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【PLC类】3吨蒸汽锤改造为电液锤设计【开题+翻译】【3张图纸】【优秀】

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【PLC类】3吨蒸汽锤改造为电液锤设计【开题+翻译】【3张图纸】【优秀】.rar

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关键词：: 3吨蒸汽锤改造电液锤设计开题翻译图纸 PLC

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3吨蒸汽锤改造为电液锤设计

39页 19000字数+说明书+外文翻译+开题报告+3张CAD图纸【详情如下】

3吨蒸汽锤改造为电液锤设计开题报告.doc

3吨蒸汽锤改造为电液锤设计说明书.doc

分布图.dwg

外文翻译--新型指纹识别传感器的应用分析.doc

电液锤接线图.dwg

程序图.dwg

3吨蒸汽锤改造为电液锤设计.gif

QQ截图20140109201459.gif

程序图.gif

电液锤接线图.gif

分布图.gif

目　　录

摘要I

AbstractII

第1章改造的目的与背景1

1.1 改造的目的1

1.2 改造的背景1

第2章电气改造的总体设计3

2.1 总体设计思想3

2.1.1 设计目标、研究内容和拟解决的关键问题3

2.1.2 设计方案3

第3章三相异步电动机及低压电器的选择4

3.1 三相异步电动机的选择4

3.2 低压电器的选择4

3.2.1 低压断路器的选择5

3.2.3 接触器的选择8

3.2.4 热继电器的选择10

3.2.5 其它低压电器的选择10

3.2.6 电缆的选择12

第4章可编程控制器的选择与应用13

4.1 可编程控制器概述13

4.1.1 PLC的产生13

4.1.2 PLC的定义14

4.1.3 PLC的优点15

4.1.4 PLC的应用领域16

4.2 西门子S7-200系列PLC17

4.2.1 S7-200PLC概述17

4.3 S7-200PLC的使用19

4.3.1 电液锤控制要求19

4.3.2 S7-200主要技术参数19

4.3.3 中间继电器的使用24

第5章经济效益分析25

结论26

致谢27

参考文献28

附录129

附录235

摘要

自由锻锤是利用冲击能量使金属产生塑性变形的锻压设备。由于其具有操作方便、功能性强、结构简单、造价低廉、打击能量大等特点，目前仍是我国锻造行业中锻件生产的主要加工设备。蒸汽锤是工厂中常见的一种锻锤，它是以蒸汽或压缩空气作为动力源，实现其锻造功能。但其能源利用率低，况且蒸汽锅炉能源消耗大，热效率低，环境污染严重，故障率高，属于淘汰设备。根据我国国情，将其改造为电液锤是最适宜的一种方法。改造可保留原有机架、砧座及其它基础设施，只需将原蒸汽锤气缸去掉，更换上电液锤驱动头即可。本设计主要进行了电液锤电气部分的设计，即根据3T电液锤的工作原理和控制要求，利用西门子S7-200系列PLC为主控元件进行并实现了控制系统的软硬件设计。该系统工作可靠，使用方便，操作简单，功能齐全。

关键词：电液锤控制系统 PLC

Abstract

The forging hammer is causes the metal using the impact energy to produce the plastic deformation forging and stamping equipment. Because it has the ease of operation, the functionality strongly, the structure simple, the construction costinexpensive, the attack energy big and so on the characteristics, at present still forged the main processing equipment for our country which in the profession the forging produced. The steam hammer is in the factory the common one kind of forging hammer, it is takes the power supply by the steam or the compressed air, realizes its forging function. But its energy consumes in a big way, the thermal efficiency is low, the environmental pollution is serious, the failure rate is high, belongs eliminates the equipment. According to our country national condition, its transformation for the electricity liquid hammer is the most appropriate one method. The transformation may retain the original rack, the anvil and other infrastructure, only must remove the original steam hammer air cylinder, exchanges the electricity liquid hammer to drive to initiate then. This article mainly introduced the electricity liquid hammer electricity part design, namely 3T electricity liquid hammer principle of work and control request. Elaborated west of family household PLC is the master control part control system software and hardware design realizes and applies, this system work is reliable, the easy to operate, the operation is simple, the function is complete.

