施，完成8.以catch为中心的词组be caught doing被发现做某事be caught in the rain淋雨catch /take fire 着火be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞 catch sight of瞥见catch sbs attention引起某人注意9.以clear为中心的词组clear away 扫除，消除 clear off 清除，清理，（云雾）消散，（雨）停clear out 清除，扫出 clear up（天）变晴；打扫，消除10.以come为中心的词组come about vi.发生， come across偶尔发现，come at扑向，袭击 ； come into being发生，产生，出现，形成come into power开始执政，当权，当选come into effect/ force开始生效，开始实行come into existence形成，产生，开始存在 come into fashion开始流行come into operation开始运转，实施，生效come into use开始使用，获得应用come round/around 拜访，绕道 come to苏醒,共计,达到come to an agreement 达成协议come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to an end终止，结束come to a stop 结束，停止，停顿， when it comes to就而论，谈到come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白come to life 苏醒，栩栩如生 come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来come to oneself苏醒 come true实现，成为现实；come up走近；发芽,上来；（问题）被提出；11.以compare为中心的词组beyond /without compare 无法比较的compare notes with和交换意见/核对笔记compare to把.比作，把与相比compare with把与相比12.以devote为中心的词组be devoted to 贡献给，致力于 devote ones attention to 专心于devote oneself/ones life to 献身于，致力于 devote to献身于，专心于13.以divide为中心的词组be divided by被除be divided on对于有分歧divide sth. among / between在之间分配divideinto 把分成divide up 分割，瓜分，划分，分配14.以die为中心的词组die away渐熄(减弱,消失) 侧重于减弱直至“消失”（尤其指声音，光，风）die down渐渐消失,平息（尤其指火势，大海，脾气）die of 死于（疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等内因）die from 死于（灾害、事故等外因）die off死去 die out 灭绝，消失，熄灭15.以do为中心的词组do a good deed做一件好事 do the deed 付诸行动，生效 do away with去掉，废除；do /cause damage to 损害 do good to (=do sb. good)有益于do harm to (=do sb. harm)有害于 do wrong to (=do sb. wrong)冤枉某人do ones best / utmost尽某人最大努力 do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 帮助某人do up 捆，扎，系 do with忍受，处理（对比：deal with）do without不需要也行，不用16.以 drive为中心的词组drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走，驱赶 drive off 驱散drive out 逐出，乘车出去 drive sb.mad 使某人发疯17.以fall为中心的词组fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默 fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面fall down 倒下，落下，掉下，病倒，失败fall into ruins 成为废墟fall in love with爱上（某人） fall into a habit of 养成习惯fall off 掉下，衰退，减少 fall to pieces 破碎，崩溃，瓦解18.以fix为中心的词组fix a date / time for为安排日期/时间 fix up 修理，安装，安排，建造，提供fix on / upon 确定，决定 fix ones eyes on/upon 注视，凝视fix ones attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在19.以get为中心的词组get accustomed to习惯于，对习以为常get across使被理解get along with与相处 get around 走动，传播，get away离开，逃脱，get back取回，回来；报复get close to 接近，靠近get down to认真对待，静下心来get/catch/seize/take hold of获得，取得，抓住get in touch with与取得联系get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债 get off下车；get over克服；完成get rid of除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through拨通完成，通过；及格20.以give为中心的词组give away赠送；泄露；颁发give in屈服，让步，投降give off发出（烟，气味）give out vt.分发 使筋疲力尽 vi.用完give up放弃；停止give way to让步，退却；屈服于21.以go为中心的词组go about走来走去，（谣言等）流传 go after 追逐，跟随go against 反对，不利于go ahead 前进，进展，继续 go all about 鼓足干劲，全力以赴go along with 陪伴，和一道走 go back to 追溯至go bad 变坏，腐败go beyond 超过，胜过go by 经过，过去go for 支持，赞成，适用于，去（取，拿）go in for 喜欢,参加，赞成，go into 进入，参加，go off 走开，爆炸go on 继续，接下去go on to do 接着做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）go on with继续做，忍受go out 出去，熄灭go over 温习，检查go through 经历，忍受go up 上升，上涨，go without 无需，没有也行go wrong 出故障，走错路22.以hold为中心的词组hold back 隐瞒，阻止，克制，扣留hold up 举起，使停滞23.以keep为中心的词组keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒keep company with和结交keep from阻止keep in mind 记住keep in touch with与保持联系/不断接触keep off 不接近，远离keep on doing 继续，不停地做keep ones balance 保持平衡keep out 使不入内keep pace with跟上，同步调一致keep up 继续，保持，keep up with赶上，跟上 keep watch 守望，值班，注意24.以lay为中心的词组lay off （暂时）解雇，25.以leave为中心的词组leave about乱放，乱丢 leave sb/sth alone 听任，任其自然leaveas it is.听其自然leave behind 留下，忘记携带leave for （离开某地）去某地leave out 省去，遗漏，不把计算在内leave off 停止，leave office 离职，下台leave room for 为让出地方leave school 毕业leave sth, to sb把交给/留给某人.leave sb, sth. 把交给/留给某人leave word / a message 留言，留信26.以look为中心的词组look about四下环顾；查看look after照顾，看管look around东张西望look back on / upon 回顾look down on /upon俯视；轻视look forward to盼望，期待look into窥视；调查；浏览look on /upon旁观；面向look on / upon as把看作look out向外看；注意；当心，提防look over从上面看过去；检查，look through透过看去；看穿；浏览look up 查阅，look up to仰望，尊敬27.以make为中心的词组be made from由原料制成be made (out) of由材料制成be made up of由组成make an appointment with sb.