专题3 英语的语态.doc

专题 3 英语的语态（主动/被动）1、 主动和被动的区别：She learns English everyday. English is learned (by her) everyday.S Vt. O变法：动作的承受者/对象（主动句中的宾语）提前，+ be (根据失态决定其具体形式）+ V的过去分词+ (by + 动作发出者（主动句中的主语，如果是人称代词，要用其宾格形式，通常不提及，因而可以省略）注意：既然是宾语要提前，那么不带宾语的不及物动词就没有被动语态。2、 被动语态的各种时态:一般现在时 构成：助动词be(am/is/are + V过去分词 e.g. We use this machine in China. This machine is used (by us) in China.一般过去时 构成：助动词was/were + V过去分词 e.g.They built the bridge in 1992. The bridge was built (by them) in 1992.一般将来时 构成：will/be going to + be + V过去分词 e.g. We will/are going to post these books Tomorrow. These books will/ are going to be posted tomorrow.过去将来时 构成：would/was(were )going to do + be + V过去分词 e.g. I would/was going to do the work. The work would/ was going to be done.现在进行时 构成：be + being + V过去分词 e.g. They are building a new bridge in my hometown. A new bridge is being built(by them) in my hometown.过去进行时 构成：was/were + being + V过去分词 e.g. She was looking after the baby when you called. The baby was being looked after (by her)when.现在完成时 构成：助动词have/has + been + V过去分词 e.g. He has finished his work. His work has been finished (by him).过去完成时 构成：助动词had + been + V过去分词 e.g. They had made the plan by last Sunday. The plan had been made (by them) by last Sunday.带有情态动词的被动语态 构成：情态动词(can) + be + 动词的过去分词 e.g. They can repair this car. This car can be repaired.带双宾语的动词的被动语态：give sb sth. Sb. is given sth./ Sth. Is given to sb. 巩固性练习： I 把下列句子变成被动语态 1、We often use a recorder in our English class.2、They will show a new film next week.4、I saw the boy enter the room.5、Will they show a new film next week?7、We often see him help his classmate.8、You must turn off the light before you go to be.d10、The student should learn all the texts by heart.选择填空:1. The reading room _ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2. The workers were made _ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3. Food _ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept4. His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent5. The pen _ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6. Great changes _ in the town since 1988.A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place7. Our compositions must _ next Monday.A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in8. The child will _ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending9. _ his work _ yet? A. havebeen finished B. has been finished C. has finished D. havefinished10. The classroom _ now. A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:1、Can he _ (speak) English? 2、What language _ (speak) in that country?3、The film _ (show) many times since last Sunday. 4、These TV sets _ (make) in Sichuan.5、It has got so dark. Would you please _ (turn) on the light?6、A new hospital _ (build) in this area now. 7、_ the book _ (return).8、Rice _ (grow) in the south. 9、The window _ (not break) by the boy.10、I _ (tell) he _ (not come) just now.答案1. A recorder is often used in our English class.2. A new film will be shown by then next week.4. The boy was seen to enter the room.7. He is often seen to help his classmate.8. The light must be turned off before you go to bed.10. All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 1. speak 2 is spoken 3. has been shown 4. are made 5. turn 6. is being built7. Has returned 8. is grown 9. wasnt broken 10. was told didnt come判断被动语态的依据：1）有be；2)主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系；3）要和时态相结合（主要看助动词）三、难点，重点1.习惯上用被动的表达：Sth./Sb. is said to have done. It is said that./It is reported that./ It is estimated that. / It is known that.; It is thought that.2. 主动表被动的情况：1）某些感官动词（相当于系动词）的系表结构 可以用主动表被动： E.g. The water feels cool. The medicine tastes bitter. (The medicine is tasted bitter. ) The meal smells delicious. 这类动词一般都可译作“做起来” That sounds reasonable. She looks beautiful. 2) 某些动词后加副词可用主动表被动： E.g. This kind of glassed wears comfortably. The television sells well. The pen writes smoothly. The clothes washes easily. There is a piece of paper on the door. It reads “Thank you.”3） want/deserve/need/require/worth + V-ing (want/deserve/need/require/worth + to be +V-ed) E.g. The door needs mending/repairing. ( The door needs to be mended) The novel is worth reading. The children requires looking after. ( The children requires to be looked after) The point deserves mentioning. (The point deserves to be mentioned)4) 不定时作表语形容词的状语(或宾补），虽说与句中主语（宾语）有逻辑上的动宾关系，但是只能用其主动形式（来表达被动意义） E.g. Vegetables are cheap to buy in this season. Some books are interesting to read. They found the subject hard to understand. 3. 关于Vi 1) 一般说来由于Vi不带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态 Eg. She sings everyday. / He can drive. 2) 但是很多Vi+ prep.(=Vt) +O, 因而就有了被动语态; E.g . Look vi look after sb./look down on sb. Sb is looked after. take care of sb. Sb. is taken care of 有很多带介词的动词短语就相当于一个Vt 3) 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语（因为它们任何情况下都是vi) happen; take place; exist; break out; 改错：When the Second World War was broken out, he as a teacher in the school and all his family were killed. This phenomenon is widely existed in China nowadays. 4) 如果出现了Vi的过去分词，则很可能是形容词化了