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英文原文Research on Safety Coal Quantity and its application to Coal and Gas Outburst MineWang Haifeng1, Cheng Yuanping1, Yu Qixiang1, Zhou Zongyong2, Zhou Hongxing1, Liu Hongyong1（1. School of Energy and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221008, China; 2. Qinan mine, Huaibei Coal Co.Ltd, Suzhou, Anhui, 234115, China）Abstract：In view of excavate tension in coal and gas outburst mine and the demand for supervision of coal mine safety, the paper puts forward the concept of safety coal quantity. Safety coal quantity is a part of preparatory coal quantity and means non-outburst danger coal quantity in preparatory coal quantity . Safety coal quantity consists of four parts, preparatory coal quantity in non-outburst danger coal seam, preparatory coal quantity in non-outburst danger region, preparatory coal quantity of non-outburst danger by verification prognosis in outburst threaten region and preparatory coal quantity of non-outburst danger with regional gas control in outburst danger region. For mining safety, mining coal quantity must be safety coal quantity and is a part of its. After analysis of “three coal reserves” and safety coal quantity of Qinan mine in Huaibei Coal Mine Area，it is concluded that safety coal quantity covers about four-fifths of preparatory coal quantity and 2.3 times of mining coal quantity. The mineable periods of preparatory coal quantity, safety coal quantity and mining coal quantity is 16.6 months, 13.3 months and 5.9 months, respectively. According to practical situation of Qinan mine, safety coal quantity of Qinan mine meets the requirement of normal relay and mining safety. Keyword: coal and gas outburst coal mine; safety coal quantity; “three coal reserves”; regional gas control; the engineering methodOur coal mine after decades of underground mining, mining level gradually extended to deep. In 2004, the average large and medium-sized coal mine mining depth of 456 m, 800 m of mining depth more than 15 place, more than 1000 m of coal mine has eight place, the national coal mining every year about 10 to 20 m (fastest nearly 50 m) speed to the deep extending depth 1. Along with the increase of mining depth mine, coal seam gas pressure and gas content increases year by year, some from low gas mine mine mine for a gradual shift gas or coal and gas outburst mines, China has become the world and coal and gas outburst of the countries most affected by the disaster. According to a 2005 45 families to key state-owned coal mining enterprises to carry out surveillance of the safety consultation, 45 door key monitoring state-owned coal mining enterprises in the 415 mines gas and coal and gas outburst mines, 56.4% to 234, including coal and gas outburst mines, 34.2% of 142 2.In order to avoid coal mining to replace nervous, maintain the normal take mine, in 1961, the coal industry released on mine and open coal mine exploit quantity, amount to coal mining and back to the provisions of the amount to differentiate limits (hereinafter referred to as the regulations) 3. As from the mine outburst mines coal and gas outburst mines to upgrade, the country in the formulation of the mine to ensure smooth take three quantity regulation has gradually can not adapt to the coal and gas outburst mines to replace the need. Many