非谓语动词学案教师.doc

非谓语动词学案（不定式1）目的：1. 复习动词不定式和动名词的构成及在句子中的功能。 2. 熟练运用动词不定式和动名词的各种形式。一 动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的构成 (以make为例)语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式to maketo be made进行式to be making/完成式to have madeto have been made 动词不定式的否定式只要把not放在to的前面。 动词不定式后可以有自己的宾语或被状语修饰，构成动词不定式短语。2. 动词不定式的功能英语的句子成分有七种，即：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补足语，表语。动词不定式除去不能单独作谓语以外，其他六种成分均可充当。To see is to believe. (主语、表语)He decided to study hard. (宾语)Will you attend the meeting to be held tomorrow? (定语)Doctors advised him to stop smoking. (宾语补足语)Bell is considered to have invented the telephone. (主语补足语)在感官动词和使役动词后作补足语的不定式，主动语态中to省略。_考点:1.不定式的时态和语态；2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；3.不定式的省略；4.不定式的否定形式；_二 动名词 1. 动名词的构成 (以make为例)语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式making being made完成式having madehaving been made 动名词的否定式只要把not放在动名词的前面。 动名词后可以有自己的宾语或被状语修饰，构成动名词短语。2. 动名词的功能：主语，宾语，定语，表语。 Seeing is believing. (主语、表语) We should practice reading English every day. (宾语) Theres a swimming pool and two dining halls in our schools. (定语)Being examined every two years is a rule for every driver. (主语)3. 动名词的逻辑主语：在通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：The prisoner escaped without being seen. (being seen 的逻辑主语是the prisoner)After standing in the queue for hours, we got good seats. （standing 的逻辑主语是we） Im afraid of waking the baby. (waking 的逻辑主语是I) 在很多情况下，动名词所表示的是一个泛指的概念，没有具体的动作执行者。如：No parking here.Mastering a foreign language is no easy job. Its no use crying over spilt milk. 动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语以所有格的形式放在动名词的前面，则构成动名词的复合结构。位于句首作主语的动名词复合结构中必须用所有格；位于句中的动名词复合结构中也可以用宾格（普通格）；当动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词或无生命的名词时，只能用宾格 (普通格)，不能用所有格。如： My smoking here annoyed them. (my 不能换成me) Johns laughing made his father angry. (Johns 不能换成John) We were angry about his / him being absent from the meeting. My baby was awakened by someone knocking at the door. (someone是不定代词，不能用所有格 ) There is no hope of the stolen wallet being found. (wallet 是无生命的名词，不能用所有格)4. 动名词的被动语态：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作承受者时，该动名词要用被动语态。只有及物动词或 “不及物动词+介词” 构成的动名词短语才有被动语态。如： I dont like being disturbed when Im reading. The doctor insisted on the patients being operated on at once. We congratulated him on his being admitted to Nanjing University.5. 动名词的完成式：当动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前时，动名词用完成式。如： She regretted having missed the film. The student was praised for having saved a boy. I have forgotten having been asked to come early.6. 动名词的主动形式表示被动意义：在动词need, want, require, deserve和形容词worth后面的动名词通常以主动语态的形式出现，但表示的却是被动意义。 The old woman needs taking good care of. Your hair wants cutting. The naughty boy deserves beating. The film is worth seeing.（动词不定式和动名词专练）1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed2. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. A. to findB. findC. to be findingD. finding3. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. A. to welcomeB. welcomingC. to be welcomedD. welcomed4. It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your own. A. introducesB. to introduceC. introducingD. introduced5. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. A. livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived6. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. A. CompletingB. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete7. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted8. The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possible. A. to be sentB. to sendC. being sentD. sending9. - They are quiet, arent they?- Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals. A. to talkB. to no talkC. to talkingD. to not talking10. He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion.A. to have B. having C. have D. had11. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.A. breaking B. having brokenC. to breakD. To have broken12. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 13. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present14. Withtheworldchangingfast, wehavesomethingnew _ withallbyourselveseveryday. A. dealB. dealt C. todealD. dealing 15. , you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner 16. - Its a long time since I saw my sister. - _ her this weekend? A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit17. - The last one _ pays the meal. - Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving18. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close19. - Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?- Just a minute. Ill have Bob _ you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing20. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuadedB. persuading C. to be persuadedD. to persuade21. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking22. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard23. Leonardo da Vinci _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A. is to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought 24. - Robert is indeed a wise man.- Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking25. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained26. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _. A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair27. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept 28. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 29. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 30. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports star. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 31. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. getsB. gotC. to getD. getting32. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving33. _ more about university courses, dial (920)746-3789. A. To find outB. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found out34. I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treatB. you to treatC. why treatD. you treating35. The company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. A. producingB. to produceC. having producedD. produced1-5 BACCA 6-10 DBADA 11-15 DADCB 16-20 ACCAD21-25 DABDD 26-30 ACDBC 31-35 DCADB高三英语学案（现在分词和过去分词）目的：1. 