高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法精选讲义第二部分 动词时态和语态.doc

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精选讲义第二部分 动词时态和语态动词时态1.记住与各时态相关的“特征词”2.表示“将来”的几种形式及基本区别：shall will be going to +动词原形be to do sth.be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning. be about to do sth.3.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达：a. should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时态b. was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么）c. was / were going to have done sth.表示未完成原来的计划和安排d. expect , intend , hope , mean , plan , promise , suppose , think , want , wish常用过去完成时态. 在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望 e. wish that had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望f.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情g. had better / would rather + 不定式的完成时，表示一种过去的愿望常译为“当初最好当初真该”4. 完成时态中瞬间动词的处理方法：a. 不和表示一段时间的时间状语连用 b. 将瞬间动词变成状态动词c. 换用句型it is. since did5. 复合句中的时态问题：a.主句是现在时态，从句可是任意时态b.主句是将来时态，条件状语从句中只能用现在时态c.主句是过去时态，从句只能是过去的时态6. 情景中的时态问题这是近几年高考中时态考察的重点关键是要对所提供的情景进行仔细认真的分析善于找到判断时态的依据7与时态有关的几个特殊句型1）it / this / that is + 最高级 + n. + 定语从句” 2）. “it / this / that is the first / second / third. time + that从句” 3. ）“it is / has been + 一段时间 + since从句” 4. “主语 + was / were + doing. when.” /“主语+had done. when ”5. “主语 + was / were about to do. when”或 “主语 + was / were on the point of doing. when” 6. “hardly / scarcelyhad + 主语 + 过去分词. + when.” 或“no sooner had + 主语 + 过去 分词. + than.” 7. “it be 一段时间 before从句” it will be two years before he comes back from abroad. 两年以后， 他才会从国外回来。 it was some time before we realized the truth. （2005年山东卷） 一段时间以后， 我们才意识到事实的真相。 8. “祈使句 + and / or / otherwise + 陈述句” 此句型中， 陈述句谓语用一般将来时。本结构中的祈使句也可以用一个名词短语来代替。如： use your head and youll find a way. 动动脑筋， 你就会想出办法。 hurry up or youll be late. 快点， 否则你会迟到的。 stop smoking otherwise youll be in poor health. 不要吸烟了， 否则你的身体会不健康的。 a few years more and well fulfill our dream of going to college. 再过几年， 我们就会实现上大学的梦想。8. 动词时态题的解题方一 把握时间信息 ,关注上下文的时态。动词的时态应该和时间状语保持一致高考试题常根据题干中已知的时间状语选择合适时态,且常在题干中加入具体的情景因此正确解答此类试题的方法是:把握时间信息,结合语境,选择正确的时态 1. i dont suppose the police know who did it. (2006江苏卷) well, surprisingly they do. a man has been arrested and_now. a. has been questioned b. is being questioned c. is questioning d. has questioned 分析: 根据句中的时间状语now的提示,此处应排除ad两项,用现在进行时由a man与question之间存在被动关系可知,此处应用被动语态b 2. my friend, who_on the international olympic committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006浙江卷) a. served b. is serving c. had served d. has served 分析: 根据句中的时间状语all his life来判断,此处应用完成时态根据主句的谓语动词is retiring(将要退休)也可进一步印证应用现在完成时态,故答案为d 二 遵循呼应原则 高考试题经常从复合句(例如含状语从句名词性从句)中的主从句时态呼应的角度命题正确解答此类试题的方法是:根据时态呼应的原则来解题 3. i wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_on it for more than an hour. (2006湖北卷) a. has been working b. will have worked c. will have been working d. had worked 分析: 在时间条件状语从句中谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示主句的将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,现在完成时表示将来完成时此题中until引导的是一个时间状语从句,遵循如上呼应原则,答案为a 