coal and gas outburst mines, in actual three quantity and three quantity recoverable period far outweigh the rating occur excavates taking over nervous phenomenon, the main reason is the three quantity of coal and coal to amount to a portion of the coal quantity should have outstanding danger, need to pass regional gas control will eliminate outstanding dangerous mining operations. Gas treatment need time and space, if not mine reserve enough gas treatment time and space will lead to replace nervous. Many of the coal mine enterprises also began to ItalySecurity is refers to the coal and coal and gas outburst coal mine is to has no prominent risk within the scope of the part of the coal quantity, belongs to the quantity of coal to part. Recovery must ensure safety mining face, back to the coal mining quantity belong to safety quantity of coal part. To do mine smoke, digging, adopt balance, ensure the smooth and safe to replace mine mining, the extraction in the design and engineering arrangement, want to do well with the coal production organization coordination, make the safety of coal mine and three quantity in coordination. Ready to coal to be built on the formation and perfection of the gas extraction system or have protective layer on the basis of mining condition, ensure the safety of coal mining normal take over. Safety of coal to build in coal seam gas after a full extraction, and on the basis of reached the coal gas extraction basic indicators requirements, meet the safety mining conditions based on 4.1 safety put forward quantity of coal In view of Chinas coal and gas outburst coal mining to replace nervous and the present situation of coal mine safety supervision work needs, puts forward the coal and gas outburst coal mine safety of concept. Security is refers to the coal and coal and gas outburst coal mine is to has no outstanding dangerous within that part of the amount of coal, mining operations can be directly in the safety of coal within the, safety of coal a see figure 1. Coal and gas outburst mines generally includes prominent coal seam and the prominent coal seam, is ready to coal quantity also include prominent in the corresponding to coal seam and the outstanding amount of coal seam for quantity. The highlight of the coal seam is no danger to highlight, can be directly in the preparation of coal within the mining operations, this part of the coal quantity to belong to the safety of coal. Highlight the coal seam for quantity according to the regulation to highlight the region, dividing the danger zone, no prominent outstanding threatened area and highlight the danger zone. No outstanding in areas of coal quantity, not highlight dangerous, can directly mining operations, belongs to the safety of coal. axonSafety quantity of coal recoverable time is for safety mining coal quantity can be period. Safety quantity of coal reasonable recoverable period refers to the coal and gas outburst coal mine safety is the reasonable time for mining, coal safety had measured less cause the coal mining to replace nervous. Safety quantity of coal mining is to cover with the coating of discharging pressure gas extraction and the coal gas, and other regional pumping gas treatment technology is given priority to, with quaternity local gas treatment technology, to ensure safety of coal can meet the needs of the outstanding coal mining take over. In the mining of coal seam, give priority to the protective layer with the coating of mining by releasing pressure gas extraction technology; Does not have the protective layer in mining under the condition of coal seam by the smoke gas treatment technology.