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关键词：: ZFS10000-25-45 中位放顶煤液压支架设计任务书翻译图纸

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ZFS10000-25-45中位放顶煤液压支架设计

1000页 34000字数+说明书+任务书+外文翻译+6张CAD图纸【详情如下】

ZFS10000-25-45中位放顶煤液压支架设计说明书.doc

任务书.doc

后连杆A2.dwg

外文翻译--液压支架.doc

封皮.doc

底座装配图A0.dwg

总装图A0.dwg

护帮板A2.dwg

摘要.doc

液压系统图A3.dwg

目录.doc

顶梁装配图A0.dwg

QQ截图20140111182444.gif

ZFS10000-25-45中位放顶煤液压支架设计.gif

底座装配图A0.gif

顶梁装配图A0.gif

后连杆A2.gif

护帮板A2.gif

全部文件.gif

液压系统图A3.gif

1 序论 1

1.1 国内外液压支架的现状1

1.1.1 国外液压支架现状1

1.1.2 国内液压支架技术现状2

1.2支护设备的用途和种类3

1.3液压支架工作原理3

1.4液压支架的分类6

1.5液压支架结构9

1.5.1支撑式支架9

1.5.2掩护式支架10

1.5.3支撑掩护式支架11

1.5.4放顶煤液压支架12

1.6 液压支架的设计目的、要求和基本参数14

1.6.1设计目的14

1.6.2对液压支架的基本要求14

1.6.3设计液压支架必需的基本参数15

2 液压支架的结构设计15

2.1 液压支架的主要尺寸的确定15

2.1.1液压支架以及配套设备的型号15

2.1.2支架高度和伸缩比16

2.1.3支架间距的确定17

2.1.4顶梁尺寸的确定17

2.1.5底座尺寸的确定19

2.1.6立柱布置19

2.2四连杆机构的确定19

2.2.1四连杆机构的作用19

2.2.2四连杆机构的设计要求20

2.2.3四连杆机构设计方法的选择21

2.2.4求解过程23

2.3支架在工作面的通风断面积验算26

2.4各部件结构选择27

2.4.1顶梁27

2.4.2立柱29

2.4.3掩护梁和四连杆机构31

2.4.4底座31

2.4.5侧护板34

2.4.6千斤顶35

2.5液压支架性能参数的确定37

2.5.1支护强度37

2.5.2支护面积38

2.5.3支架的有效工作阻力38

2.5.4确定立柱的技术参数38

2.5.5泵站压力的确定39

2.5.6千斤顶参数的确定39

3 液压支架的强度设计39

3.1概述39

3.1.1液压支架工作状态39

3.1.2计算载荷的确定40

3.2液压支架受力分析与计算41

3.2.1支架整体受力分析43

3.2.2顶梁的受力分析与计算43

3.2.3掩护梁的受力分析与计算46

3.2.4底座的受力分析与计算48

3.3顶梁载荷分布49

3.4底座接触比压50

4 液压支架的强度计算53

4.1强度条件53

4.2液压支架的强度校核54

4.2.1前梁强度校核54

4.2.2主顶梁强度校核58

4.2.3底座强度校核64

4.2.4 掩护梁的强度校核69

4.2.5 前梁千斤顶的强度验算73

4.2.6立柱强度校核75

4.2.7 前连杆强度校核及对应销轴 82

4.2.8 后连杆强度校核及对应销轴 84

5 液压支架的液压系统 85

5.1立柱和千斤顶86

5.2支架液压阀87

5.2.1液控单向阀87

5.2.2安全阀87

5.2.3操纵阀88

5.3液压支架液压原理图88

5.4液压支架的控制方式89

5.4.1手动控制89

5.4.2自动控制89

5.5液压系统安装、调试、保养89

5.5.1安装89

5.5.2调试92

5.4.3保养93

结论94

参考文献95

摘要

中位放顶煤液压支架的放煤口位于支架高度的中部，即掩护梁上。工作面为双输送机，一前一后分别运输采煤机的落煤和放落的顶煤。由于工作面有两套独立的出煤系统，采煤和放煤间干扰较少，可以实现采、放平行作业，提高工作面生产率。中位放顶煤液压支架是当前我国应用数量较多，分布面较广的综放支护设备。它已不仅是一种单纯维护工作面空间的支护设备，还是一种依靠矿山压力破碎煤体，具有放煤功能的综采设备。

