初中数词集锦.doc

数词概述：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目或数量多少。序数词表示顺序和等级。数词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等成分。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词；表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。一、基数词1. 基数词注意以下几点：（1）几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接。如：eighty-five 85twenty-six 26（2）三位数的基数词须在百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间用and连接。如：three hundred and sixty-five 365two hundred and six 206（3）基数词的复数形式。当基数词hundred，thousand，million，billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时，必须用单数。如：several hundred years ago几百年前two thousand students两千个学生2. 基数词的特殊用法：（1）表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数形式。如：in the 1990s 20世纪90年代in ones twenties在某人20多岁时（2）用在习语中。如：in twos and threes三三两两地基数词的主要考点一）基数词的读法。注意：1，000以上数目的读法：自右向左每三位划一个分节“，”，第一个分节读thousand, 第二个分节读million, 第三个分节读billion或thousand million ，且hundred, thousand, million等用单数形式。注意，百位数hundred与十位数(或个位数)之间要用and连接。十位数与个位数之间要用连字符号“-”，如：52，368读作：fifty-two thousand, three hundred and sixty-eight.挑战中考：( )1. How long is the new bridge? Do you know ? -Yes. Its about _. (05济南市课改区)A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters B. one thousand and one hundred fifty metersC. two thousands one hundred forty metersD. two thousands seventy and three meters （ ）2. There are _ days in a year. (05贵州毕节地区) A. three hundred and sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty five C. three hundred sixty-five D. three hundreds and sixty- five二）基数词表计量。注意：基数词表计量大于1时，它所修饰的名词要用复数形式。如: two bottles of water (两瓶水); three boxes of apples(三箱苹果)。挑战中考：( )3. Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today. (05上海市) A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of ( )4. Can I help you? Id like _for my twin daughters. (05黄冈市) A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoeB. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes三）基数词表番号（编号）。注意：编号的事物如果数字较大，一般用基数词表达，且放在编号的事物名词之后。如：No.102 Middle School （102中学）；Room 206 （206房间） 如果编号的事物数字不大，用序数词表达，但它应放在编号名词之前。如：the first lesson (第一课) 挑战中考：( )5. Jack is now in _. (04武汉市) A. the three grade B. Grade Third C. Grade Three( )6. Now children, turn to page _and look at the _ picture in Lesson Two. A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first (03上海市)四）基数词表时刻。注意：英语时刻表达法有两种：一种是直接读数字，先说钟点数，后说分钟数：另一种是先说分钟数，后说钟点数，中间要用past或to连接。即：130分钟（含30分钟）用“分钟数+past+钟点数”；3159分钟用“（60-分钟数）+to +下一个钟点数”。如：4:20 four twenty或 twenty past four 5:45 five fifteen或 fifteen to six或 a quarter to six中考演练：( )7. -It 9:45. Yes, Its _. A. fifteen from ten B. a quarter to ten B. fifteen past nine D. a quarter past ten五）基数词复数表岁数或年代。注意：表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的大概岁数或年代。如：My uncle went to England in his twenties. 我叔叔在20多岁时去了英国。 又如：These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s.这些恐龙蛋是20世纪20年代由一群科学家在戈壁沙漠发现的。挑战中考：( )8.During World War, a Jewish（犹太的）lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her _. （05上海市）A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth 六）含基数词的复合形容词。注意：“基数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式。如：two-week holiday 两周的假 ； an eighteen-metre-wide street 一条18米宽的街道 但注意它与名词所有格形式作定语的区别。如：How far is it from your home to your school? Its about ten minutes walk. 从你家到到学校多远？大约十分钟路程。挑战中考：( )9. Bill said they would have _ holiday. (05天津市) A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two months( )10. Tim is _ boy. He can say a few words. (04广西玉林市) A. an one-year-old B. a one-year-old C. an one-year old D. a one-year old七）基数词与“多少又一半”的表达。注意：“多少又一半”的表达有种方法：一种是“数词+n.(单数或复数)+and a half”；另一种是“数词+and a half +n.复数”。如：“两个半月”可译为：two months and a half或two and a half months 中考演练： ( )11. I spent _ in doing my homework yesterday. A. a half and two hour B. two and a half hour C. two hour and a half D. two and a half hours八）hundred, thousand, million等表示大约数与确切数的区别。