准备煤量区域划分突出危险区无突出危险区区域性瓦斯治理措施瓦斯治理措施检验性预测否是安全煤量已无突出危险评价及措施效果检验Fig.1 Safety coal quantity composition突出煤层煤量非突出煤层煤量突出威胁区突出威胁区突出危险区2 safety of coal and three quantity the relationship回采煤量Fig.2 The relation between safety coal quantity and “three coal reserves”准备煤量开拓煤量安全煤量The regulation is passed in 1961, when the mine mining depth is shallow and coal and gas outburst mines less, less prominent coal, coal seam outburst dangerous small, return roadway can be directly in preparation for the most amount of coal tunneling. But as mine to upgrade the outburst mines, coal mining coal seam by the outstanding change for outstanding coal seam, is ready to coal included a part with prominent dangerous coal quantity, so that the amount of coal to back to cause certain effect. Prominent mine exploit coal quantity, and preparing for the coal mining quantity and quantity and back to the safety of coal quantity relationship figure 2.According to the safety of coal, the definition of safety of coal to belong to the quantity of coal a part, is ready to coal quantity without outburst dangerous in that part of the coal quantity. In tunneling of the area in the necessary roadway, such as mining, and went down the mountain on mining and parking space, the coal mine to amount can form 4. In a certain period of coal safety accounts for only of the quantity of coal to part. Safety of coal includes four parts: 1) the outstanding amount of coal seam for; 2) no outstanding outstanding coal seam in areas of quantity to coal, 3) outstanding threatened area the examine forecast for no outstanding dangerous ready to coal quantity; 4) outstanding by regional gas control area after inspection effect for no outstanding dangerous ready to coal quantity. So in the safety of coal tunneling of the formation of the roadway in coal is the amount to of coal and gas outburst mines for safety mining of coal quantity, back to the safety of coal mining quantity belong to part.3 safety engineering method, the quantity of coalIn order to guarantee the smooth and safe to replace mine mining, must follow the to take a after the gas control principle, to have prominent dangerous ready to coal quantity must take regional gas control measures CaiMeiCeng pumping gas, lower coal seam gas content and pressure, make ready to coal quantity achieved the coal gas extraction basic indicators requirements. The common regional gas control measures include protection layer by layer discharging pressure mining combination gas extraction and the coal seam gas technology smoke two 5,6,7. To ensure the safety of coal mine, mine must be 3 5 years in advance for gas extraction planning, before the end of the next fiscal year every year for the extraction gas plan, do smoke, digging, adopt balance, to ensure the normal working of gas extraction cohesive 8.3.1 protection layer with coal mining is protection of discharging pressure gas extraction technologyIn coal seam mining group of conditions, mining and priority protection layer by layer discharging pressure gas