柴油发电机组供油系统压缩故障的的处理步骤.doc

柴油发电机组供油系统压缩故障的的处理步骤一、静态压缩法 即机器静止状态下压缩故障的方法。一般来讲，先检查低压油路，再检查高压油路，最后检查喷油质量，必要时检查喷油时间。 1、检查低压油路。首先要检查油路有无堵塞和气阻现象。方法是将低压油管末端的放油螺栓拧下，看流油情况。如果流油不畅或带有气泡，则表明低压油路有局部堵塞或有空气进入，应沿油路逐步压缩，直到流出清洁无气泡的柴油后，再将螺栓拧紧。如果流油畅通无气泡，则说明低压油路良好，故障可能在高压油路。 2、检查高压油泵泵油情况。首先将高压油泵放气螺丝拧松，若无气泡溢出，应立即上紧放气螺丝；然后检查泵油情况，将高压油泵齿杆放在中载位置，将大拇指用力按住出油口，再猛提该缸的手泵把(无手泵把的高压油泵，可用起子撬动该缸柱塞泵油)，如不喷油或感到压力不足，则表明柱塞付可能磨损严重或者出油阀端面接触不良，这时需将高压油管接头螺丝拆下，用拇指按住出油阀，察看出油阀周围有无柴油。若有柴油，说明出油阀垫片损坏或密封不严，修理正常后，再拆下高压油泵检查；如能喷油说明柱塞付是好的，然后再检查出油阀是否良好；如果出油阀的减压带及锥形接触面都是好的，说明高压油泵没有问题，故障在喷油嘴。喷油嘴一般都要从机器上拆下来，用压力试验器检查调整喷射压力和喷射质量，确定有故障后再拆开检查。喷油时间不对，机器也不能正常工作。因此，还应该检查喷油时间是否准确。 二、动态压缩法 所谓动态压缩法，是指机器在运行状态下压缩故障的方法。检查步骤是：依次停止某缸工作，观察故障现象变化，主要查看排烟情况、电压及频率的变化，然后判断各缸的工作好坏。例如断掉某缸供油后，故障现象消失，说明故障就在此缸，某缸断油后，用手推动齿杆，观察转速变化，如该缸对机器影响较大，说明该缸工作良好。 必须指出，静态及动态压缩法必须配合使用，因为一个故障往往引起几种故障现象。如喷油时间过晚，会引起功率不足，加速不良，机温过高等现象，所以根据故障现象，要用多种方法检查，才能达到又快又准的目的。 三、排除故障的一般步骤 柴油机常见故障有不易起动、排气颜色不正常、功率下降、转速不稳、低速“敲缸”和“飞车”等。这里仅以不易起动为例，介绍排除故障的一般步骤。柴油机不易起动的原因有： 油箱中无油。 因油路堵塞不来油。 柴油中有水分，不易着火。 供油系统中进入空气，高压油泵柱塞上升时，只能压缩空气，使油压降低，供油量减少或不供油。 燃烧室内燃油过多或温度过低，也不易起动。燃烧室和气缸内温度过低，燃油不易雾化，燃油过多形成浓的混合气体也不易着火燃烧，因而不易起动。 喷油嘴喷射质量不佳，使燃油雾化不好，也不易形成可燃混合气。 高压油泵供油量不足，供油压力过高或过低。 喷油时间过早或过晚。 机器不易起动的原因很多，一般可按下述步骤分析检查： 首先检查油箱内油量和油开关是否打开。如果油量足，油开关打开有燃油流出，可断定故障不在此处。 摇转曲轴，倾听气缸内有无清脆的喷油声，若没有，说明柴油没有进入气缸，此时应拧开最后一缸高压油泵旁的放气螺丝，观察现象判断故障：燃油中有气泡溢出，说明供油系统中进入空气，应排除；燃油中有水珠，说明油中有积水，应更换燃油；燃油流出不畅，说明燃油滤清器或油路部分堵塞，应疏通油道或清洗燃油滤清器；燃油迅速流出，说明故障可能在高压油泵或喷油嘴上，此时应拆下靠喷油嘴一端的高压油管，并旋转曲轴(或扳动油泵把)检查高压油泵供油情况;若不供油或供油量不足，故障在高压油泵，应拆开检查；若供油良好，故障在喷油嘴上，应拆开检查。 如果摇转曲轴能听到清脆的喷油声，说明故障不在供油系统，可能是气缸内燃油过多、起动转速过低、气缸温度过低或其它部位的故障。如果气缸温度过低，则应预热；若是燃油过多，应使高压油泵停止供油，打开减压阀，摇转曲轴将气缸内的燃油排除。The fuel supply system of diesel generator sets compression failure of the processing stepsFirst, the static compressionMachine stationary state method of compression failure. In general, first check the low pressure oil line, and then check the high pressure, and finally check the fuel injection quality, if necessary, check the fuel injection time.1, check the low pressure oil Oil should first check whether the congestion and air resistance phenomenon. The method is the low pressure tubing at the end of oil drain bolts, watching the flow of oil. Bubbles, indicates that the low pressure oil if the poor flow of oil or with the partial blockage or air into the compression along the oil gradually, until no bubbles outflow clean diesel, and then tighten the bolts. If the smooth flow of oil, no bubbles, then the low pressure oil well, the fault may be in the high pressure.2, check the high pressure oil pump pumps oil. First high-pressure pump deflated screws loosen, the absence of bubbles overflow, immediately tighten deflated screws; then check the pump oil, high pressure oil pump gear lever position is contained in the thumb firmly press and hold the outlet, fierce to mention the cylinder hand pump (no hand pump high pressure oil pump, available screwdriver pry the cylinder piston pump oil), such as fuel injection, or feel the pressure is insufficient, then show that the plunger to pay may be badly worn or out of oil The valve face of poor contact, when the high-pressure tubing connector screws removed, with the thumb holding down the outlet valve, look around the outlet valve with or without diesel. If diesel fuel, indicating that the gasket is damaged or poor sealing of the outlet valve, repair of normal, and then remove the high pressure fuel pump check; such as fuel injection plunger pay is good, then check out the oil valve is good; if