注意：基数词表示具体数目时，hundred, thousand, million用单数形式。但在表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等不确切数目时，hundred, thousand, million要用复数形式，且后接“of +名词复数”。如：1. There are nine hundred and forty-seven students in our school. 我校有947个学生。 2. Thousands of students come to visit the Museum of Natural History every year. 每年有数千学生来参观这个自然历史博物院。解题口诀：前有后无。挑战中考：（ ）12. Nanjing is a city with many places of interest. _ tourists come here every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousand C. Thousands D. Thousands of (05南京市) ( )13. How many people are there in Changsha? -About six _. (05长沙市初中毕业会考) A. million B. millions C. millions of（ ）14.How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? -Its hard to say. _ people, I think. ( 04福州市) A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million of序数词一）序数词的构成(1) 序数词第一,第二和第三分别为first, second和third,其他序数词的构成是在基数词后加-th.例如:sixsixth sevenseventh tententh fourfourth eleveneleventh(2) fifth(第五), eighth(第八), ninth (第九)和twelfth (第十二)在拼写上有变化.(3) 2090的整十位数变为序数词时,要把y变成ie,再加-th.例如: twentytwentieth fortyfortieth (4) 基数词2199变成序数词时,十位仍用基数词表示,只把个位变成序数词.例如: twenty-onetwenty-first forty-fiveforty-fifth(5) 第一百,第一千,第一百万,第十亿,都是在基数词后直接加-th构成.例如: hundredhundredth thousandthousandth millionmillionth billionbillionth(6)序数词的缩略形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成.例如: 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th二）.序数词在句子中的应用1)作定语The first time I came to China, I liked it very much. 第一次来中国,我就非常喜欢这个国家.2)作主语The first is always better than the second. 第一总是比第二好.3)作宾语She will choose the third. 她将选择第三个.4)作表语Mary is the first to complete the test paper in her class. 玛丽是班上第一个完成试卷的人.5)作状语She always comes first. 她总是第一个到.三、约数表示法：（1） 表示“大约、接近”，常用nearly, about, some, almost, around 等。about 700 people大约700 人 some fifty years ago 大约50年前（2） 表示“左右”用or so In the past five years or so 在过去五年左右的时间里（3）“少于”用less thanLess than 30 years old 不到30岁（4）“多于”用 more than , overMore than a year ago 一年多以前 over 70 years ago 70多岁了 四、小数表示法 ：1小数(1) 小数的读法小数点左边的数通常按基数词读，若为三位以上的数，也可按编码式读法读出，即将数字单个读出；小数点右边的数通常按编码式读法单个读出。如： 6.86 six point eight six 14.15 fourteen point one five 345.456 three four five point four five six 或three hundred and fortyfive point four five six (2) 小数中“0”的读法 “0”在小数中通常读作nought（英）或zero（美），也可读作字母o。如： 0.08 （nought）point nought eight 或 （zero）point zero eight 9.07 nine point o seven 2. 百分数表示法 百分数中的百分号读作percent。如： 6% 读作 six percent 0.6% 读作 （nought） point six percent 500% 读作 five hundred percent 3. 倍数表示法 倍数表示方法很多，如：（1） 倍数+ as + 形（副） 原级 + as（2） 倍数 + 形（副）比较级 + than（3） 倍数 + the size（length）+ of（表示大小或数量的名词）This room is four times as big as mine. 这个房间是我房间的四倍。 This room is three times larger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大两倍。 The output of coal has doubled. 煤的产量增加了一倍。 My aunt is as old again as I am. 我姑姑年龄比我大一倍。 Productivity is increased three fold. 生产效率提高了两倍。 The volume of the Sun is about 1,300,000 times that of the Earth. 太阳的体积约为地球的1300000倍。 4.分数的表达方法：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子用单数，分母用序数词的复数。 The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter厘米是分米的十分之一，或者说是米的百分之一。 About two thirds of the students attend the meeting大约23的学生都参加了会议。5. 加减乘除式的读法 6+511 Six plus five is eleven 或 Six and five is eleven. 11-65 Eleven minus six is five. 或 Six from eleven is five. 4520 Four multiplied by five is twenty.或 Four times five is twenty. 2045 Twenty divided by four is five. 或 Four into twenty goes five. 15:53 The ratio of fifteen to five is three. 32 Three squared is nine. 23 Two cubed is eight. 24 The fourth power of two is sixteen. X(1/2)=Y The square root of X is Y. X(1/3)=Y The cubic root of X is Y.