复习现在分词和过去分词的构成及在句子中的功能。 2. 熟练运用现在分词和过去分词。一 现在分词 1. 现在分词的构成 (以make为例)语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式making being made完成式having madehaving been made 现在分词的否定式：not 放在V-ing的前面。 现在分词的后面可以跟宾语或被状语修饰，构成现在分词短语。2. 现在分词的功能：表语、定语、补足语、和状语。 The news is exciting. (表语) Be quiet! Dont wake up the sleeping baby. (定语) I heard him singing a beautiful song when I passed his room. (宾语补足语) If a student is caught cheating in the examination, he will be dismissed. (主语补足语) Not having received his answer, we decided to email him again. (状语)3. 现在分词的逻辑主语：作表语和状语时，逻辑主语就是句子的主语；作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语就是它前面的宾语；作主语补足语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。如： The book is moving. (moving 作表语，其逻辑主语是the book) Hearing the good news, we all sprang to our feet. (hearing 作状语，其逻辑主语是we) We heard her singing in the bedroom. (singing 作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是her) She was heard singing in the bedroom. (singing作主语补足语，其逻辑主语是she) Dont read in a moving bus. (moving作定语，其逻辑主语是bus) 4. 现在分词的被动语态：逻辑主语是现在分词所表示的动作承受者时，用分词的被动式。如： The house being built now will be completed next week. (定语，与名词house之间为被动关系) Having been beaten many times by his father, the boy ran away. (状语，与主语the boy之间为被动关系) Its my first time to hear this song being sung in Chinese. (宾语补足语，与宾语之间为被动关系) He asked me what was being done in the hall. (表语，与主语what之间为被动关系)5. 现在分词的完成式：现在分词一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动作几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动作之前发生。如： Doing my homework, I met with a lot of difficult problems. (do和met同时) Having been asked to come early, they got up at five this morning. (ask 在got up之前)6. 现在分词的独立主格结构：现在分词的前面拥有自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语用名词或人称代词的主格形式。这种结构对于句子本身来说，具有相对的独立性。它们往往用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件或伴随动作等。 Spring coming on, the trees turn green. = When spring _ on, the trees turn green. All the guests having left, we had a short rest. = After all the guests _ left, we had a short rest.二、过去分词 1. 过去分词的构成：过去分词只有一般式，即在规则动词原形后加-ed 构成，不规则动词有其各自的变化形式。及物动词的过去分词具有被动完成意义，不及物动词的过去分词只有完成意义。 过去分词的否定式：not 放在过去分词的前面。 过去分词的后面可以跟宾语或被状语修饰，从而构成过去分词短语。2. 过去分词的功能：表语、定语、补足语、和状语。We felt shocked at the news. (表语)Retired workers in our country are taken good care of. (定语)He often get his eyes examined. (宾语补足语)A card was found pinned to my door, reading “Contact 139 if you need gas.” (主语补足语)Supported by his son, the old man got off the bus. (状语)3. 过去分词的逻辑主语：作表语和状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语就是它前面的宾语；作主语补足语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。如： We were excited at the news. (作表语，其逻辑主语是we) Helped by the teachers, we have made a lot of progress in our studies. (作状语，其逻辑主语是we) He tried his best to make himself understood. (作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是himself) The man was founded murdered. (作主语补足语，其逻辑主语是the man) The students wrote on the blackboard all the new words learned in the last period. (作定语，其逻辑主语是the new words)4. 过去分词的独立主格结构：过去分词的前面有自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语用名词或人称代词的主格形式。这种结构对于句子本身来说，具有相对的独立性。它们往往用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件或伴随动作等。The work finished, they had ten days leave. = After the work _ _, they . All things considered, it is better for Mary to take the position. = If all things _ _, it is better for Mary to take the position. The problems solved, we dismissed the meeting. = Because the problems _ _, we . 这个结构有时还可以在逻辑主语前面用介词with。如： She felt nervous, with so many eyes fixed on her. With her face buried in her arms, she sobbed her heart out.u 非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。（现在分词和过去分词专练）1. _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown2. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down3. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. A. findingB. being foundC. to findD. found4. _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized5. _ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A. WaitingB. To waitC. Having waitedD. To have waited6. We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the results of the experiment. A. waitB. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting7. _ around the Water Cubic, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show8. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak9. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed10. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it. A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried11. Ideally _ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. A. locatingB. being locatedC. having been locatedD. located12. _and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. To be tired B. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired13. Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. A. AttendB. To attendC. AttendingD. Having attended14. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow15. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tiredB. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 16. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wonderingC. lived; wondered D. living; wondered 17. _ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 18. _ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouraged B. EncouragingC. Encouraged D. Having encouraged19. When we visited my old family home, memory came _ back A. flooding B. to flood C. flood. D. flooded 20. _ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grew into the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 21. The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 22. She set out soon after dark, _ home an hour later. A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrives23. _ the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. A. Our having read B. While reading C. If reading D. When you read24. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave25. When I got back home I saw a message