KeyWords：ele-hydraulichammer controlsystem PLC

内容简介：: 4050字数外文翻译New fingerprint identification sensor applications analysis Abdtract Fingerprint recognition technology as a sophisticated identification methods have been widely used in various industries. The core components of the technology used for sensors, the paper introduced fingerprint recognition technology sensors in the application. Keywords Fingerprint identification Sensors Applications Contact type the sensor with delimits the scratching sensor is two kind of new solid states fingerprints sensor, all is through in touches in the process the electric capacity change to carry on information gathering. This article has carried on the multianalysis to two kind of sensors principles of work and the characteristic, and the introduction in the Internet safe authentication, the automobile does not have the key to enter the system and so on the application. At present in the market has two kind of solid states fingerprints sensor: The first kind is the single time of touching sensor, requests the finger to carry on reliable touching in the fingerprint gathering area; The second kind then needs to use the finger to scratch in the sensor surface, the sensor can gather set of specific data, then carries on the fast analysis and the authentication. These two kind of fingerprints sensor will obtain the more and more widespread application. The above two kind of sensors principle of work is: When in the fingerprint bulge partially puts in on the electric capacity picture element electrode, the electric capacity can have the increase, increases the electric capacity through the examination to carry on the data acquisition. In the sensor picture picture element is 45 squares microns, the gap is 50 microns, the electric capacity picture element array resolution is higher than 500dpi slightly. This kind of sensor based on one kind of standard list - polycrystalline silicon three metals CMOS craft, and uses 0.5 microns craft to carry on the design. The metal interlocks the third constitution electric capacity picture element level, is made and is covering nitrided silicon by the titanium nitrides, thickness is only 7,000 Emmy. This kind of rigid metal electrode with anti- rubs extremely solid spreads the sensor which the coating combination forms to be durable, the service life may amount to very many years. 1.Fingerprint examination Humanitys fingerprint by the close neighboring concave-convex trace constitution, through lights the use standard reference discharging current to each picture element, then may examine to the fingerprint trace condition. Each picture element in advance charges first to some reference voltage, then by reference electric current electric discharge. On under the electric capacity anode the voltage change rate if on electric capacity becomes the proportional relationship: Iref=Cdv/DIs in the fingerprint under the bulge picture element (electric capacity high) to discharge slowly, but is in the fingerprint under the depression picture element (electric capacity to be low) discharges quickly. This kind of different discharge ratio may maintain (S/ through the samplingH) the electric circuit examines and transforms 8 outputs, this examination method has the high sensitivity to the fingerprint bulge and the indentation, and may form the extremely good primitive fingerprint image. Process shows which through chart 1, uses the complex software algorithm to be possible to carry on the fingerprint recognition. This kind of software gathering primitive fingerprint image, and withdraws the pictorial information digitization detail template, then carries on the test, determined withdraws whether the detail template does tally with the reference template. 2.Compared with process Contact type the sensor with delimits the scratching sensor the size and the cost is all dissimilar. The contact pilot is big, usual effective contact face for 1515mm, but rapidly gathers the biggest fingerprint or the thumb fingerprint. This kind of sensor is easy to use, and may the entire fingerprint image by 500dpi (automatic fingerprint recognition standard) the precision carries on the speedy transmission. At present these sensors have completed the design, and uses in the US government apparatus and the police station carries on the fingerprint recognition. Near future also gradually will use in automobile Shan Chushi not having the key to enter the system, as well as in emerging national security application. This kind of sensor 300 (line) the miniature metal electrode is composed by 256 (row), each row connects to pair of S/On H electric circuit. Fingerprint image succession by a line of gathering, each metal electrode takes the electric capacity extremely, with it contact finger then is electric capacity another extremely. Has a deactivated level in the component surface, takes two electric capacities interelectrodes the dielectric sheet. Puts in on the sensor when the finger, in the fingerprint bulge and the indentation can have the different capacitance value in the array, and the constitution uses in an entire image which authenticates. Delimits the scratching sensor is one kind of new fingerprint gathering component, the request user has delimited the finger on the component. Delimits the scratching sensor the merit is the size small (for example Fujitsus MBF300 size only is 3.613.3 mm2) and the cost is low. These components mainly use in the mobile equipment inserting the type safe recognition application, like handset and PDA. The precise image reconstruction software by approaches 2,000/A second speed fast gathers many images from the sensor, and organizes each frame data detail to together. 