本次设计的四连杆中位放顶煤液压支架ZFS10000/25/45，有顶梁、底座、掩护梁、立柱、前后连杆等几部分组成。放煤口设在掩护梁上，采用两部输送机，架型为支撑掩护式，适用于厚煤层的开采。由于该支架采用了四连杆机构，因而受力状态好，抗扭能力强。因此，该四连杆型式的放顶煤支架适合于倾角较大煤层的放顶煤开采。

此支架具有受力状态好，抗扭能力强，不易倒架，不易损坏且煤尘较小等优点，其不足之处为：（一）后输送机置于底座上，挡煤板与架间浮煤易损坏中部槽，人工清理浮煤劳动强度大，效率低；（二）由于掩护梁不能摆动，仅靠放煤机构对跨落下来的大块煤进行二次破煤的能力欠佳。

关键词：四连杆；中位放顶煤；液压支

ABSTRACT

The position puts against the coal powered supports to put the coal mouth to be located in the middle of supports, on the caving shield.The working surface has two conveyors, tandem separately transport the loader to fall the coal and to put against the coal.Because the working surface has two set of independent coal systems, mining coal and puts the coal room disturbance to be few, may realize pick and put on parallel operations, enhances the working surface productivity.The position puts against the coal powered supports are now adopt most in our country, the distribution are abroad synthesis of support and protect equipments. Not only it was already one kind of pure maintenance work space of support and protection equipments, one kind of dependence underground pressure broken pulverized coal body, had puts the coal function the synthesis to pick the equipment.

In this design four-bar the position puts against coal powered support ZFS10000/25/45. It consists of canopy, base plate, caving shield, hydraulic legs, front and rear lemniscate bars and so on. The coal mouth is located in the caving shield, uses two conveyors, the support type is chock shield, is suitable in thick seam mining.Because the support has used four-bar mechanism, the stressful condition is good, has stable torsional ability. Therefore, the four-bar type puts against the coal support to suit in the big inclination angle coal puts against coal mining.

This support has the good stressful condition , has stable torsional ability, not easy to lose face, not easy to damage also the coal dust is small and so on,.Its deficiency is: (1) Back conveyor puts base plate, keeps off the coal board and the bay floats the coal easily to damage the trough, the hand cleaning floats the coal labor intensity to be big, the efficiency is low; (2) Because caving shields are not able to swing, only depends on put the coal organization to the big lump coal which cross falls down to carry on two times broken coal abilities unsatisfactory.

Keywords：Four-bar; put the coal in the middle of supports; powered supports支护设备的用途和种类

　　　回采工作面支护设备用于支撑工作面顶板、阻挡顶板冒落的岩石窜入作业空间，以保证工作面内机器和人员安全生产。

　　　目前回采工作面使用的支护设备有金属摩擦支柱、单体液压支柱和自移式液压支架，它们与采煤机和工作面输送机分别组成“普采”、“高档普采”和“综采”。

　　　金属摩擦支柱和单体液压支柱与金属铰接顶梁配套使用（统称单体支护设备），它们的支撤和移动都靠人工操作，故劳动强度大、安全性较差、支撤速度慢、工作面产量和效率较低。

　　　近年来新发展的切顶支柱和滑移顶梁支架为进一步改善普采工作面的劳动条件和技术经济效益提供了途径。

　　　液压支架是以高压乳化液作为动力，使支架的支撑、切顶、移架和输送机推移等工序全部实现了机械化。因而大大改善了回采工作面的作业环境，使矿工们从笨重的体力劳动中解放出来，有效地提高了劳动安全性，并为工作面实现自动化创造了条件。同时也大大提高了回采工作面的技术经济效益。但液压支架的初期投资较大。