extraction technology. When protection layer after mining, be cover happen inflation deformation, yield joints, coal seam gas permeability increase, form the gas discharging pressure flow conditions, and the wear layer or the ground method such as drilling borehole extraction by the coating of discharging pressure gas, gas will highlight dangerous area into low gas no outstanding dangerous area, realize the outstanding coal seams to security quantity of coal to change. Huainan mineral mining coal seam a pan B11 as protection layer, layer of mining and extraction was protection layer of coal seam gas C13, that is the sky discharging pressure, C13, that is the sky coal seam gas extraction rate is over 60%, reduced the coal seam gas content, the comprehensive eliminates the C13, that is the sky coal and coal and gas outburst danger, realized the smooth mine and the Lord CaiMeiCeng take over the safety and efficiency extraction 9, 10.3.2 the coal seam gas technology smokeIn a single coal bed mining conditions, the advance of coal seam gas drilling a technology to reduce coal seam gas content, eliminate the outburst dangerous coal seam, will highlight the coal seams into safety of coal. According to the arrangement of drilling in different ways, the coal seam gas technology mainly adopts pumping the following three ways. The first kind is all adopt the bottom layer represents large area in drilling smoke gas, coal mining face to eliminate outstanding danger, then heading and recovery of roadway mining face, huaibei coal mine two level 8 result of coal seam gas treatment USES this way. The second method is to use floor wearing layer represents coal roadway tunneling of the drilling a regional gas, coal roadway safety after tunneling of the cover, and again from coal HangZhong construction along the layer borehole extraction from coal mining face gas, and ensure the safety of mining, huaibei coal seam, 81 mining area of jing of gas control by using this method. The third kind of for the next along the layer to screen for long drill progression regional gas extraction method, which is suitable for the geological way simple structure, stable, dip Angle small, occurrence4 engineering example is analyzed4.1 mine situationHuaibei coal mine of jing for coal and gas outburst mines, the Lord CaiMeiCeng for 32, 72 and 10 coal seam, including 32 and 72 for outstanding coal seam coal seam, the outstanding for 10 coal seam coal seam. By the end of December, 2006, mine including 101, 81, 82 and 34 four activities panel, a ready to mining (84 mining area), a pioneering panel (31 panel). The outstanding region, for 32 coal seam, outcrop 550 m for no outstanding-of danger-550-650- m highlight threatened area,-650 MB for outstanding danger zone; For 72 coal seam, outcrop 435 m for no outstanding-of danger-435-460- m highlight threatened area,-460 MB for outstanding danger zone.4.2 three quantity statistical analysisBy the end of December, 2006, the coal mine development capacity of 60.547 million t, ready to coal quantity is 2.66 million t, back to the coal mining quantity is 945000 t, three quantity recoverable period of 30.3 years, respectively 16.6 months and 5.9 months, three quantity and three quantity recoverable period to meet the requirements of the regulations. Mine three quantity the constitution see table 