与约定make a difference 有差别，有关系，很重要make a will 立下遗嘱make believe假装make certain / sure确信，把弄清楚make contact with 接通，与接触，与联系make for去向，向前进；有利于make oneself at home随便，别拘束make oneself understood 让别人理解自己make out填写；开支票；理解；辨认make preparations for为作准备make the best/ most of尽量利用；make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占比例make way for 为让路，让路于make it 就这么定了，成功，达到某一特定目标, 赶到。28.以meet为中心的词组meet the need/demand/requirement of满足需要meet with 偶然碰见，遭受，meetby chance/accident偶然碰见make ends meet 使收支相抵29.以owe为中心的词组owe to把归功于，把归因于，owe much to 多亏了，在很大程度上归功于owe it tothat归功于，幸亏owe sb. sth. (=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人30.以pass为中心的词组pass away 去世，（时间）过去pass by 经过，（时间）过去pass on/upon 传递，通过31.以pick为中心的词组pick ones words精选用词pick out 挑出，辨别出pick up 接(某人),接收，获得，搭载，收拾，恢复，爬起，捡起，学会，认识 32.以put为中心的词组put aside 把放在一边；搁置；排除put away 把放好，put back 把放回原处；拨回put down 放下；镇压；记下put an end to 结束，终止，put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡putinto practice把付诸于实践putinto action把付诸于实践，实施，使生效putinto effect把.付诸于实践，使生效putinto operation 将投入生产，实施，开动put off 推迟，延期；，脱下 put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐put ones heart into 全神贯注，专心致志put out 熄灭，伸出，拿出，制造，刺杀put up 举起，挂起；put up with 忍受，容忍33.以refer 为中心的词组refer to 指，提及，参考，查阅refer toas把称做，认为是34.以see为中心的词组see off送行see through 看透，识破，see to 照顾，处理，注意see to it that照料，努力使，注意把seeing that因为，鉴于，既然35.以send为中心的词组send away 解雇，赶走，把送往远处send for 派人去叫/请/拿send off 发出，send out 发出，散发，send up 发射，使上升，send word 通知，转告，36以set为中心的词组be set in 以为背景set about（doing）着手，开始set up 建立，设立，set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样set aside 取消，放在一边set back 把（钟表）往回拨set down 放下，记载set fire to (= seton fire) 放火烧毁set free 释放（某人）set off vi.出发 vt.使爆炸，拨出（钱等）set out vi.出发 vt.开始，着手(to do)，37.以take为中心的词组take a chance / an opportunity碰运气,抓机会take a seat就坐take a shower淋浴，洗澡take advantage of 利用，乘之便take after 仿效，与相似，长得像take aim瞄准，设立目标take away拿走，减去；夺去take back收回，取消take by surprise出奇制胜,突袭 take care to do 务必做，留心做take for/as把当作take charge of负责，主管take down 取下，记下，take effect 生效，起作用take for example 以为例take for granted 认为理所当然 take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗，轻信，领会takeinto account / consideration 考虑，重视take it / things easy 别紧张，从容 take measures / steps 采取措施take off vt.脱去,除去；vi.起飞,成功,成名take office就职，上任take on 呈现，雇佣，承担，担任take ones place就坐，入坐，代替take ones time（to do） 慢慢做 take out 拿出，取出，去除，take over 接管，接任，接收take possession of 占有，拥有take the place of代替take the shape of 呈/取的形状 take the size of 量的尺寸take pride in以为荣，对骄傲takeseriously/calmly严肃认真/冷静从容地对待take sb. by the arm拉某人的胳膊take turns(to do) 轮流做38.以think为中心的词组think about 考虑think aloud 自言自语think highly / well/much/a lot of对评价很高think little/ill/nothing of 轻视，看不起think of 想，想着，想做think of as把看作think out 仔细考虑，想通think over仔细考虑think to oneself 沉思，暗自想think up 想出，想通，想起39.以turn为中心的词组take ones turn to do轮到做turn a blind eye to对视而不见turn a deaf to对充耳不闻turn against背叛，采取敌对态度turn back 折回，往回走turn down 拒绝考虑turn into ，变为turn to for help 求助于turn off 关上,解雇，避开（问题）turn on 打开；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于turn ones attention to把注意力转向 turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页, 改过自新turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来；改变意见；turn to 变成；着手于turn upside down 颠倒过来，40.以watch为中心的词组keep (a) watch 守望，值班，留心watch ones time /opportunity 等待时机watch out (for)当心，监视，注意，提防watch over 查看，监视，看守watch ones weight 留心体重watch ones step 当心，留心【高考预测】1.His joke went so far that it was more than his girl freind could_.A.put forward B. keep up with C. put up with D.do away with2.How about eight oclock outside the cinema? http:/That_me fine.A.fits B.caters httcc C.concerns D.suits3.Dont make any noise or I will be _ mad.A. turned B.driven C. set D. put4.Shortly after the book Uncle Toms Cabin_, the Civil War of America_.A.came about; broke away http B.came out; broke out http:/C.came on; broke up D.came up; broke down5.Oh, my God! So many students are coming out. How can you _ your daughter?Thats easy. My daughter is wearing a red skirt today.A. get out B. find out C. take out D. pick out6.The factory had to a number of employees because of economic decline in the country.A.lay out B.lay off C.lay aside D.lay down7.What field will your son go into after graduation from Nanjing University?Im not quite certain, but he _ a good teacher of English.A.promises B.becomes C.makes D.proves8.I am trying to be the kind of boss that the workers will . A.live up to B.look up to C.watch out for D.put up