3.Information and authentication The portable low cost fingerprint recognition technology is without a doubt profound to our life significance. For example, the next police might succeed in the imperial civil service examinations the area in a crime to intercept a suspect, will request it to provide the fingerprint but is not the ID card or the automobile driving license. This person then his/her right hand first, two or the third finger puts in with the wireless PDA connected sensor on, might rapidly carries on the suspect and the before crime recording the contrast confirmation. This kind of recognition technology regarding the handset user which robs is also had the advantage. Handset when requests the user through a fast authentication process, the user to delimit his/her finger the sensor, if through authentication then is authorized uses the handset each function. If is authorized the user, the handset then continues to maintain locks in. If several authentication is unable to pass continuously, then in the hand opportunity deletion memory essential information then . In in pronunciation mail application, after allocates a pronunciation mail number, the user only must delimit the finger the sensor then to be possible to make the system recognition. After had the fingerprint recognition, then does not need to use the mailbox password or the individual identification number. In the next automobile application, the user might input the family member fingerprint sample, will be able to drive after the warning power. Registration process extremely simple: Each authorized driving member puts in his/her finger on the sensor, and carries on automobile each kind of parameter according to individual hobby the establishment, then stores these establishments Che Zai in the computer memory. When the driver enters the automobile, he/She puts in the finger on the sensor, start recognition process. Not to a second, the computer examines to the fingerprint template and the memory template will carry on the comparison, and establishes the correlation establishment which tallies with the driver. The fingerprint template and the match software preservation inserts in the type module in automobile. When the fingerprint matches successfully, the automobile then presses has programmed the hypothesis internal parameter to control the rear view mirror, in the automobile chair, the wireless base depot as well as the vehicle the air environment. In addition, but also may control the driving speed, if the driver is only ten year-old children, then rate limitation in each hour 55 kilometers. These functions realizations have extremely many uses. 4.Causes the mobile interned to turn on safely Along with the semiconductor and the software technology development, the handset gradually will become one kind to be possible to gain individual anytime and anywhere and the company data mobile termination, therefore needs to guarantee the user visit the security, by prevented has not been authorized the visit. The original law enforcement agency use fingerprint recognition way only saves in the fingerprint some data but the non- entire phantom, thus, the biological fingerprint sweeping system more effective, is reliable. This kind of examination all treating processes divide equally for following several steps: First is gathers the stage, the component gathering finger biology sample; Then the use establishes in advance the mathematical formula or the algorithm withdraw the data from the sample which it is in sole possession of, and transforms it a template; The registration authentication procedure hits the mark from a fingerprint 3040 characteristic withdraws seven characteristics matches spot to carry on the confirmation at least, including constitutes some fingerprint detail the trace bifurcation and the end point, and is defined the characteristic point the distance. When carries on the registration, the information code is saved, will take the next user authentication the reference template. When the user enters the system, he/She has delimited the finger the sensor region, gains the scene scanning template and the reference template carry on the comparison. The entire process completes in 1 or 2 seconds. Through the comparison, the system can determine whether this scene scanning template has contained the enough biological data which tallies with the reference template, and judgment two whether do match. If does not match, then the authentication defeat, waited for the next time will distinguish. This kind of fingerprint examination system performance is very high, makes the wrong judgment to the effective fingerprint the probability to be smaller than 1%, but invalid fingerprint for effective fingerprint possibility then does not exist nearly, its probability is lower than 0.01%. 新型指纹识别传感器的应用分析摘要指纹识别技术作为一种先进的身份识别方法，已经被广泛使用于各行各业中。该技术所用的核心部件即为传感器，本文介绍了传感器在指纹识别技术中的应用。关键词指纹识别传感器应用接触型传感器与划擦型传感器是两种新型固态指纹传感器，都是通过在触摸过程中电容的变化来进行信息采集。本文对两类传感器的工作原理和特点进行了详细分析，并介绍在互联网安全认证、汽车无钥匙进入系统等的应用。目前市场上有两种固态指纹传感器：第一种是单次触摸型传感器，要求手指在指纹采集区进行可靠的触摸；第二种则需要用手指在传感器表面擦过，传感器会采集一套特定的数据，然后进行快速分析和认证。这两类指纹传感器将得到越来越广泛的应用。上述两类传感器工作原理为：当指纹中的凸起部分置于传感电容像素电极上时，电容会有所增加，通过检测增加的电容来进行数据采集。传感器中的像素点为45平方微米，间隔为50微米，电容像素阵列的分辨率略高于500dpi。这类传感器基于一种标准的单-多晶硅三层金属CMOS工艺，并采用0.5微米工艺进行设计。金属互连的第三层构成电容像素层，由氮化钛制成并覆盖着一层氮化硅，厚度仅为7000埃米。这种硬金属电极与抗磨涂敷层组合形成的传感器十分坚实耐用，使用寿命可以达到很多年。 1.指纹检测人类的指纹由紧密相邻的凹凸纹路构成，通过对每个像素点上利用标准参考放电电流，便可检测到指纹的纹路状况。每个像素先预充电到某一参考电压，然后由参考电流放电。电容阳极上电压的改变率与其上的电容成下面的比例关系： Iref=Cdv/dt 处于指纹的凸起下的像素(电容量高)放电较慢，而处于指纹的凹处下的像素(电容量低)放电较快。这种不同的放电率可通过采样保持(S/H)电路检测并转换成一个8位输出，这种检测方法对指纹凸起和低凹具有较高的敏感性，并可形成非常好的原始指纹图像。采用复杂的软件算法可以进行指纹识别。这种软件采集原始的指纹图像，将图像信息数字化并提取其中的细节模板，然后进行测试，确定提取的细节模板是否与参考模板吻合。 2.比较过程接触型传感器与划擦型传感器的尺寸和成本都不一样。接触式传感器较大，通常有效接触面为1515mm，可迅速地采集最大的指纹或拇指指纹。这种传感器易于使用，并可将整个指纹图像以500dpi(自动指纹识别标准)的精度进行快速传输。目前这些传感器已完成设计，并用于美国政府机构及警察局进行指纹识别。不久的将来还将逐渐用于汽车单触式无钥匙进入系统，以及新兴的国家安全应用中。这种传感器由256(列)300(行)微型金属电极组成，每一列连接到一对S/H电路上。指纹图像依次进行逐行采集，每个金属电极均作为电容的一个极，与之接触的手指则是电容的另一个极。在器件表面有一层钝化层，作为两个电容极间的电介质层。将手指置于传感器上时，指纹上的凸起和低凹会在阵列上产生不同的电容值，并构成用于认证的一整幅图像。划擦型传感器是一种

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