　　　木支柱在机械化采煤工作面仅用于临时性辅助支护，如处理顶板事故等。

1.3 液压支架工作原理

　　　液压支架的主要动作有升架、降架、推移输送机和移架。这些动作是利用乳化液泵站提供的高压液体，通过液压控制系统控制不同功能的液压缸来完成的。每架支架的液压管路都与工作面主管路并联，形成各自独立的液压系统（图1—1），其中液控单向阀和安全阀设在本架内，操纵阀可设在本架

　　　内，前者为本架操作，后者为邻架操作。

内容简介：: 英文原文Powered supportsPowered roof supports are used to support the roof at the face.They work in several steps mostly in the immediate forward support (IFS) type in order to support the newly exposed roof as soon as possible. In normal supporting condition the canopy of the support is set tightly against the roof strata,by the supporting resistances of the hydraulic legs. When the cutting machine cuts and passes several support units beyond the support in question, the support legs are lowered and pulled forward for a distance equal to the width of cut (web) by retracting the hydraulic advancing ram. The advancing ram acts against the face conveyor panline, whose position is held unchanged by the advancing rams, forces of the supports that are set on both sides of the support to be advanced. As soon as the support has been advanced to the designed position, the support is immediately reset against the roof. Finally, the advancing ram of the support in question is extended to push the conveyor forward and becomes ready for the next cut. The sequential steps described are for the advance of an individual support in the direction perpendicular to the faceline.But along the faceline direction, the conveyor cannot be advanced in a sharp step immediately after the shearer has passed it, due to the rigidity of the panline. Thus the fourth step is usually sometime after the shearer,s pass, resulting in a curved or snaked section.During panel development the panel entries are roof bolted as usual. But in the tailentry one or two rows of cribs are erected to supplement the roof bolting. During retreating mining, the roof at the headentry T-junction area (up to 500 ft (152m) outby the face) is generally reinforced with supports of some type to increase support density to cope with the moving front and side abutment pressures. Modern longwall mining employs hydraulic powered supports at the face area. The supports not only holds up the roof, pushes the face chain conveyor(AFC), and advances itself, but also provides a safe environment for all associated mining activities. Therefore its successful selection and application are the prerequisite for successful longwall mining. Furthermore, due to the large number of units required, the capital invested for the power support usually accounts for more than half of the initial capital for a longwall face. Therefore both from technical and economic points of view, the powered support is a very important piece of equipment in a longwall face. Classification of powered supportsThe application of modern powered supports can be traced back to early 1950s. Since then, following its adoption in every part of the world, there have been countless models design and manufactured in various countries. But unfortunately, there still is no uniform system of classification.In this section a simplified classification is used. Since a powered support consists of four major components (i. e , canopy, caving shield, hydraulic legs and props, and base plate), the ways by which they are interrelated are used for classification. In this respect, two factors are most important: (a) presence or absence of caving shield- if a caving shield is included, the support is a “shield” type, otherwise, a frame or a chock; (b) number and type of arranging the hydraulic legs- since support capacity is generally proportional to number of hydraulic legs, it is important to specify the number of hydraulic legs that a support has. Furthermore, the way the hydraulic legs are installed is important; for example, a vertical installation between the base and the canopy has the caving shield has the least efficiency in supporting the roof.Based