with9.The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.A.adapt B.bring C.receive D.adopt10.Before the war many people _ possessions they could not take with them.A.threw away B.put away C.gave awayhtt:/D.carried away11.Jenny worked hard before the final examination, and it _ .She got an A.A.showed off B.paid off C.put off D.took off12.Uner good treatment, many patients are beginning to _ and will soon recover.A.pick up B.pick out C.turn up D.show up13.When the Greeks had _ the Persians, a soldier ran from Marathon to Athens.A. won B. bitten C. beaten D. hit14.When it comes to swimming,no one in our class can _ me in this knowledge.A. catch B. suit C. compare D. match15.The mother opened the door quietly so as not to _ the sleeping baby.A. upset B. interrupt C. disturb D. release16.Jim was not _ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it. A. allowed B. permitted C. admitted D. promoted17. My new secretary was very quick; she _ a lot of work in one morning.A. got over B. got across C. got round D. got through18.I know youve always been interested in seeing different places, and experiencing different cultures.Yes, I always think that the experience I_will help me find a good job when I come back.A.win B. succeed C. gain D. achieve19.As he has _ our patience, well not wait for him any longer. A. consumed B. exhausted C. wasted D. torn20. Hu Jintao on Tuesday_ resuming（继续）cross-strait talks on the basis of the 1992 Consensus as early as possible, to resolve problems in a practical manner. A. called on B. called in C. called for D. called at21.Whats the matter with you, Lucy?After the long walk, my legs _ and I couldnt go any farther. A. gave off B. gave in C. gave up D. gave out22.Considering your salary, you should _ at least 100 dollars a week.A. put up B. put forward C. put aside D. put out23.Sometimes the police are not absolutely sure that someone has committed a crime, but _ him of having done it.A. charge B. suspect C. inspect D. doubt24. It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out25.Youve made great progress in your studies of English, havent you?Yes, but much_to be done.A. leaves B.keeps C. remains D. has26.Have you _ any information? No, Im going to _ the business department. A. picked up; call at B. picked out; call on C. got; call on D. received; drop in27. The police have _anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.A. admitted to B. appealed to C. allowed for D. called for28. A completely new situation will _ when the examination system comes into existence.A. rise B. arise C. arouse D. raise29.How about the book you are reading?Good indeed. It _many problems we have come across in our study.A. says B. talks C. covers D. refers30. The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally _ because of the bad weather.A. set up B. broken down C. worn out D. called off31. If no one _ a coat with red buttons on it,Ill have to keep it or send it to the Lost and Found.A. claims B. demands C. asks D. deserves32.We _certain livings as birds not because they have long legs or short legs,but because they all have feathers.A. think B. classify C. look D. divide33. Both_ _ and _ _ laughter do harm to your health.A.burst out crying;burst into B.to burst out tears;to burst intoC.bursting into tears; bursting into D.bursting into crying;bursting out34.Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through35. Think twice and time will _what you have chosen is right or not .A. know B. say C. see D. tell36.Mike Perham,a 17-year-old British teenager, finished his solo round-the-world sailboat trip last week, becoming the youngest person in the world to that.A. achieve B. try C. devote D. conduct37.Whether ways will be found to help China _ the current world financial crisis is just _worries the public. A. prevent; that B. survive; wha. forbid; that D. quit; what38.This problem may lead to more serious ones if_ unsolved.A. making B. left C. remained D. keeping39. Sunny day, isnt it? Lets hope the sunny weather for Saturdays tennis match. A. carries on B. moves on C. goes up D. keeps up40. When the disabled sportsman won a gold medal,a lot of people him on his Success A.appreciated B.approved C.congratulated D.remarked41. His face an embarrassed smile when he heard the result of the competitionA.came on B.took up C.took on D.turned into42. Research _ that ov