1.Table 1 Safety coal quantity composition of Qinan mine“三量”煤量/万t10煤层71、72煤层32煤层合计101采区81采区82采区84采区31采区34采区开拓煤量586.6639.97781640.68011608.86054.7准备煤量50.3110.043.762266.0回采煤量8.424.16294.5Because mine stope complex geological conditions, the occurrence of coal seam is not stable, 10 coal seam face faults, fold-the dense structure, severely affected by magmatite erosion, 32 coal seam face first for fully mechanized working face, and promote speed, and ready to cycle is long, the mine production and improve the range cause for development of large coal accordingly. Ready to coal quantity, back to the coal mining quantity recoverable period is more reasonable, can satisfy the mine production needs.4.3 security coal quantity statistical analysisFrom the coal mining and the mining face, and corresponding name, face and the gas outburst dangerous control measures and so on several aspects of the safety of coal mine coal quantity of jing statistics, see table 2. 10 for the outstanding coal seam coal seam, the 10 coal seam coal quantity to belong to the safety of coal, including the 1011 and 1013 two working face of coal. The 81 mining area for coal quantity is 713 and 714 two working face of coal, 714 working face of the coal seam gas measures by smoke, has the outstanding work to eliminate risk, this part of the safety of coal belongs to coal, 713 working face are for gas treatment, 713 face still do not belong to the safety of coal quantity of coal. The 82 mining area for coal quantity is 721 and 7122 working face of coal, the two face are in no outstanding danger zone, this part of the coal quantity to belong to the safety of coal. 34 the coal mining to capacity of 3410 working face of coal, 3410 face in a prominent threatened area, the prediction that the mining face though themeaning after having outstanding risk, the bedding long drilling the coal seam gas smoke to solveTable 2 Safety coal quantity composition of Qinan mine开采煤层10煤层71、72煤层32煤层采区101采区81采区82采区34采区工作面1011、1013714721、71223410工作面突出危险性非突出煤层突出危险区无突出危险区突出威胁区瓦斯治理措施预抽煤层瓦斯顺层长钻孔预抽煤层瓦斯安全煤量/万t50.35843.762总计/万t214.0Three quantity jing coal mine safety and quantity of coal and the relationship between a table 3. From the table can be seen, the safety of coal belongs to prepare quantity of coal part, back to the safety of coal mining quantity belong to part.Table 3 Relationship of “three coal reserves” and safety coal quantityCoal quantity10 coal seam71、72 coal seam32 coal seam开拓煤量101采区81、82、84采区31、34采区准备煤量1011、1013工作面721、7122、713、714工作面3410工作面安全煤量1011、1013工作面721、7122、714工作面3410工作面回采煤量1011工作面721工作面3410工作面4.4 the mine safety condition analysisFig.3 Over-level times of gas concentration of Qinan mine in 5 yearsCoal mine of jing through nearly three years to adjust, gas control to achieve the regional management measures, the management measures as local complementary comprehensive control strategy of the gas disasters, mine stope space layout and time, implementation the three ensemble a gun high (outstanding) low gas area and four lines alternate take over for gas disasters regionalization provides time and space security. The implementation of these measures of jing for coal mine safety formed enough of coal, coal mining relationship coordination, the mines safety conditions improve, nearly three years not mine accidents. Nearly five years of mine