4. hurry up! alice and sue are waiting for you at the school gate. oh! i thought they_without me. (2005江西卷) a. went b. are going c. have gone d. had gone 分析: 本题考查的是宾语从句的时态在名词性从句中,如果主句动词为现在时或一般将来时,则从句动词可用所需的任何时态;若主句动词为过去时,则从句动词用相应的过去时态(客观真理除外)遵循如上的呼应原则,可排除bc两项,根据句意:我原以为他们两个早已经走了(“走”这个动作发生于“原以为”之前),可知答案为d 三 体会分析语境 近几年的时态命题往往都设置隐含时间状语,也就是将时间隐含在上下句或前后句的动词中,这也是近几年高考命题的热点,应予以高度重视正确解答此类试题的方法是: 准确破译题干信息,寻找参照时间,根据具体的语境并结合所获得的语言知识和语言经验来选择正确答案 5. thank goodness, youre here!what_you? traffic jam. (2004全国卷4) a. keeps b. is keeping c. had kept d. kept 分析: 本题的情景是:两人约好见面,一人姗姗来迟,见面后另一人松了口气:“谢天谢地,你终于来了!”他接着追问其迟到的理由,因为他已到那儿了,“keep”这个动作只能是发生在过去,谓语动词应该用一般过去时 6. listen to the two girls by the window. what language_ ? (2005全国卷3) a. did they speak b. were they speaking c. are they speaking d. have they been speaking 分析: 根据前一分句中的谓语动词(listen)可知,此时两个女孩正在交谈,所以答案为c 四 利用座标图 有些时态(例如过去完成时态过去将来时态)是相对的时态,涉及到两个动作的对比,正确解答此类试题的方法是:利用座标图标出不同动作发生的时间先后顺序,有助于快速提取信息,理清脉络,从而找到正确答案 7. john, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he_for the wedding. (2006全国卷2) a. will plan b. has planned c. would plan d. had planned 分析: 此题中主句的动作(spent)发生在过去(past)某一点时间上,而than-clause的动作(plan)发生在“过去的过去”,亦即在before这个时间点就已经计划好了,故答案为d图解如下: 8. in a room above the store, where a party_ , some workers were busily setting the table. (2006湖南卷) a. was to be held b. has been held c. will be held d. is being held 分析: 根据some workers were busily setting the table判断,聚会还没举行,应用将来时态,且整个句子用了过去时,所以此处应用过去将来时态a图解如下: 五 牢记句型中的固定时态 高考试题有时考查一些句型中的固定时态正确解答此类试题的方法是:识别句型,牢记规则 9. did linda see the traffic accident? (2006天津卷) no, no sooner_than it happened. a. had she gone b. she had gone c. has she gone d. she has gone 分析: “no sooner . than .”为固定句型,表示“一就”,no sooner后的谓语动词用过去完成时,than从句中谓语动词用一般过去时,故答案为a 10. i_along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_ . (2006安徽卷) a. went; was occurring b. went; occurred c. was going; occurred d. was going; had occurred 分析: “be doing . when .”为固定句型,表示“正在突然(就在这时候)”,故答案为c 11. do you know our town at all? no, this is the first time i _ here. (nmet 92) a. was b. have been c. came d. am coming 分析: 在固定句型“it / this / that + be + the first / second time + that .”中,从句中要用完成时如果主句动词为is,that从句中一律用现在完成时;当主句动词为was时,that从句中用过去完成时故答案为b 12. they asked me to have a drink with them. i said that it was at least ten years since i_a good drink. (met 88) a. had enjoyed b. was enjoying c. enjoyed d. had been enjoying 分析: 在固定句型“it + be + 段时间 + since .”中,如果主句谓语动词为现在时(is),那么从句中要用过去时;如果主句谓语动词为过去时(was),那么从句中要用过去完成时,故答案为a 当然,任何一种解题方法都不是孤立的万能的,更多的时候需双管齐下,才能达到预期的目的 动词语态 1、基本用法，形式 be done及其时态 ( be 变分词看)2、注意几个有用句型it is reported that据报道 it is said that据说it is believed that大家相信 it is suggested that有人建议3、五看：look at,see, watch,notice,observe 二听：hear,listen to 一感觉：feel 三使役：let,have,make 半（个）帮助：help（后面可跟to，也可不跟to，所以称半个help感官动词fell, watch, hear see等和使役动词let, have, make和动词help在主动句中，其宾语补足语都不带to，但在变为被动语态时，必须加上to。主动：the policeman noticed him cros