USGAAP和IFRS的关系差别.ppt

USGAAP IFRSREPORTINGCONSIDERATIONS 2 MAINREMAININGDIFFERENCESBETWEENUSGAAPANDIFRS ConsolidatedfinancialstatementsBusinesscombinationsInventoriesProperty planandequipmentIntangiblesassets ImpairmentofassetsRevenuerecognitionDeferredtaxesFirsttimeadoption IAS27 Consolidationfinancialstatements US GAAP IFRS Entityinwhichparenthasacontrollingfinancialinterest usuallyownershipofmajorityofvotingshares unlesscontroldoesnotrestwiththemajorityowner Definitionofasubsidiary Entityinwhichparenthascontrol powertogovernfinancialandoperatingpoliciesoftheentitysoastoobtainbenefitsfromitsactivities controlispresumedwhenparentownsmorethanhalfofthevotingpowerControlalsoexistswhentheparentownshalfforlessofthevotingpower andhas powerovermorethanhalfofthevotingrights byvirtueofanagreement powertogovernpoliciesunderstatuteoragreement Powertoappointorremovemajorityofthemembersoftheboard US GAAP IAS31 Investmentsinajointventure US GAAP IFRS Presentationofajointlycontrolledentity Requiresequitymethod Requireseithertheproportionateconsolidationortheequitymethod SIC12 Consolidation Specialpurposeentities Variableinterestentity LackofsufficientequityinvestmentTheholdersoftheequityinvestmentatrisklack Control Obligationtoabsorbexpectedlosses RighttoreceiveresidualreturnsVoting economicsignificantlydisproportioned andsubstantiallyallactivitiesinvolvesorareconductedonbehalfofaninvestorwithfewvotingrights Specialpurposeentity CreatedforanarrowandwelldefinedobjectiveVariouslegalform maybeunincorporated Legalarrangementsoftenlimitdecisionmakingpowers e gautopilot Disproportionbetweeneconomicandvotingrights Scope Definitions SIC12 Consolidation Specialpurposeentities Thepreliminarybeneficiary theentityWhoabsorbsthemajorityofexpectedlossesoftheVIE orWhoreceivesthemajorityoftheexpectedresidualreturnsoftheVIE orBoth ShouldconsolidatetheVIE ThefollowingcircumstancesmayindicatecontrolofanSPE TheactivitiesoftheSPEareinsubstancebeingconductedonbehalfoftheentity Insubstance theentityhasthedecisionmakingpowerstoobtainthemajorityofthebenefitsInsubstance theentityhasrightstoobtainthemajorityofthebenefitsoftheSPEandthereforemaybeexposedtorisksincidenttoitsactivity Consolidationcriteria ExpectedoutcomeAnSPEconsolidatedunderSIC12wouldmostlikelybealsoconsolidatedunderFin46AVIEconsolidatedunderFin46wouldnotnecessarilybeconsolidatedunderSIC 12 e g iftheVIEisnotaSPE AnyreconciliationbetweenSIC12andFin46requiresspecialattention SIC12 Consolidation Specialpurposeentities IFRS3 Businesscombinations US GAAP IFRS Sharesissuedasconsiderationarerecordedattheirestimatedmarketpriceoverareasonableperiodbeforeandafterthedatetheacquisitiontermsareagreedtoandannounced Sharesissuedasconsideration Sharesissuedasconsiderationarerecordedattheirfairvalueasatthedateofexchange Costofacquisition contingentconsideration Generallytheadditionalcostisnotrecognizeduntilthecontingencyisresolvedortheamountisdeterminable Additionalcostincludeincostofacquisitionatacquisitiondateifadjustmentisprobableandcanbemeasuredreliably Usuallymeasuredatshareofhistoricalcostofnetidentifiableassets Measuredatminority sproportionofthefairvalueofnetidentifiableassets Minorityinterestsatacquisition IFRS3 Businesscombinations US GAAP IFRS Inprocessresearchanddevelopment Acquiredinprocessresearchanddevelopmentmustbeexpensedimmediately Acquiredinprocessresearchanddevelopmentisrecognizedasaseparateintangibleassetifitsfairvaluecanbemeasuredreliably Negativegoodwill Anynegativegoodwillmustbeallocatedasaproratareductionofallassetsacquiredotherthancurrentassets financialsassets assetsheldforsale prepaidassetsrelatedtopensionsanddeferredtaxassetsAnyexcessisrecognizedimmediatelyinprofit Afterreassessmentofthecostofanacquisitionandofidentifiableassets liabilitiesandcontingentliabilities anyremainingnegativegoodwillisrecognizedimmediatelyinprofit IAS2 Inventories US GAAP IFRS LowerofcostormarketMarketmeanscurrentreplacementscostexceptthat Marketshallnotexceednetrealizablevalue