on this concept, there are four types of powered support, that is, the frame, chock, shield and chock shield, in order of evolution of their development. However, it must be noted that the trend of development in each type is such that it becomes less distinguishable in terms of application.The four types of roof supports can be obtained for either longwall retreating or advancing systems, and they are available in standard, one-web-back, and immediate forward support (IFS) versions.With the standard system, the wining machine takes a cut or a slice, and the armored face conveyor is pushed over by the hydraulic rams that are fixed to the support units. The support units then are advanced sequentially to the conveyor. With the one-web-back system, a support is set back from the conveyor by a device that automatically keeps the leading edge of the support at a fix distance from the conveyor. This allows easy access though the face and employs the standard method of advancing; i. e , pushing the conveyor first, and then advancing the support.With the IFS system, the support units is advanced to the conveyor immediately after the cutting machine has passed, and the forward canopy of the support units is long enough to the support both the recently and newly exposed roof sections. After the supports have been advanced, the conveyor is pushed over. FrameThe frame support is an extension of the single hydraulic props conventionally used underground. Thus it is the first type developed in modern self-advancing hydraulic powered supports. It involves setting up two hydraulic props or legs vertically in tandem that are connected at the top by a single or two segmented canopies. The two segmented canopies can be hinge-jointed at any point between the legs or in front of the front leg. The base of the two hydraulic legs may be a circular steel shoe welded at bottom of each leg or solid base connecting both legs.Generally, a frame support consists of two or three sets of hydraulic legs. The set moving first is the secondary set, the set moving later is the primary set. There is a double-acting ram installed between each set. The piston of the ram is connected to the secondary set and the cylinder to the primary set. During support advance, the primary set is set against the roof while the secondary set is lowered and pushed forward by the piston. Having reached the new position, the secondary set is against the roof while the primary set is lowered and pulled forward by the cylinder. The distance of each advance ranges from 20 to 36 in.(0.50 0.91m)The frame support is very simple, but more flexible or less stable structurally. There are considerable uncovered spaces between the two pieces of canopy which allows broken roof rock to fall through. Consequently, the frame support is not suitable for a weak roof. Frames have become seldom used because they are less stable and require frequent maintenance. ChockIn a chock support, the canopy is a solid piece and the base may be either a solid or piece or two separate parts connected by steel bars at the rear and/or the front ends. In both cases a large open space is left at the center for locating the double-acting hydraulic ram which is used to push and pull the chain conveyor and the chock in a whole unit, respectively, a distinctive difference from the frame support. This setup is also used in the shields and chock shields.Again, all hydraulic legs are installed vertically between the base and the canopy. The number of legs ranges from three to six, but the four-leg chocks are by far the most popular ones. The six-leg chocks are designed for thin seams with two legs in the front and four legs in the rear, separated by a walkway. For the six-leg chocks, the canopy is generally hinge-jointed above the walkway. Most chock are also equipped with a gob window hanging at the rear end of the canopy. The gob window