课堂练习（ ）1._ martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people. a. Thousand upon thousand of b. Thousand and thousands of c. Thousands upon thousands of d. Thousand and thousand of （ ）2.They received _ of letters about their TV programs. a. dozen b. dozen and dozen c score d. dozens （ ）3.Who is that man,_ in the front row? a. one b. the one c. first d. the first （ ）4.We have produced _ this year as we did in 1993. a. as much cotton twice b. as twice much cotton c. much as twice cotton d. twice as much cotton （ ）5.The earth is about _ as the moon. a. as fifty time big b. fifty times as big c. as big fifty time d. fifty as times big （ ）6.The population of many Alaskan cities has _ in the past three years. a. more than doubled b. more doubled than c. much than doubled d. much doubled than （ ）7.The moon is about _ in diameter as diameter as the earth. a. one-three as large b. one three as large c. one-third as large d. one third as large （ ）8.Five hundred yuan a month _ enough to live on. a. is b. are c. is being d. has been （ ）9._ of the buildings were ruined. a. Three fourth b. Three four c. Three-fourths d. Three-four （ ）10.Consult _ for questions about earthquakes. a. the six index b. index six c. sixth index d. index numbering six （ ）11.She went to the countryside _. a. in the morning at nine/on June first,1968 b. on June first,1968/in the morning at nine c. at nine in the morning/on June first,1968 d. on June first,1968/at nine in the morning （ ）12.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ covered with water. a. are b. is c. were d. be （ ）13.This month the production of stainless steel in our steelworks has increased _ 2,000 tons. a. with b. in c. on d. by （ ）14.With the miniaturization of the structural components the weight of these electric devices has decreased _ 30 percent. a. as b. with c. in d. by （ ）15.The Olympic Games are held _. a. every four years b. every four year c. every fourth years d. every four-years （ ）16.As he is not in good health, he goes to his factory only _ just to learn something about the progress of experiment. a. once a week b. one week c. one time a week d. one a week （ ）17.Three students _ in this university come from the South. a. of ten b. out of in ten c. out of ten d. in tens （ ）18.Strings of the same thickness made of nylon are _. a. five times stronger than those b. five time stronger than those c. five times strong than those d. five times stronger as those （ ）19.the wheels of the old wagon are nearly _ those of a modern car. a. twice the size of b. twice size of c. twice sizes of d. twice the size of （ ）20.One day on the moon is _. a. two Earth week long b. two Earth weeks long b. two Earth weeks longer d. two Earth weeks length ( ) 21 There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five( ) 22 There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six( ) 23. _people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of( )24. There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of( ) 25. Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. million of people( ) 26. _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of( ) 27.Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star( )28. My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one( )29.We are going to learn_ this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six( ) 30.Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second ( ) 31. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five( ) 32 The year 1999 should be read The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine ( ) 33. He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth( ) 34.Every day he begins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten( ) 35. He was doing some washing _.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning（ ）36. It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred（ ）37. -How many workers are there in your fact