samedefinitionasIFRS Marketshallnotbelessthannetrealizablevaluereducedbyanallowanceforanormalprofitmargin Inventoryvaluation LowerofcostornetrealizablevalueNetrealizablevalueistheestimatedsellingpriceintheordinarycourseofbusinesslesstheestimatedcostsofcompletionandtheestimatedcostsnecessarytomakethesale UseofLIFOpermitted UseofLIFOprohibited Cost IAS2 Inventories US GAAP IFRS Impairment Reversalofwrite downsprohibited Reversalofwritedownsrequiredforsubsequentincreasesinnetrealisablevalue Biologicalassets Generallymeasuredathistoricalcost Measuredatfairvaluelesspointofsalecosts IAS16 Property PlantandEquipment Generalrequirementtousehistoricalcost Mayuseeitherrevaluedamountorhistoricalcost US GAAP IFRS BasisofPP E Mandatory Optional Mandatory RequiredunderAICPAproposedStatementofpositionwhichhasnotbeenissued SECfavorsthisapproach Componentaccounting Capitalizationofborrowingcosts IAS16 Property PlantandEquipment US GAAP IFRS FASBhasissuedexposuredraftproposingIFRSapproach Recognitionofgainorlossifthetransactionhas commercialsubstance Gainsandlossesonexchangesofsimilarnon currentassets Majorinspectionorover haulcosts Generallyexpensed Generallyaccountedforaspartofthecostofanasset Nogainorlossrecognized IAS16 Property PlantandEquipment US GAAP IFRS Achangeindepreciationmethodistreatedasachangeinaccountingestimate Changeindepreciationmethod Hedgegains Losses Hedgegains lossesonqualifyingcashflowhedgesarenotincludedinthecostoftheasset Fairvaluegains lossesonqualifyingcashflowhedgesrelatingtothepurchaseofPPEinaforeigncurrencyareincludedinthecostoftheasset Achangeinthedepreciationmethodforpreviouslyrecordedassetsistreatedasachangeinaccountingprinciple FASBhasissuedexposuredraftproposingIFRSapproach IAS17 Leases US GAAP IFRS Leasesinvolvinglandandbuildings Ifthefairvalueofthelandislessthan25percentandneitheratransferofownershipbytheendofleasetermnorabargainpurchaseoptionexistlandandbuildingareconsideredasasingleunit Foraleaseoflandandbuildingsinwhichtheamountthatwouldinitiallyberecognizedforthelandelementisimmaterial thelandandbuildingsmaybetreatedasasingleunit Thereisnothresholdforthiscriteria butaccordingtoEYpolicycommitteesingleunittreatementshouldbeappliediflandislessthan10percent Gainisamortizedovertheleaseterm Gainisrecognizedimmediately Gainonsaleandoperatingleasebacktransaction IAS38 Intangiblesofassets US GAAP IFRS Internallygeneratedintangiblesassets Allresearchanddevelopmentcostsexpensedexceptsomesoftwareandwebsitedevelopmentcostswhichmustbecapitalized Researchcostsareexpensed Developmentscostsarecapitalisedifcertaincriteriaaremet IAS36 Impairmentofassets US GAAP IFRS Impairmentmodels UnderUSGAAPthreeimpairmentmodels Onemodelforgoodwill FAS142 Onemodelforintangibleswithindefiniteusefullives FAS142 and Onemodelapplicabletootherlonglivedassets FAS144 UnderIFRS asingleimpairmentmodelappliesto GoodwillIntangibleswithindefiniteandfiniteusefullives andproperty plantandequipment IAS36 Impairmentofassets Asset scarryingamountexceedstheexpectedfuturecashflowsfromtheassetonanundiscountedbasis Asset scarryingamountexceedstherecoverableamountwhichisthehigheroftheasset svalue in use discountedpresentvalueoftheasset sexpectedfuturecashflows andfairvaluelesscoststosell US GAAP IFRS RecoverabilityTestforLongLivedAssetstobeheldandused Basedonfairvalue Basedontherecoverableamount Measurementbasisforimpairmentloss IAS36 Impairmentofassets FAS144encouragestheuseofprobability weightedcashflowestimationforthecomputationofbothrecoverabilityandfairvalueIfprobability weightedcashflowestimationused discountrateshouldbeariskfreerate Whenestimatingvalueinuse ExpectationsaboutpossiblevariationsintheamountortimingoffuturecashflowsPriceforbearingtheuncertaintyinherentintheasset andOtherfactorssuchasilliquidityCanbereflectedeitherasadjustmentstotheexpectedfuturecashflowsorasadjustmenttothediscountrate US GAAP IFRS Useofexpectedfuturecashflows discountrate IAS36 Impairmentofassets Recoverabilitytest