the decompression with conical contact surface of the oil valve is good, the high pressure fuel pump problems, failure in the injector. The injectors are generally required to be removed from the machine, pressure test to check the adjustment injection pressure and injection quality, and then open the inspection to identify faulty. Injector at the wrong time, the machine is not working properly. Therefore, should also check the fuel injection time is accurate.Second, the dynamic compressionThe so-called dynamic compression is the compression failure of the machine operating conditions. Check the steps are: to stop a cylinder in order to observe the changes in the failure phenomenon, the main view of the smoke conditions, voltage and frequency changes, and then judge each cylinder of the work is good or bad. A cylinder oil such as broken, the fault disappears, indicating that the failure in this cylinder, a cylinder off the oil, hand to push the gear lever, observe the speed changes, such as the cylinder of the machine affect the larger, indicating that the cylinder .It must be pointed out that the static and dynamic compression must be used in conjunction with several failure phenomena often caused because of a failure. Such as fuel injection time is too late, cause lack of power, to accelerate bad, the machine temperature is too high, and such phenomena, so the phenomenon of failure to use a variety of methods to check in order to achieve the purpose of quick and accurate.Third, the general steps for troubleshootingDiesel engine common failure is not easy to start, exhaust color is not normal, power down, speed instability, low Knocking and Speed . Only difficult to start, for example, introduced the general troubleshooting steps. The diesel engine difficult to start: Tank, oil-free.Blockage to oil due to oil. diesel fuel in the water, not fire. The fuel supply system into the air, high-pressure pump plunger rise, only compressed air, so that the oil pressure to reduce fuel supply to reduce or oil. Indoor too much fuel or too low temperature combustion is not easy to start. Low temperature within the combustion chamber and cylinder, fuel is not easy to atomization, fuel excessive formation of dense gas mixtures are not easy to catch fire and burn, and thus not easy to start.The spray nozzle of poor quality, so that fuel atomization bad, difficult to form a combustible mixture. high-pressure fuel supply volume, the oil pressure is too high or too low. fuel injection time is too early or too late.Machine is not easy for many reasons, starting the general analysis of inspection according to the following steps:First of all, check the fuel tank of fuel and oil switch is turned on. If enough oil, the oil switch to open the fuel outflow can be concluded that the fault is not here.Crank crank, listen to whether the crisp sound of the injector in the cylinder, if not, the description of the diesel fuel into the cylinder, and you should unscrew the the deflated screw next to the last-cylinder high-pressure pump, determine the fault of the observed phenomena: fuel bubbles overflow , into the air in the fuel supply system, should be excluded; there are drops of water in the fuel, oil, water, should replace the fuel; fuel out of poor, partially blocked fuel filter or oil, should clear the oil duct or cleaning the fuel filter; rapid outflow of the fuel, the description of the fault may be in the high pressure fuel pump or fue