consists of several rectangular steel plates connected horizontally at both ends.In most chock supports, there are hinge joint connections between the legs and the canopy and between the legs and the base. But in order to increase the longitudinal stability, it is reinforced mostly with a box-shaped steel frame between the base and each leg. A leg restoring device is installed around each leg at the top of the box-shaped steel frame.The chocks are suitable for medium to hard roof. When the roof overhangs well into the gob and requires induced caving, the chocks can provide access to the gob. ShieldShields, a new entry in the early seventies, are characterized by the addition of a caving shield at the rear end between the base and the canopy. The caving shields, which in general are inclined, are hinge-jointed to the canopy and the base making the shield a kinematically stable support, a major advantage over the frames and the chocks. It also completely seals off the gob and prevents rock debris from getting into the face side of the support. Thus the shield-supported face is generally clean.The hydraulic legs in the shields are generally inclined to provide more open space for traffic. Because the canopy, caving shield, and base are interconnected, it can well resist the horizontal force without bending the legs. Thus, unlike the solid constraint in the frame/ chock supports, the pin connections between the legs and the canopy , and between the legs and the base in a shield support make it possible that the angle of inclination of the hydraulic legs varies with the mining heights. Since only the vertical component of hydraulic leg pressure is available for supporting the roof, the actual loading capacity of the shield also varies with the mining heights.There are many variations of the shield supports. In the following, six items are used to classify the shields , which enables a unified terminology to be developed for all kinds of shields. The types of motional traces of the canopy tip, leg positions and orientation, number of legs, canopy geometry, and other optional designs and devices can be clearly specified by the terminology .Types of motional traces for the leading edge of the canopy. This is the most commonly recognized way of classifying the shield. Based on this criterion, there are three types, lemniscate, caliper , and ellipse.Lemniscate. This is the most popular type. The caving shield and the base are jointed by two lemniscate bars which have a total of four hinges. As the hydraulic legs are raised and lowered, the dimentions of the lemniscate bars are selected such that the leading edge of the canopy moves up and down nearly vertically , thus maintaining a nearly constant unsupported distance between the face-line and the leading edge of the canopy .This is a feature that is widely considered most desirable for good roof control . There are clear limits of mining height within which the leading edge of the canopy moves nearly vertically. These limits are strictly controlled by the dimentional and positional arrangements of the canopy, caving shield, lemniscate bars, and the base. Beyond these limits, the edges will move rapidly away from the face-line creating a large unsupported area.Caliper. In a caliper shield, the caving shield and the base are connected by a single hinge .When the hydraulic legs are raised, the leading edge of the canopy moves in an arc away from the face, thus increasing the unsupported area. This is considered by most users the least desirable feature of the caliper shield .But in practice if the seam thickness varies little, the dimentional and positional arrangement of canopy, caving shield, and the base can be so designed that the distance change of unsupported area will not be significant. On the other hand, when the legs are lowered, it reduces the unsupported area. Ellipse. In this type the caving shield