incometaxesmaybeincludedincashflowestimatesFairvalue incometaxesmaybeincludedincashflowestimatesbutdiscountrateshouldbeconsistent Whenestimatingvalueinuse Estimationsoffuturecashflowsshouldbepre taxDiscountsrateisapretaxrate US GAAP IFRS Useofexpectedfuturecashflows Tax IAS36 Impairmentofassets Recoverability Entity sownassumptionsFairvalue assumptionsthatmarketplaceparticipantswoulduseintheirestimateofthefairvalue Whenestimatingvalueinuse estimatesoffuturecashflowsshouldnotinclude cashinflowsandoutflowsexpectedfromafuturerestructuringtowhichtheentityisnotyetcommitted US GAAP IFRS Useofexpectedfuturecashflows futurerestructuring IAS36 Impairmentofassets Assetgroup along livedassetshouldbegroupedwithotherassetsandliabilitiesatthelowestlevelforwhichidentifiablecashflowarelargelyindependentofthecashflowsofotherassetsandliabilities Recoverableamountisdeterminedforanindividualasset unlesstheassetdoesnotgeneratecashflowsthatarelargelyindependentofthosefromotherassetsorgroupofassets IfthisisthecaserecoverableamountisdeterminedfortheCGUtowhichtheassetbelongs CashGeneratingUnit CGU smallestidentifiablegroupofassetsthatgeneratescashinflowsthatarelargelyindependentofthecashinflowsfromotherassetsorgroupassets US GAAP IFRS Groupingoflonglivedassets IAS36 Impairmentofassets Indefinite lifeassetsaretestedseparatelybycomparingtheircarryingamountwiththeirfairvalue Indefinite lifeassetsaretestedseparatelyorincludedinaCGUwhichistestedforimpairment US GAAP IFRS Impairmentforintangibleswithindefinitelives IAS36 Impairmentofassets Reportingunit eitheraoperatingsegment oroneorganizationallevelbelowifdiscretefinancialinformationisavailable Cashgeneratingunit CGU orgroupofCGUsthatrepresentthelowestlevelatwhichgoodwillismonitoredforinternalmanagementpurposes butnotlargerthanabusinessorgeographicalsegment US GAAP IFRS Levelofimpairmenttestingforgoodwill IAS36 Impairmentofassets 1 Comparefairvalueofreportingunitwithitscarryingamountincludinggoodwill Iffairvalueisgreater noimpairment 2 Compareimpliedfairvalueofgoodwillwithcarryingamount Impliedfairvalueofgoodwillisobtainedbydeductingthefairvaluesofallthereportingunit sassetsandliabilitiesfromthefairvalueofthereportingunit purchaseaccountingofthereportingunit ComparecarryingamounttotherecoverableamountofaCGU whichisthehigherofthevalue in useandthefairvaluelesscoststosell Allocatetheimpairmenttogoodwillfirstandanyremainingimpairmenttootherassetsoftheunitonaproratabasis US GAAP IFRS Calculationofgoodwillimpairment IAS36 Impairmentofassets Subsequentreversalisprohibited Subsequentreversalisrequired ifcertaincriteriaaremet Noreversalofimpairmentsofgoodwill US GAAP IFRS Subsequentreversalofimpairmentloss IAS18 Revenue US GAAP IFRS Extensivedetailedguidanceexistsforspecifictransactionsandindustrypractices Basedontwocriteria revenueisrecognizedwhenrisksandrewardshavebeentransferredanditcanbemeasuredreliably Constructioncontracts Percentageofcompletionmethod howevercompletedcontractmethodpermittedinrarecircumstances Percentageofcompletionmethod Completedcontractmethodprohibited Basedontwogeneralconcepts revenueisrecognizedwhenitisrealizedorrealizableandwhenitisearned Revenuerecognition IAS18 Revenue Amortizationovertheexpectedcustomerserviceperiod Directincrementalcostsaresimilarlydeferred Ifup frontfeeisinexchangeforproductdeliveredorservicesperformed andtherefore substantialrisksandrewardshavebeentransferredtothebuyerinaseparatetransaction revenueisrecognizedoncompletionofup frontservices Otherwiseamortizationoverexpectedcustomerserviceperiod US GAAP IFRS Up frontnon refundablefees IAS12 Incometaxes Noinitialrecognitionexemption Initialrecognitionofanassetorliabilityinatransactionthatisnotabusinesscombinationandaffectsneitheraccountingprofitortaxableprofitatthetimeofthetransaction US GAAP IFRS Exceptionstothegeneralapproach IAS12 Incometaxes Useenactedtaxrate Useenactedor substantiallyenacted i e virtuallycertain taxrate US GAAP IFRS Taxrateformeasuringdeferredtaxassetsandliabilities Mustusetaxr