gas concentration overrun number see chart 3200 6 years production rawcoal 2.16 million t, mine gas concentration decreased frequency overrun to five.5 last wordAccording to the definition of coal safety of analysis, the safety of coal seam preparation includes the outstanding amount of coal seam coal, prominent no outstanding in areas of coal quantity, to highlight the threat area for forecasting though themeaning without outstanding dangerous coal quantity and highlight the danger zone to the regional gas control effect for no outstanding after inspection of the danger to the four parts of coal quantity. Safety of coal is to belong to the quantity of coal part, it is not to the three quantity the negative, but the three quantity the supplement and complete, the number of security coal quantity can not only ensure the smooth coal mining outstanding to succeed, but also can ensure the safety of the mine production efficiency. Safety of coal mine gas embodies the outstanding management to take a after the the basic principle, it is to create the outburst mines essence safety a important way. On the other hand, the safety of coal as an index, simple and clear, the execution to operation for coal mine safety supervision department in evaluation outstanding coal mining to replace situation offers a more intuitive indexThis paper only for safety of coal concept, with three quantity the relationship and engineering method three aspects carried on the discussion and the research, in order to make the safety of coal and coal and gas outburst mines for safety production and coal mine safety supervision work has a significance for future safety coal quantity and amount recoverable period safety coal to do further research.References1 The Peoples Republic of the national development and reform commission, coal gas control and utilization overall scheme (hair change energy 2005 no. 1137), on June 22, 20052National coal mine safety supervision. Coal mine safety technology specialists material assembly R. October 2005.3Coal industry. 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Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2004, 33(2): 127-131.10 Cheng Yuan-ping, Yu Qi-xiang, Yuan Liang. Experimental Research of Safe and Highly Efficient Exploitation of Coal and pressure relief gas in long distanceJ. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2004, 33(2): 132-136.中文译文煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全煤量研究及应用王海锋1 程远平1 俞启香1周宗勇2 周红星1 刘洪永1 （1.中国矿业大学 能源与安全工程学院，徐州 221008；2. 淮北矿业集团 祁南煤矿, 安徽 宿州 234115）摘要：本文针对我国煤与瓦斯突出矿井采掘接替紧张的现状和煤矿安全监察工作的需要，提出了煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全煤量概念。安全煤量属于准备煤量的一部分，它是指煤与瓦斯突出矿井准备煤量范围内已无突出危险的煤量，包括非突出煤层的准备煤量、突出煤层中无突出危险区的准备煤量、突出威胁区经检验性预测为无突出危险的准备煤量和突出危险区经区域性瓦斯治理后效果检验为无突出危险的准备煤量四个部分，安全煤量必须有足够的可采期。为确保回采安全，回采煤量必须是安全煤量。通过对淮北祁南煤矿“三量”和安全煤量的分析，得出祁南煤矿的安全煤量占到准备煤量的五分之四，为回采煤量的2.3倍，准备煤量、安全煤量和回采煤量可采期分别为16.6个月、13.3个月、5.9个月。矿井的实际生产情况证明，祁南煤矿安全煤量可以满足矿井的正常接替和安全生产需要。关键词：煤与瓦斯突出矿井；安全煤量；三量；区域性瓦斯治理；工程方法我国煤矿经过几十年的地下开采，开采水平逐渐向深部延伸。2004年，全国大中型煤矿平均开采深度456m，采深超过800m的有15处，超过1000m的煤矿有8处，全国煤矿开采以每年约1020m（最快近50m）的速度向深部延深1。随着矿井开采深度的增加，煤层瓦斯压力和瓦斯含量也在逐年增大，一些矿井由低瓦斯矿井逐渐转变为高瓦斯矿井或是煤与瓦斯突出矿井，我国已成为世界上煤与瓦斯突出灾害最严重的国家。根据2005年对45户重点监控国有煤矿企业进行的安全会诊结果，45户重点监控国有煤矿企业的415处矿井中高瓦斯及煤与瓦斯突出矿井234对、占56.4%，其中煤与瓦斯突出矿井142对、占34.22。为了避免煤矿采掘接替紧张，保持矿井的正常接替，1961年，煤炭工业部发布了关于矿井和露天矿井开拓煤量、准备煤量和回采煤量划分范围的规定（以下简称规定）3。