and the base are so connected that when the hydraulic legs are moved up and down, the leading edge of the canopy follows an elliptical trace. This type is seldom used. Chock shieldThe chock shield combines the features of the chocks and the shields. As such it possesses the advantages of both.If all of the four or six legs are installed between the canopy and the base, it is called a chock shield. There are regular four or six-leg chock shields in which all legs are vertical and parallel. Others form V or X shapes. Some canopies are a single piece and some are two pieces with a hydraulic ram at the hinge joint. The chock shield has the highest supporting efficiency. They are suitable for hard roof.Common elements of powered supportsThe modern powerd supports, regardless of the types ,consist of the following five common components:( 1 ) Load-bearing units. These include the canopy, base plate, caving shield, lemniscate bars, and joint pins.( 2 ) Hydraulic rams. These include the hydraulic rams for ( a ) pushing the chain conveyor and advancing the powered support, ( b ) operating the front canopy or face guards, ( c ) balancing or limiting the position of the canopy, and ( d ) operating other auxiliary equipment such as leg recovering devices and side shideds, and above all, operating the legs.( 3 ) Control and operating Units. These include internal control valves such as check and yield valves in the hydraulic legs, unit control valve, and high pressure hydraulic tubings.( 4 ) Auxiliary devices. These include support advancing,leg recovering, gob windows, face guards, base-lifting, lighting, and so on.( 5 ) Hydraulic fluid. This is the emulsion for operating the powered supports. 中文译文液压支架液压支架被用来支护工作面顶板。他们在立即前移支护系统里通常从事以下几步工作，为了尽可能快地支撑新暴露空间。在正常的支撑重要条件下，支架的顶梁是通过立柱的支撑阻力紧紧地靠着来阻止顶板岩层。当切割和通过几个支撑单位超过支架时，立柱降柱和向前移动一段距离，通过液压推进油缸的缩回来达到与切割的深度相等。推进油缸靠在工作面输送镏槽上，它的位置是通过支架的推进油缸的推进力来保持不变，作用在支架的两边。支架一推进到设计的位置，支架就立即重新靠在顶板上。最后，支架的推力油缸试图向前推进输送机和为下一次切割做准备。描述的顺序步骤就是为了单个支架的推移，在方向上要垂直于工作线。但是沿着工作线的方向，在采煤机通过输送机之后，输送机不会立即推移很大一段距离，由于镏槽的刚性。因此第四步通常是在采煤机通过之后的一段时间，导致了弯曲或矩形的方向。在采区推进期间，镏槽向导通常是锚杆支架。但是在尾部巷道一排或两排垛子被支撑去辅助顶板螺栓。在后退式采煤期间，在下顺槽T型接口的顶板（伸出工作面的距离达到了152m）一般是通过某些类型的支架来进行加固，以提高支护密度来处理向前移动和向旁边移动的支座压力。现代长壁采煤工作面使用自移式液压支架（这种支架在这本书中通常被称为液压支架）。液压支架不仅支撑顶板，推移工作面刮板输送机，和它自己的移动前进，而且为了所有相互联系的采煤活动提供安全的环境。因而液压支架成功的选择和应用是长壁开采成功的选择和应用是长壁开采成功的前提条件。此外，由于需要大量的液压支架，为液压支架所投入的资金通常超过为长壁工作面所投入的初期资金的一半。因而从技术和经济两方面观点看，液压支架是长壁工作面非常重要的设备。液压支架的分类现代液压支架的使用可以追溯到20世纪50年早期。自从那时起，随着液压支架在世界上的应用，在不同的国家已经有了不计其数的设计模型和不计其数的液压支架被制造。但是不幸的是液压支架仍然没有一致的分类体系。在这一段一个简化的分类被使用。液压支架是由四大主要部分组成（顶梁、掩护梁、立柱和底座）。这些组成部分的使用是相互联系的，为了便于分类。在这一方面，两个因素是最重要的：（a）是否存在掩护梁-如果包括掩护梁，那么这种支架就是掩护型的，否则它就是节式或垛式支架；（b）立柱的数量和类型-立柱的负载量通常与立柱的数量成正比例，因而确定支架的立柱数量是重要的。此外，立柱被安装的方式是重要的；例如，在支护顶板方面，在顶梁和底座之间垂直的安装立柱有最高的应用效率然而在底座和掩护梁之间倾斜的安装立柱却有着最低的效梁。根据这个概念，有四种类型匠液压支架，那就是，节式，垛式，掩护式和支撑掩护式，随着他们的发展演变而来的。然而，必须强调的是每种类型的发展趋势都是为了在应用方面让液压支架变的容易区分。这四种类型的液压支架不仅可以用于后退式长壁回采工作面和前进式开采工作面，还可以用于标准方式、滞后支护方式和即时支护方式。对于标准支护方式，采煤机作切割或分段运动，工作面输送机由装在液压支架上的推移千斤顶推动前进。液压支架比输送机先移动。对于滞后式支护方式，支架不可能靠近输送机，因为有一个装置自动的使支架前端与输送机保持一定的距离。这就要求要有贯穿工作面的缓沟，并且采用前进式标准支护，比如：先推动刮板输送机，然后再让液压支架前进。对于即时支护方式，液压支架在截煤机过去之后立即跟随刮板输送机前进，液压支架前面的顶板有足够的长度来支护采过和将要采的顶板部分。在液压支架前进以后，刮板输送机也被推移前进。节式支架节式支架是通常使用在地下的单体液压支柱的扩展。因此节式支架是在现代自移式液压支架中发展出的第一种类型的液压支架。它包含两排串列的液压支柱，在顶部由单个或两个扇形顶梁所连接。两个扇形顶梁可以在两个立柱之间或前柱的前面以任意的角度铰接。两个液压支柱的底座可能是一个环形的钢铁滑必履焊接在每个立柱的底部或整个底座连接两个立柱。如果钢铁滑履被使用，那么弹簧板连接着立柱就用来提高稳定性。通常节式支架包含两排或三排立柱。首先移动的那排立柱是辅助的立柱，后来移动的是主要的立柱。有一个双作用油缸安装在每排立柱之间。油缸的活塞连接到了辅助立柱上，气缸连接到了主要立柱上。在支架推移期间，主要立柱支撑顶板而辅助立柱是低的并且通过活塞向前推。达到了新的位置时，辅助立柱支撑顶板而主要立柱是低的并且通过气缸向前推。每次前移的距离是在20到36英寸之间。因此节式支架是非常简单的，不仅不是更加的灵活而且结构上不稳固。在两块顶梁之间有相当大的地方，不允许破落的顶板石块落在那里。因此，节式支架不适合用在支撑力弱的顶板上。节式支架已经变的极少使用因为它们不稳固而且需要经常维修。垛式支架在垛工支顶架里，顶梁是一整块和底座可能是一整块也可能是由后端梁和前端梁上的钢铁杆连接的两个分开的零件。在这两种情况里，一块大的空地方是在中心的左边，为了定位双作用液压缸，用来在整个机构里推拉刮板输送机和垛式支架。都分别不同于节式支架，这个装置也用在掩护工和支撑掩护式支架中。此外，所有的立柱都垂直地安装在底座和顶数值之间。立柱的三到六个，但是四柱的垛式支架是远远落后于最流行的垛式支架。六柱垛式支架的前面两个立柱和

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