随着矿井从非突出矿井向煤与瓦斯突出矿井的升级，国家在制定的为保证矿井顺利接替的“三量”规定已逐渐不能适应煤与瓦斯突出矿井接替的需要。许多煤与瓦斯突出矿井，在实际“三量”及“三量”可采期远大于规定值的情况下出现采掘接替紧张现象，主要原因是“三量”中的准备煤量和回采煤量有部分煤量具有突出危险性，需通过区域性瓦斯治理消除突出危险后才能进行采掘作业。瓦斯治理需要时间和空间，若矿井没有预留足够的瓦斯治理时间和空间就会导致接替紧张。许多煤矿企业也开始意识到这个问题，采取保护层开采或是预抽煤层瓦斯等区域性瓦斯治理措施治理煤层瓦斯，保证矿井的顺利接替和安全开采。目前煤与瓦斯突出矿井中的准备煤量和回采煤量已不能真实反映矿井的接替情况。因此，为了解决这个问题本文提出了安全煤量及安全煤量合理可采期两个概念。安全煤量是指煤与瓦斯突出矿井准备煤量范围内已无突出危险的那部分煤量，属于准备煤量的一部分。工作面回采必须保证安全，回采煤量属于安全煤量的一部分。为做到矿井“抽、掘、采”平衡，保证矿井的顺利接替和安全采掘，在抽采设计和工程安排上，要做好与煤炭生产组织的协调，使安全煤量与矿井“三量”相协调。准备煤量要建立在形成完善的瓦斯抽采系统或具备开采保护层条件的基础上，保证煤炭安全开采的正常接替。安全煤量要建立在煤层瓦斯经过充分抽采的基础上，达到煤矿瓦斯抽采基本指标要求、满足安全开采条件的基础上4。1 安全煤量的提出针对我国煤与瓦斯突出矿井采掘接替紧张的现状和煤矿安全监察工作的需要，提出了煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全煤量概念。安全煤量是指煤与瓦斯突出矿井准备煤量范围内已无突出危险的那部分煤量，采掘作业可直接在安全煤量内进行，安全煤量构成见图1。煤与瓦斯突出矿井一般包括突出煤层和非突出煤层，则准备煤量也相应包括突出煤层中的准备煤量和非突出煤层中的准备煤量。非突出煤层中的准备煤量没有突出危险，可以直接在准备煤量内进行采掘作业，这部分准备煤量属于安全煤量。突出煤层的准备煤量根据规定需要进行突出区域划分，将其划分为无突出危险区、突出威胁区和突出危险区。无突出危险区的煤量，没有突出危险，可以直接进行采掘作业，属于安全煤量。突出危险区的准备煤量有突出危险，需要采取区域性的瓦斯治理措施消除突出危险，经无突出危险评价和措施效果检验后认为已消除突出危险，便属于安全煤量。若经评价和措施效果检验后还具有突出危险性，则需进一步采取措施消除突出危险性，而后需要再次进行评价和效果检验，如果评价和检验通过则这部分煤量就为安全煤量，反之，需再采取措施进行治理，直到消除突出为止。对突出威胁区的煤量需要进行检验性预测，若预测无突出，则这部分煤量属于安全煤量，反正，突出威胁区就要升级为突出危险区，需要采取突出危险区的处理办法，将这部分煤量转变为安全煤量。安全煤量是煤与瓦斯突出矿井采掘接替顺利的必要保证，因此煤与瓦斯突出矿井必须准备充足的安全煤量。安全煤量的可采时间即为安全煤量可采期。安全煤量的合理可采期指的是煤与瓦斯突出矿井安全煤量可供开采的合理时间，安全煤量过少就会造成矿井采掘接替紧张。安全煤量的准备以保护层开采结合被保护层的卸压瓦斯抽采和预抽煤层瓦斯等区域性瓦斯治理技术为主，辅以“四位一体”等局部性瓦斯治理技术，保证安全煤量能够满足突出矿井采掘接替的需要。在开采煤层群时，优先采用保护层开采结合被保护层的卸压瓦斯抽采技术；在不具备开采保护层的情况下采用预抽煤层瓦斯治理技术。准备煤量区域划分突出危险区无突出危险区区域性瓦斯治理措施瓦斯治理措施检验性预测否是安全煤量已无突出危险评价及措施效果检验图1 安全煤量构成Fig.1 Safety coal quantity composition突出煤层煤量非突出煤层煤量突出威胁区突出威胁区突出危险区2 安全煤量与“三量”的关系回采煤量图2 安全煤量与“三量”的关系Fig.2 The relation between safety coal quantity and “three coal reserves”准备煤量开拓煤量安全煤量规定是在1961年颁布的，当时的矿井开采深度较浅，煤与瓦斯突出矿井少，突出煤层少，煤层的突出危险性小，回采巷道大都可直接在准备煤量中掘进。但是随着矿井向突出矿井的升级，开采煤层由非突出煤层转变为突出煤层，准备煤量中包含了部分具有突出危险的煤量，这样就对回采煤量的准备造成一定影响。突出矿井开拓煤量、准备煤量和回采煤量与安全煤量的关系见图2。根据安全煤量的定义，安全煤量属于准备煤量的一部分，是准备煤量内无突出危险性的那部分煤量。在采区内掘进出必要的巷道，如采区上、下山、采区车场等，矿井的准备煤量即可形成4。在一定时期内安全煤量只占准备煤量的一部分。安全煤量包括四个部分：1）非突出煤层中的准备煤量；2）突出煤层中无突出危险区的准备煤量；3）突出威胁区经检验性预测为无突出危险的准备煤量；4）突出危险区经区域性瓦斯治理后效果检验为无突出危险的准备煤量。这样在安全煤量内掘进巷道形成的回采煤量即为煤与瓦斯突出矿井可供安全开采的煤量，回采煤量属于安全煤量的一部分。3 安全煤量的工程方法为了保证矿井顺利接替和安全开采，必须遵循“先抽后采”的瓦斯治理原则，对具有突出危险的准备煤量必须采取区域性瓦斯治理措施抽采煤层瓦斯，降低煤层瓦斯含量和压力，使准备煤量达到煤矿瓦斯抽采基本指标规定要求。目前常用的区域性瓦斯治理措施包括保护层开采结合被保护层卸压瓦斯抽采和预抽煤层瓦斯技术两种5,6,7。为保证矿井的安全煤量，矿井必须提前35年制定瓦斯抽采规划，每年年底前编制下年度的抽采瓦斯计划，做到“抽、掘、采”平衡，以确保抽采瓦斯工作面的正常衔接 8。3.1 保护层开采结合被保护煤层的卸压瓦斯抽采技术在煤层群开采条件下，优先选择保护层开采及被保护层卸压瓦斯抽采技术。当保护层开采过后，被保护层发生膨胀变形，产生裂隙，煤层透气性增大，形成瓦斯卸压流动条件，同时采用穿层钻孔或是地面钻井等方法抽采被保护层的卸压瓦斯，将高瓦斯突出危险区域转变为低瓦斯无突出危险区域，实现突出危险煤层向安全煤量的转变。淮南潘一矿开采B11煤层作为保护层，保护层开采的同时抽采被保护层C13煤层的卸压瓦斯，C13煤层瓦斯抽采率达60以上，降低了煤层瓦斯含量，全面消除了C13煤层的煤与瓦斯突出危险性，实现了矿井的顺利接替和主采煤层的安全高效回采9,10。3.2 预抽煤层瓦斯技术在单一煤层开采的条件下，采用钻孔预抽煤层瓦斯技术降低煤层瓦斯含量，消除煤层的突出危险性，将突出危险煤层转变为安全煤量。根据钻孔的布置方式不同，预抽煤层瓦斯技术主要采用以下三种方式。第一种是全部采用底板穿层钻孔大面积预抽瓦斯，待消除工作面煤体突出危险后，再进行巷道掘进和回采工作面，淮北芦岭煤矿二水平8煤层瓦斯治理就采用该方式。第二种方式是采用底板穿层钻孔预抽煤巷掘进区域瓦斯，掩护煤巷安全掘进后，再从煤巷中施工顺层钻孔抽采工作面煤体瓦斯，进而保证工作面的安全开采，淮北祁南煤矿81采区72煤层的瓦斯治理采用该方式。第三种为下向顺层长钻孔递进掩护区域性瓦斯抽采方式，该方式适用于地质构造简单、赋存稳定、倾角小、硬度大的煤层，其在淮北祁南煤矿32煤层中应用效果较好。4 工程实例分析4.1 矿井概况淮北祁南煤矿为煤与瓦斯突出矿井，主采煤层为32、72和10煤层，其中32和72煤层为突出煤层，10煤层为非突出煤层。截止2006年12月底，矿井包括101、81、82和34四个活动采区，一个准备采区（84采区），一个开拓采区（31采区）。经突出区域划分，对于32煤层，露头-550m为无突出危险区，-550-650m为突出威胁区，-650m以下为突出危险区；对于72煤层，露头-435m为无突出危险区，-435-460m为突出威胁区，-460m以下为突出危险区。4.2 “三量”统计分析截止
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